IOT

Nowadays, the railway industry is in a position where it is able to exploit the opportunities created by the IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) and enabling communication technologies under the paradigm of Internet of Trains. This review details the evolution of communication technologies since the deployment of GSM-R, describing the main alternatives and how railway requirements, specifications and recommendations have evolved over time. The advantages of the latest generation of broadband communication systems (e.g., LTE, 5G, IEEE 802.11ad) and the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for the railway environment are also explained together with the strategic roadmap to ensure a smooth migration from GSM-R. Furthermore, this survey focuses on providing a holistic approach, identifying scenarios and architectures where railways could leverage better commercial IIoT capabilities. After reviewing the main industrial developments, short and medium-term IIoT-enabled services for smart railways are evaluated. Then, it is analyzed the latest research on predictive maintenance, smart infrastructure, advanced monitoring of assets, video surveillance systems, railway operations, Passenger and Freight Information Systems (PIS/FIS), train control systems, safety assurance, signaling systems, cyber security and energy efficiency. Overall, it can be stated that the aim of this article is to provide a detailed examination of the state-of-the-art of different technologies and services that will revolutionize the railway industry and will allow for confronting today challenges.

3rd International Conference on Blockchain and Internet of Things (BIoT 2022) will provide
an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications of Blockchain and Internet of Things. The Conference looks for significant
contributions to all major fields of the Blockchain and Internet of Things in theoretical and
practical aspects.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research
results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in
the areas of Blockchain and Internet of Things.

This article reviews the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) has been primarily applied in spatial decision making from simple to complex geospatial problems. GIS is usually referred to as a computer system used explicitly to store, manage, analyze, manipulate, and visualize geospatial data. GIS can produce meaningful information for a better understanding of solving related geographic/spatial problems. With the technology, hardware, and software assistance, GIS is at its progressive pace even though GIS starts with a simple and straightforward question of geographic features/event location. This rapid development has made GIS and spatial data becoming a critical commodity today. However, without the basic knowledge and GIS understanding, the actual GIS capabilities, such as understanding geographical concepts, managing geographic phenomena, and solving geographical problems, become limited. To become worse, GIS is was seen as a tool to facilitate map display and simple spatial analysis. Furthermore, the market's professional training emphasizes simple GIS components such as hardware, software, geospatial data mapping, extracting geographical data from tables (tabular data), simple queries or display, and spatial data editing mastered using GIS manuals in training. Thus, this article highlights the impact of implementing GIS without sufficient GIS fundamental knowledge, resulting in complicated spatial decision planning issues.

Classifying fluctuating operating wireless environments can be crucial for successfully delivering authentic and confidential packets and for identifying legitimate signals. This study utilizes raw in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) samples, exclusively, to develop a low-order statistical feature set for wireless signal classification. Edge devices making decentralized decisions from I/Q sample analysis is beneficial. Implementing appropriate security and transmitting mechanisms, reducing retransmissions and increasing energy efficiency are examples. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and their Internet of Things (IoT) utilization emphasize the significance of this time series classification problem. Here, I/Q samples of typical WSN and industrial, scientific and medical band transmissions are collected in a live operating environment. Analog Pluto software-defined radios and Raspberry Pi devices are utilized to achieve a low-cost yet high-performance testbed. Features are extracted...

Floods are one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters in Indonesia. It is therefore of special concern to reduce the risk of flood fatalities and other damage. The purpose of this study is to design a flood early warning system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, we use an ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensor to collect information about water levels. Further, we use an MCU8266 node as a microcontroller to analyze the sensor data and test it using a fuzzy inference system (FIS). To monitor the server activities, a Blink application is used as an iCloud IoT to hook up to smartphone devices. The test results show that all the devices function properly and that the system can classify water levels into normal, standby, alert, and danger categories in real time. Thus, the server can send information to the output device before a flood disaster occurs.

