Kultura Pomorska

Jutrzenka is located in the Borzytuchom commune, near Bytów. In 1982, during surface survey carried out as part of the AZP action, two sites were discovered, marked Nos. 13 and 14 (AZP sheet 14-32/64-65). In connection with the planned development of plot 279, coinciding with previously registered sites 13 and 14, preceding rescue excavations were conducted at the turn of 2017 and 2018. In total, around 600 m2 were tested. 13 settlement features with a thickness of 30 to 115 cm, and multilayer fills with a significant content of scorch were recorded. These pits were originally associated with fire activity (features 2, 10, 11) and storage one (features 1, 7, 8). Feature 7 was one of the most interesting - due to the presence of several granites and a lump of clay, it was considered a potter’s depot.
229 fragments of pottery vessels, 3 lumps of scorched clay and a fragment of antler were obtained on site. In terms of stylistics and morphology, the acquired materials represent two trends. Pots with knobs near rims, vases and mugs with cylindrical necks, bowls with edges tilted outward and cut off from the inside, and decoration limited to engraved lines and finger tips imprints refer to the ‘late Bronze Age’ tradition, and are characteristic of the Lusatian-Pomeranian cultural transformation phase of the older Hallstatt period . The stylistics of the second group is characterised by share of vases with bulbous bellies and hemispherical bowls, and their decoration is limited to pseudo-cordons, cordons and pinched ornament, i.e. elements characteristic of the stylistic current of the younger Hallstatt period and the older pre-Roman period.
The acquired artefacts meet numerous analogies in materials obtained, amongst others from the vicinity of Władysławowo, from the ‘Juszkowo’ cluster and from the complex of sites examined as part of the Kościerzyna bypass construction project. The increase in interest in antler and the widespread use of objects from this raw material is noticeable in archaeological materials from sites dated to the beginning of the Iron Age, which is associated with the magical and belief role of deer during the Hallstatt period.
The captured stylistic variability of materials suggests that it was a long-term or two-phase settlement, existing here throughout the Hallstatt period, until the beginning of the older pre-Roman period. It should be assumed that a production settlement was located on the gentle southern slopes of a small hill, as evidenced by numerous pits related to pottery production. Based on the research conducted to date, it is not possible to determine the extent of the examined site, however, it seems that sites 13 and 14 constituted one settlement structure in the early Iron Age. Acquiring new archaeological materials dated to the early Iron Age expands information on the increasingly visible Bytów settlement cluster of the Lusatian-Pomeranian Urnfield cultures cycle.

Traces of early iron age settlement and 19th-century beginnings of the spa: the results of archaeological supervision on the territory of the former spa gardens in ojców abstract: The paper presents the results of an archaeological supervision over the installation of a heat pump in the building of " hotel pod Kazimierzem " in " Zdrojowy " Park in Ojców. Eleven installation trenches had been set and their analysis showed relatively young metrics of the transformations of the studied area. Most layers occurred to be dark brown grit including pieces of clay and glass vessels which can be dated late-modern times (18th – 19th century) or even modern period (20th century). In trench no. 11 a cultural layer was found, including pieces of vessels dated early Iron Age in its decline. key words: Ojców, spa gardens, spa in Ojców, early Iron Age, lusatian culture, Pomeranian culture