IoT Security

The drainage system is the action of draining waste water and sticky liquid components towards the rivers using particular patterns, drainage channels and streams. Drainage system basically refers to all the piping within the private and public premises which conveys sewage, rainwater and other liquid waste to a point of disposal. The connected devices will make the drainage system more comfortable to operate, monitor, control with less resources and to take necessary actions.

Controlled and precise delivery of fluid is one of the essential requirement in many fluid flow applications such as micro fluidics, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, micro-machining and in medicinal biological systems. Such deliveries are commonly achieved using syringe pump which generally employs syringes driven by an electric motor. In this work a syringe pump is operated with a Raspberry Pi-System on Single Chip, which is more user friendly than a control with an ordinary microcontroller. It runs on Linux platform which is easy to code and control using Python language. The syringe pump is actuated by stepper motor which has 200 steps per revolution so that precise flow rate is possible compared to other electrical actuators. The stepper is connected to a Dual H-Bridge L293D motor driver, which in turn is powered through the GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output) pins-an integral part of the Raspberry pi. Lead screw mechanism is used in this work to transmit rotary motion of the motor to linear motion of syringe. The pitch length travelled by the screw is minimal and controllable, resulting in a precise flow rate of the fluid which is measured experimentally.

In this paper, we explain the most important phase of security architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) based on software-defined networking (SDN). In this context, the SDN-based architecture is executed with or without the infrastructure; this is also called as SDN-Domain. This works gives briefing of the operations of the proposed architecture and summarizes the opportunity to achieve network security in a more effective and flexible with the presence of SDN. In this paper, we assumed the network access control and global traffic monitoring for ad-hoc networks. Finally, we point out the architectural design choices for SDN using Open Flow and discuss their performance implications.

In today’s lifestyle, Health has become a serious issue which directly affects quality of LIFE of a person. Health problems like cardiac failure, high blood pressure and diabetic patient needs to monitor problem on regular basis. This paper is based on monitoring of a person’s health condition automatically through sensors. Here, several sensors would be used for gathering the biological information of a person. Then, the information is forwarded to IOT. The system is more intelligent that can able to detect the critical condition of the patient .The analysis will be done on the data collected from patients of different age groups such as from 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 & so on. This data is represented in the graphical form. Graph will contain the data of different age group having average value of their biological information. And it will vary differently in Men and Women in each age group. This modern concept of monitoring the patient remotely will bring a major development in Medical arena.

In present scenario of the world, controlling air pollution is one of the leading challenges. Most often the educational institutions and organizations in developing countries suffer from contaminated environment due to improper planning and poor infrastructure. Students and faculties in a classroom could suffer from health issues due to prolonged exposure to such environment. A low cost environment monitoring device is developed to detect different pollutant gases like CO, CO2 and noise along with relative humidity and temperature. It has observed that the same type of sensors for the same gases give different values although the sensitivity of sensors is acceptable, so it has also tried to perform calibration of the sensors using machine learning technique. It can also be used to detect the pollution in the indoor environment.

Agriculture is an important factor especially for developing countries like India. Issues related to agriculture have been always hindering the county’s growth. The solution for this problem is using smart agriculture by modernizing the traditional methods of agriculture. Hence the proposed system aims to make agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. Internet of Things(IoT) based proposed system helps to check crop growth and irrigation support. A Raspberry Pi used automatic irrigation IoT system is proposed to improves the productivity of the crop. The main aim of this work is to provide crop development at less water consumption, To provide water to the plants at the required time, farmers waste a lot of time in the fields. So for efficient management of water the proposed system developed on the information sent from the sensors and estimate the quantity of water needed. Sensors are used to get the data to the base station, the humidity and the temperature of the soil, and the duration of sunshine per day. Based on these values the proposed system will calculate the water quantity for irrigation when it is required. Implementation of Precision Agriculture (PA) with cloud computing, will reduce the usage of water fertilizers and maximize the production of the crops and also will help in analyzing the weather conditions of the field.

Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health checkup. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor's consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient's health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient's on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.