Safety critical, Internet of Things (IoT) and spacebased applications have recently begun to adopt wireless networks based on commercial off the shelf (COTS) devices and standardized protocols, which inherently establishes the security challenge of malicious intrusions. Malicious intrusions can cause severe consequences if undetected, including, complete denial of services. Particularly, any safety critical application requires all services to operate correctly, as any loss can be detrimental to safety and/or privacy. Therefore, in order for these safety critical services to remain operational and available, any and all intrusions need to be detected and mitigated. Whilst intrusion detection is not a new research area, new vulnerabilities in wireless networks, especially wireless sensor networks (WSNs), can be identified. In this paper, a specific vulnerability of WSNs is explored, termed here the matched protocol attack. This malicious attack uses protocol-specific structures to compromise a network using that protocol. Through attack exploration, this paper provides evidence that traditional spectral techniques are not sufficient to detect an intrusion using this style of attack. Furthermore, a ZigBee cluster head network, which co-exists with ISM band services, consisting of XBee COTS devices is utilized, along with a real time spectrum analyzer, to experimentally evaluate the effect of matched protocol interference on a realistic network model. Results of this evaluation are provided in terms of device errors and spectrum use. This malicious challenge is also examined through Monte-Carlo simulations. A potential detection technique, based on coarse inter-node distance measurements, which can theoretically be used to detect matched protocol interference and localize the origin of the source, is also suggested as a future progression of this work. Insights into how this attack style preys on some of the main security risks of any WSN (interoperability, device limitations and operation in hostile environments) are also provided.

Sibcoin, criptomonede, 5G și IoT https://www.academia.edu/s/e5f659de8f?source=link Azi: Când a apărut în programul "Titlul de regiune gastronomică europeană Sibiu" (TRGES) 2019 ideea unei criptomonede locale îi căutam originea și bineînțeles scopul. (pentru detalii v. si ...) Cum nu puteam vorbi cu directorul strategic și văzând bâlbâiala pe subiect, n-am putut decât să fac supoziții, mai ales că niciodată nu a fost discutat subiectul în grupul de inițiativă. Am regăsit detaliile în cartea Președintelui "EU.RO" la capitolul 3: Europa viitorului, unde insistă, spre surprinderea mea-neștiind că are cunoștințe aprofundate în acest domeniu-pe piața unică digitală, mai ales asupra operațiunilor digitale de schimburi de bunuri și servicii (din păcate nu are nici o abordare privind transferul bunurilor și a costurilor mari aferente. Alterative...) .

The recent increase in variety for wireless smart
devices and its corresponding applications can be directly related
to the increase in data traffic today. This level of generated traffic
is of growing concern to network operators who struggle to
provide network resources to users of such saturated networks.
In this paper, we consider a social community of devices
supported by a 5G-based Fog Radio Access Network (F-RAN)
architecture. Within each community, we see that users are only
inclined to share network resources with those of similar social
orientation rather than the entire network. Thus, we consider an
energy efficient user association problem for social community
aware networks in 5G. The problem is then analysed and solved
as a Linear Programming (LP) problem, which maximizes the
energy efficiency of the network under pre-determined Quality
of Service (QoS) constraints, giving priority to users with higher
social strength. The simulation results show that the proposed
algorithm obtains better energy efficiency when compared with
other baseline user association schemes.

In this paper a general architecture of tightly-coupled integrated LR-WPAN/WiMAX network has been introduced by proposing and utilising a novel access router named Wireless Integrated Access Router (WIAR). The suggested access router effectively combines both WiMAX and LR-WPAN technologies in a same device. The main motivation to propose this integration is to deploy Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services in wide area networks. Using WiMAX as backhaul service, the Internet connection can be provided for dispersed mobile LR-WPAN users over a wide area. Moreover, it enables to access all collected data in the local LR-WPAN coverage area -which is named as Senspot in this paper -by third-party clients through the Internet. Furthermore, an analytic model has been developed for the integrated network to evaluate the system's performance. Theoretical results on blocking probability of new and handover calls from WiMAX subscribers, as well as new connections from LR-WPAN Senspots in a cell of WiMAX have been investigated in terms of call/connection rates and number of allocated channels.

Under the auspices of exceptional development in computer and informatics technology recently, it becomes necessary for acquiescent countries to take advantage of communication and information technologies to develop their establishments which affect environments and general welfare.
  From this point the importance of this research is embodied since it concentrates on explaining the idea of electronic management and its application on open systems ways (manners).
The research is divided to three themes:
  The first theme discusses the definition of open systems concept and its applicative theories, characteristics and features of these systems, and its advantages to manage establishments.
  The second theme discusses the definition of electronic management , the bases of setting up its equipments , developing its specializations , how to manage the basic resources and connection extent of management with central and non-central levels which consequently affects development of services generally, and explanation of characteristics of the main parts in electronic management , which are : electronic manger and electronic systems.
  The third theme explains the frame work (structure) of electronic management via using ways and theories of open systems and comparing them with traditional managements. Study obstacles (barriers) facing the electronic management to ensure success of applying it. The transformation matter is represented as management and planning steps at first place. This operation is taken into consideration more than technology matter which is represented in supplying computers and communication and software network.
Certain concepts which are related to electronic management are mentioned in this theme through explaining the necessity of Arabic countries to modern electronic managements in order to advance and serve their nations through transformation process from bureaucracy manner (form) to modern democratic manner (form).

In the modern centuries, the Home Computerization scheme that is automation became one of the important challenges using and controlling the things remotely. The burst increase the electronic technology which made an automation to be a part in the day day life. The remote technology has seen the rise of numerous criterions, mainly in the manufacturing, technical and medical departments. The wireless home Automation schemes should be executed in present home conditions, devoid of any variations in the structure. The automation acknowledgment of vocal sound instructions and uses a low-power IOT communiqué unit controller. This arrangement is most reasonable for the mature, old and the disabled people particularly those who live alone. The system is proposed to regulate all illuminations i.e. light and electrical procedures in homes based on voice.

The Internet of Things vision has recently emerged as a result of a proliferation of a large number of networked consumer electronic devices. There is a growing need to autonomously monitor power consumption of these devices. We present a self-organizing distributed algorithm for the dynamic approximation of power consumption in networked consumer electronic devices.

This paper explores some a novel approaches to harnessing the Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a teaching and research vehicle in education. For teaching we argue that the Internet-of-Things provides a highly motivating topic to capture students' imaginations, and a perfect platform for teaching computer science. In addition, we explain the potential for entire campuses or buildings to be constructed from Internet-of-Things technologies and the potential for this infrastructure to act as a teaching platform. This proposition is perfectly captured by the axiom "The college building (or campus) is the lab". This philosophy is part of a wider movement that started in the EU, called Living Labs. In achieving these aims, our work seeks to combine a number of concepts; first we utilise the Internetof-Things, second we incorporate Living Labs ideas, third we harness the iCampus vision, forth we use the 'Smart Box' concept and finally we implement the Pervasive-interactive-Programming (PiP) paradigm. We contend this approach can be used in various mixes to produce highly motivating and effective educational environments. We illustrate this work by describing the application of these ideas to a real-world venture, the Harlow UTC (in the UK). The main focus of this paper concerns the use of PiP, together with the Internet-of-Things, to teach elementary programming skills. In in support of this we present results of an evaluation of PiP with 18 participants (students and staff) of varied age and gender. The main conclusions of these evaluations were that PiP enabled students and staff, with diverse backgrounds, to quickly master the programming skills involved. The paper concludes by describing our future plans for this work.