In present world all of us are facing global warming crisis of water. Main causesfor these issues are growing population, improper management of water utilization. This problem is quietly related to poor allocation, inefficient use and lack of adequate water management system. Therefore, the efficient use of andmonitoring the same is essential for home, office etc. In this paper, anandroid application is developed that wouldmonitor the level of water in the cistern or any storage tank and automatically turns the motor on/off based on user requirement.This project can be implemented in any storage medium like well, cistern, etc.The purity of the water is measured using various sensors.Major advantage ofour system is that it detects any obstacles/solid particle present inside the storage tank. The obstacle or any object if found on the surface of water or even in sink, the image of the obstacle gets captured by the pi camera and image of the object will be sent to android application.By seeing these images user can take action. An alert message about water level as well as quality of water is sent to user. Thus, the system will be maintained systematically and the quality of the water gets notified.

Monitoring of the health plays a crucial role in the medical industry; an application for monitoring the children from distances by their parents is developed. Different types of sensors are used like; a temperature sensor is a device typically is an RTD. Heartbeat senor works on the principle of the basic optoelectronics. The Raspberry Pi 3 B+ Model are presently the latest, faster, and easier to use. Massimo’s acoustic respiration sensor the RAS-45 for Rainbow Acoustic Monitoring scored FDA clearance for infants and patients 10kg and under. We use an IOT board that is used for online applications with many advantages and authorize the embedded system. We use ADC to convert analog values to digital values as output.

Solution-optimized smart cities that are focused on improving cross-city services, transportation management systems and energy use are now having a tangible and positive effect on city-based quality of life. There are many components of a smart city. The components include smart infrastructure, smart buildings, smart transportation, smart energy, smart health care, smart technology, smart governance, smart education, and smart citizens. Different smart cities have different levels of these smart components, depending on their focus.

In the modern age, there is a constraint of a system with connected devices, persons, time, places and networks, which is completely integrated is called as Internet of Things (IoT). Internet of Things has become the vital building blocks in the development of healthcare monitoring system, agriculture, business, home monitoring etc. The aim of a well-organized IoT healthcare system is to provide real time remote monitoring of patient health condition, to prevent the critical patient conditions and to improve the quality of life through smart IoT environments. New challenge with IoT is security of systems and processes and also with the privacy issues of person's medical data. Information security using IoT is very complicated and difficult in IoT environment. Security and privacy by design need to be part of any IoT use case, project or deployment. Few papers have proposed different types of protocols for healthcare related authentication. After going through the methodology for authentication protocol a combined methodology is proposed to be adopted to pool the gap in between them in medical IoT application. In this paper we discussed various healthcare IoT techniques and mechanisms, challenges and security issues they faced in developing those systems, we also concluded with major problem identification in those systems to be focused as future enhancement for upcoming projects. Keywords-Internet of Things (IoT); BSNCare; Radio Frequency Identification (RFID); Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC); A lightweight break-glass access control (LiBAC); NDN-based smart health IoT (NHealthIoT) system; I. INTRODUCTION Internet of Things (IoT) is a network with connected devices having unique identification number talking with each other and taking appropriate actions without human intervention [5]. It is also known as Machine to Machine communication. The devices can range from sensors to actuators make the job easy for the end users. Internet of things (IoT) is a new term but it is the latest revolution in the technology market and creating a plethora [8] of business opportunities which includes well established companies to new start-ups. There are multiple reasons why IoT is emerging as one of the promising areas for doing business. We have 3G, 4G network which allow data transfer faster than that in earlier years.

In every developing and developed nation the utilization of automobiles is a maximising day by day and apparently the accidents relating to automobiles have increased drastically too. In our projectawe identify the problem of leakages of toxic gases taking place in a closed volume of an maximising and also develop an application through which the person inside the closed cabin or any of it's family member/friend can be notified of the situation. To overcome this situation we have introduced the automatic toxic gas indicator which enables us to detect any such hazardous leakage taking place at almost all environment conditions very effectively with the help of smart sensors. Anhydrous Ammonia is favoured in many large cooling systems because it has better heat transfer characteristics and is cheaper than the refrigerant gases used in home cooling systems and refrigerators. The problem is that the material is very reactive and toxic. Fortunately, the gas is extremely irritating at well below the toxic level so that when a minor leak happens, unprotected people evacuate the area quickly with little urging. A catastrophic leak, however can overcome people before they have a chance to get clear. This is partially because man people are temporarily blinded by less than lethal concentrations. The smart sensors will be enabled to detect any such leakages taking place inside the cabin and will also send signals to the motors of the power window to roll down automatically and when any situation of gas leakage is detected and alert sms/call is sent to the user and he is notified of the situation.