The noise level of the construction site can be very dangerous as various sounds occur on the construction site. Ambient measurement is a prerequisite for identifying Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sound standard limits. Existing systems used to capture and measure sound using the Noise Level Meter tool at the construction site are limited to working hours only. Humans are required to assist devices at construction sites. Measuring noise using only noise level meters is very limited as devices need to be monitored at construction sites. Therefore, improvement is needed to measure ambient noise in construction site areas to address existing system limitations. Ambient Site Ambient Site Monitoring System (IoT) is developed to measure ambient noise throughout the day and provide real-time updates of current sound. Data is collected and stored on cloud servers using the Favoriot platform. Data analysis features are provided in a web-based system that allows users to take further action. If the recorded sound exceeds the specified limit, the system generates a warning notification. Web systems are also developed to retrieve data stored on the cloud server and users can perform analysis and reporting. Improvements to existing processes derived from this study are expected to benefit in monitoring site noise through efficient data collection, storage and analysis.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision that broadens the scope of the internet by incorporating physical objects to identify themselves to the participating entit ies. Th is innovative concept enables a physical device to represent itself in the dig ital world. There are a lot of speculations and future forecasts about the Internet of Things devices. However, most of them are vendor specific and lack a unified standard, which renders their seamless integration and interoperable operations. Another major concern is the lack of security features in these devices and their corresponding products. Most of them are resource-starved and unable to support computationally co mp lex and resource consuming secure algorith ms. In this paper, we p resent a survey of various applications which have been made possible by IoT. Furthermore, the challenges faced by these networks are presented in detail.

This paper describes the design flow, fabrication 3D printing, assembly and embedded system design for constructing a portable centrifuge for laboratory applications. The main goal is to reduce the cost of commercially available centrifuges using additive manufacturing technology. The embedded controller allows for electronic control of the functionality of the centrifuge. The designed system also includes temperature and moisture sensors to provide additional data to the user. The low weight and compact design allows for assembly as per the user requirement.

ABSTRACT Data and Internet services have become ubiquitous, and the recent trend of building massive cloud datacenters is part of the current network evolution. The success of Internet of Things (IoT) will not so much depend on the development of new technologies, but rather on connecting and integrating existing resources. The paper proposes a novel architecture that enables objects to exchange information through the Internet to achieve nonintrusive behavior and customized services based on an open source cloud platform. To achieve this goal, the information driven interactions are done not only in a peer to peer method, but also via advanced cloud services. The result is a generic platform where devices, systems and services will take part in a heterogeneous and decentralized architecture. We demonstrate that IoT is all about interoperability, from connected cloud computing using RFID, NFC, M2M and sensor technology to digital content and context-aware services. We conclude our cloud of things vision by expanding on the need for interoperability of cloud and IoT.

The Internet is smoothly migrating from an Internet of people towards an Internet of Things (IoT). By 2020, it is expected to have 50 billion things connected to the Internet. However, such a migration induces a strong level of complexity when handling interoperability between the heterogeneous Internet things, e.g., RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification), mobile handheld devices, and wireless sensors. In this context, a couple of standards have been already set, e.g., IPv6, 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks), and M2M (Machine to Machine communications). In this paper, we focus on the integration of wireless sensor networks into IoT, and shed further light on the subtleties of such integration. We present a real-world test bed deployment where wireless sensors are used to control electrical appliances in a smart building. Encountered problems are highlighted and suitable solutions are presented.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel wireless telecommunications paradigm that has emerged recently. This concept’s primary intention is to have permanent connectivity with various things or objects such as sensors, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, mobile phones, etc. which, can communicate with each other. IoT devices spent most of their energy during transmitting and receiving messages. The energy-saving of IoT devices is to take care quick battery drain. The Less Energy Consumption Routing (LECR) technique used to minimize energy consumption in IoT. But, when two devices situated at a long distance try to communicate, take consumes a lot of energy due to Signal Transmission Range limitation. This paper proposes a Clustering Based Less Energy Consumption Routing (CB-LECR) Algorithm to tackle this problem. It is feasible to efficiently decrease the IoT network’s energy consumption by organizing IoT devices in clusters. Once the nodes categorized into clusters, Cluster Heads, cluster members (non-CHs) and cluster gateways identified. Results depict that the new work performs better than the LECR algorithm concerning energy saving and network lifetime for the IoT network.

Internet of Things (IoT) has a huge attention recently due to its new emergence, benefits, and contribution to improving the quality of human lives. Securing IoT poses an open area of research, as it is the base of allowing people to use the technology and embrace this development in their daily activities. Authentication is one of the influencing security element of Information Assurance (IA), which includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability, non repudiation, and authentication. Therefore, there is a need to enhance security in the current authentication mechanisms. In this report, some of the authentication mechanisms proposed in recent years have been presented and reviewed. Specifically, the study focuses on enhancement of security in CoAP protocol due to its relevance to the characteristics of IoT devices and its need to enhance its security by using the symmetric key with biometric features in the authentication. This study will help in providing secure authentication technology for IoT data, device, and users.

These Tourism systems can be considered as an important motivation for tourists to visit the underlined places. These system employs the technologies, such as Internet of Tings(IoT), to manage the provided program and tourists by providing useful information. In this work, we state a survey of previous work on tourism system combined with IoT in terms of managing and analyzing of big data using data mining techniques. This is to extract important information from the huge data generated by the use of Internet of things in smart tourism system. By improving an algorithm for data classification algorithm, the proposed solution is formed to produce a classifier that can deals with different types of data with accepted complexity instead of using different classifiers for numeric data types. Moreover, it introduces an enhanced evaluation method, in which most of classifier can be included with high efficiency. The android based mobile application and web site can be produced to support the using of the proposed system.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a buzzword, where all digital devices are connecting with each other to exchange some information. These devices are encroaching on our daily life including home appliances, offices, health etc. Security is the major concern for the Internet of Things (IoT). Whenever devices are connected then authentication is required for secure communication. So, authentication forms the gateway for a secure communication system. Authentication with text passwords still widely used but have become insecure. Therefore, it is an important concern to address by using biometric authentication. This paper presents the conceptual idea of securing internet of Things network using biometric authentication with iris recognition.

This article describes in detail how to detect the effects of climate change through hybrid technology and give the solutions. In today's environment, climate change [1] is emerging as the biggest problem threatening the world. This study describes in detail the study of the detection and characteristics of various types of natural disasters caused by climate change such as heavy rains, floods, storms, and wildfires. This research is the combination of IOT, wireless sensor network, Big data analytics, Cloud computing and artificial Intelligence. The proposed system consists of wireless sensor which detect Environmental factor such as rain, flood, storm and wildfire. The sensor data are stored and it will be analyzed into already existing environment data. When there is a discrepancy between the information taken by the sensor and the existing information, the actuator in this system will start working automatically. For example, sensors that sense rain during heavy rains send information to a Database. If there is a discrepancy between the existing information and the information available, actuator will start working immediately. Immediately the information goes to the Central Control Room and from there the information goes to the Disaster Management Centre. So main aim of this project is to detect the climate change in environment, and it gives the solution to the problem.

Polyhouse is a methodology used to grow plant under controlled environment for increasing yield and quality of the crops. The development and growth of crop depends on internal environment of polyhouse such as temperature,light intensity and soil moisture. It replaces the direct supervision of the human. In polyhouse, for proper plant growth soil nutrient parameters are equally important. Light is the most important source for photosynthesis and the light intensity is monitored using LDR. The temperature inside the polyhouse can be monitored through temperature sensor and DC fan is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the polyhouse farm.Large amount of crops are destroyed every year due to pests.Pest detection and identification Is needed to ensure good productivity in agriculture crops.Early detection of pest in image is very crucial for effective management of pest control. The acoustic sensors are utilized to distinguish the nearness of pests at a beginning period and avoid infestation in the plants.The whole farm is monitored through the WSN and the sensed data's are received by the arduino.The arduino is connected to the IOT wifi module which sends the reading from the sensors to the webpage.Utilizing this method the farmer will have the capacity to expand the yield. Automation in polyhouse avoids the manual error by the farmer and replaces the human intervention in polyhouse Index terms: Acoustic pest detection, soil moisture sensor,LDR,IOT.

Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries through environmentally sustainable models of economic development. The paper sought to examine the status of current and emerging environmentally friendly technologies, equipment and applications in supporting programs that play a role in addressing environment degradation in Kenya. It also sought to underscore the role of IT in environmentally sustainable consumption. The paper examines what constitutes environment degradation and explores the negative effects of IT infrastructure on the environment. The consequences of E-waste on environment are discussed followed by green IT as part of the solution to environment degradation as a result of adoption of IT. The papers also discuss the available IT infrastructure that can be used to combat the challenges of environment degradation. The paper ends with possible IT infrastructure measures that c...

Automation is rapidly growing in the present technology. So automation plays a vital role in the agricultural field which is helpful for the farmers. In the earlier days, the grass cutters used were manually handheld devices. Because of this, there was pollution and loss of energy as they used gas and petrol engines. So the old grass cutters need to be replaced by automated ones, where the system will work for guidance and obstacle detection using battery as a power source. And it used Arduino UNO microcontroller board as the main controller of the system, Ultrasonic sensor for object NODE MCU for Wi-Fi connection, a linear blade for cutting the grass, and a motor drive for the wheels of the Robot. This is fully automated and renewable energy based project.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) applications have expanded considerably over the past decade or so and now, solutions exit for various innovative applications. These wireless networks adopt commercial off the shelf devices and standardized protocols, which inherently creates security challenges. These challenges are ever changing as malicious interference and intrusion techniques evolve and dynamic efficient hardware becomes increasingly accessible. This paper presents the development of multiple low-cost hardware and software platforms designed so security enhancements and modifications to WSN protocol architecture and packet structure can be designed and tested. Each testbed has been built satisfying the requirements of being available as unmodified commercial off the shelf (COTS) components and based on open source software. The testbeds provide versatility through operating on various operating systems including Windows and Linux, are reproducible and can be deployed in a way which replicates real world WSNs. Each distinct system provides remote access, real time and off line data analysis, specific control of each network node and the ability to upload data from the WSN. This paper describes in-detail the individual pieces of suitable hardware for WSN protocol and packet structure design and illustrates the system architecture required to form testbeds which can experimentally validate modifications to a WSN protocol. Additionally, a baseline is defined and encapsulates the ZigBee standard. Example results of the distinct testbeds in operation are provided along with the specific open source software being used.

In this paper we review studies of the growth of the Internet and technologies that are useful for information search and retrieval on the Web. Search engines are retrieve the efficient information. We collected data on the Internet from several different sources, e.g., current as well as projected number of users, hosts, and Web sites. The trends cited by the sources are consistent and point to exponential growth in the past and in the coming decade. Hence it is not surprising that about 85% of Internet users surveyed claim using search engines and search services to find specific information and users are not satisfied with the performance of the current generation of search engines; the slow retrieval speed, communication delays, and poor quality of retrieved results. Web agents, programs acting autonomously on some task, are already present in the form of spiders, crawler, and robots. Agents offer substantial benefits and hazards, and because of this, their development must invo...

Simeck, a lightweight block cipher has been proposed to be one of the encryption that can be employed in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Therefore, this paper presents the security of the Simeck32/64 block cipher against side-channel cube attack. We exhibit our attack against Simeck32/64 using the Hamming weight leakage assumption to extract linearly independent equations in key bits. We have been able to find 32 linearly independent equations in 32 key variables by only considering the second bit from the LSB of the Hamming weight leakage of the internal state on the fourth round of the cipher. This enables our attack to improve previous attacks on Simeck32/64 within side-channel attack model with better time and data complexity of 2 35 and 2 11.29 respectively.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technological revolution of the Internet. IoT is and can be said the expansion of internet services. It is changing the way we work and live by saving time and resources and opening new
opportunities for growth, innovation and knowledge creation. Internet of Things is the general idea of things, especially everyday objects that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and/or controllable via the Internet, irrespective of the communication means .IoT allows everyone to be connected anytime and anywhere. It provides a platform for communication between objects where objects can organize and manage themselves. Objects can be communicated between each other by using radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN), Zigbee, etc. IoT is embodied in a wide spectrum of networked products, systems and sensors, which take advantage of advancements in computing power, electronics miniaturization, and network interconnections to offer new capabilities not previously possible.

ABSTACT
Fog computing is a prime example that extends Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) application services to the edge of the network. Correlated to Cloud, Fog computing provides data transferring, larger and more immediate storage bandwidth and application services to end users. This innovative architecture stands in close correlation with its Cloud counterpart. As it is well known Cloud faces various security and privacy problems thus inheriting most of them to Fog computing along side some new security and privacy challenges because of Fog's distinct characteristics. Later on, we will cite these new challenges and threads.

Internet, a revolutionary invention, is always transforming into some new kind of hardware and software making it unavoidable for anyone. The form of communication that we see now is either human-human or human-device, but the Internet of Things (IoT) promises a great future for the internet where the type of commu-nication is machine-machine (M2M). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT scenario and reviews its en-abling technologies and the sensor networks. Also, it describes a six-layered architecture of IoT and points out the related key chal-lenges. Keywords:

The IOT based energy meter is based on Arduino. This system eliminates the human involvement in electricity maintenance. The theft of electricity increases the costs paid by customers. Hence this system is used for the detection of theft. The energy meter is connected to the Arduino. The Arduino checks the main meter and sub meter reading. If the difference between the main meter and sub meter is occurred then the message that theft has occurred will be displayed on the LCD display as well as on the thingspeak. The comparison between the main meter and sub meter reading is used to check the theft status. Customer can be access the thingspeak from anywhere on the globe at the anytime using the consumer number. Hence the customer can be easily access their energy usage.

The abundance and variety of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the recent couple of years has reach a new record. From smart home, smart traffic, smart city, to industry, logistics and agriculture IoT applications are penetrating in every facet of our life and our society. A lot of simple and more complicated solutions benefit from the flexibility and diversity of connections that this new technology provides. In order to provide better management, better visualization, increase scale and reduce response times logistics and warehouse management are embracing new ways to improve upon the already “old” RFID technology. In this sense IoT provides an unprecedented technology to meet all these requirements in a uniform and easy to manage way. In this work a specific smart application – IoT mailbox with face recognition is discussed. Combining cellular connectivity with image processing it ensures the user that his valuable documents will be securely delivered. The developed pr...

In this paper, we discuss the most significant application opportunities and outline the challenges in performing a real-time and energy-efficient management of the distributed resources available at mobile devices and Internet-to-Data Center. We also present an energy-efficient adaptive scheduler for Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) that operates at the edge of a vehicular network, connected to the served Vehicular Clients (VCs) through an Infrastructure-to-Vehicular (I2V) over multiple Foglets (Fls). The scheduler optimizes the energy by leveraging the heterogeneity of Fls, where the Fl provider shapes the system workload by maximizing the task admission rate over data transfer and computation. The presented scheduling algorithm demonstrates that the resulting adaptive scheduler allows scalable and distributed implementation.

The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work considers Smart Personal Protective Equipment as “Intelligent Protection For The Future”. It mainly consists of electronic components that collect data about their use, the workers who wear them, and the working environment. This paper proposes a distributed solution of Smart Personal Protective Equipment for the safety monitoring of Lone Workers by adopting low-cost electronic devices. In addition to the same hazards as anyone else, Lone Workers need additional and specific systems due to the higher risk they run on a work site. To this end, the Edge-Computing paradigm can be adopted to deploy an architecture embedding wearable devices, which alerts safety managers when workers do not wear the prescribed Personal Protective Equipment and supports a fast rescue when a worker seeks help or an accidental fall is automatically detected. The proposed system is a work-in-progress which provides an architecture design to accommodate differ...

Blockchain technology is new technology for digital asset tracking and management. Initially Blockchain was implemented as a financial solution, through the Bitcoin and its digital cryptocurrency. This was changed with the development of Ethereum new approach for management of digital assets. The existence of Smart contracts in the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EMV), introduced new ways for dealing the problems with third-parties. This opens opportunities for plethora of new Blockchain implementations for smart homes, smart objects, healthcare, finance management, insurance, supply chain management and many others. This survey paper addresses the state-of-the-art and highlights the possibilities for integration of Blockchain technology and IoT, with main focus to healthcare systems. Due to the Blockchain specifics, there are many unsolved issues and open challenges for the researchers in this area.