Lentil

عدس یکی از مهمترین حبوبات در استان اردبیل است که عمدتاً بهصورت دیم کشت میشو به. د منظور
تعیین پایداري عملکرد دانهي ارقام عدس تحت شرایط دیم، آزمایشی در قالب بلوكهاي کامـل تـصادفی در
سالهاي  1380-82در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزي اردبیل با  5رقـم ،ILL1251 ،ILL1180 ،ILL1237
ILL1236و  ILL1324به همراه یک رقم شاهد محلی اردبیل و یک ژنوتیپ انتخابی از تودهي محلی انجام
گرفت. در تجزیه واریانس ساده، اختلاف عملکرد دانه در سـال اول غیـر معنـیدار و در سـال دوم در سـطح
احتمال یک درصد معنیدار بود. تجزیه واریانس مرکب دادهها حاکی از معنیدار بودن اثر متقابل رقم سال
در سطح احتمال یک درصد بود. براي تعیین پایداري عملکرد دانه، از واریـانس محیطـی رومـر) ،( S i2ضـریب
تغییرات ژنوتیپی فرانسیس و کننبرگ) ،(CV iاکووالانس ریـک) ،(W i2واریـانس پایـداري شـوکلا) ( ،  i2ضـریب
رگرسیون فینلی و ویلکینسون) ،(biمعیار غیر پارامتري میانگین رتبه) ،(Riانحراف معیار رتبـه)  STD( Riو
تجزیهي کلاستر استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیهي کلاستر از لحاظ میانگین عملکرد و پارامترهاي پایداري، ارقام را
در سه گروه مجزا قرار داد. بر این اساس ارقام  ILL1180 ،ILL1237و ژنوتیپ انتخابی از تودهي محلی در
گروه اول با) میانگین عملکرد و واریانس محیطی کم(، ارقام  ILL1324 ، ILL1236و رقم شاهد محلـی در
گروه دوم با) میانگین عملکرد و واریانس محیطی متوسط( و رقم  ILL1251در گروه سوم با) میانگین عملکرد
و واریانس محیطی زیاد( قرار گرفتند. بررسی ارقام گروه دوم از لحاظ سایر پارامترهاي پایداري نشان داد کـه
رقم  ILL1324با برخورداري از پایداري مناسب از نظـر اکثـر روشهـاي پـارامتري و بـهواسـطهي داشـتن
میانگین عملکرد دانهي مطلوب میتواند بهعنوان رقم مطلوب در شرایط دیم منطقه اردبیـل در نظـر گرفتـه
شود

Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of two or more species on the same field, during a growing season, in order to produce a greater yield, by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. The researches are focused on the productivity and yield quality of oat and two species of grain leguminous (pea – Pisum sativum L. and lentil – Lens culinaris L.), in intercropping, in order to evaluate their adaptability to natural conditions of South Romania and to organic cultivation. The experiment was carried out in 2007-2009 period, in Moara Domneasca Experimental Field, on reddish preluvosoil, in randomized variants, in 4 replications. The seeds used for experiments were organic. Oat and grain leguminous were sown in alternating rows (1 row of oat, 1 row of pea/lentil), at 12.5 cm between rows. A series of parameters were determined as follows: yield components, yield, land equivalent ratio and seeds quality. In average, the oat intercropped with ...

A field experiment was undertaken at Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur to study the response of lentil cultivars on yield and nutrient balance in the soil in relation to various levels of zinc and boron. Results revealed that lentil cultivar PL 639 produced significantly highest grain, straw and biological yield of lentil than the other cultivars of lentil. Grain, straw and biological yield of lentil was significantly increased with the application of 1 kg B/ha than control. Highest available nutrient viz., N, P, K, S, Zn and B in the soil showed increasing trend with lentil cultivar in sequence in DPL 62< K 75 < PL 406 < PL 639 after two consecutive crop season. The contents of available N, K, Zn and B in the soil showed increasing trend while available P and S showed decreasing trend with the increasing levels of zinc. Highest available N, P, K, S, Zn and B in the soil was restored more in 1 kg B/ha applied plot, however, minimum available N, P, K, S, Zn and B in the soil was obtained in control. Hence, application of zinc @ 8-10 kg and boron @ 1kg/ha is recommended for sustainable lentil production.

... Khalil et al. ... Baya and Yahyaoui (2005) suggested an integrated orobanche management for lentil which includes the use of delayed sowing, early maturing variety adapted to late sowing in combination with either two post emergence applications of imazapic (5g ai ha −1 ) or ...

The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is the first period in human cultural evolution that is characterized by the extensive production of lime plaster for architectural, decorative and ritual purposes. The production of large quantities of lime plaster requires the operation of a lime kiln, a structure where limestone cobbles are heated to high temperatures (> 600 °C) to obtain quicklime, which is then mixed with water to form a moldable lime putty. However, little is known about lime kilns and plaster production processes during the PPNB. This may be because the technology used at that time was simple and left few traces that are unique to lime plaster production. These include combustion features rich in lime plaster and heat-altered sediments, which are difficult to identify through only a visual inspection of the archaeological context. Here we report the study of a small sinkhole at the Nesher-Ramla quarry in Israel, which yielded Early PPNB artifacts. Using infrared spectrometry and micromorphology of sediments, we identified in-situ deposits of heat-altered sediments rich in fragments of burnt limestone, lime plaster, and wood ash in the form of charcoal, phytoliths and siliceous aggregates, which are features consistent with the operation of a lime kiln. Charred botanical remains were characterized and used for radiocarbon dating, which determined the age of the site at 10,400 cal BP. We therefore conclude, based on the examination of the microscopic archaeological record, that this sinkhole was used as a lime kiln during the Early PPNB.

The present investigation consisted of evaluations of 10 genotypes of lentil at four
levels of salinity viz. 0.0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM and 60 mM NaCl salinity induced by
supplementing 0.0, 292.2, 584.4 and 876.6 mg NaCI, respectively to the 250 ml of double
distilled water. 15 seeds of each genotype were sown in sterilized petridishes layered with
autoclaved germination papers. Each petridish was irrigated daily with 3 ml of test
solutions after draining out the previous day solutions. The temperature was 24±2 0
C in
the culture room and the set was maintained in dark for the first two days followed by
exposure to light achieved by tube lights and incandescent bulbs. The experiment was
terminated on the 8th day and observations were recorded on germination percentage,
plumule length, radicle length, seedling length, plumule to radicle length ratio, plumule
fresh weight, radicle fresh weight, plumule dry weight, radicle dry weight and seedling
vigour index. The observations on dry weight were recorded after drying in hot air oven at
650
C for 48 hours.
The genotypes exhibited significant differences in all the salinity levels for all the
characters except germination percentage in salinity level 0.0 mM and 20 mM and
seedling vigour index in salinity level 0.0 mM NaCl salinity level and pooled ANOVA
indicated significant differences among genotypes, salinity levels as well as the
interactions between genotype x salinity levels, indicating differential response of
genotypes to salinity for most of the traits. The reductions in mean values under high
salinity were severe in germination percentage, plumule length, radicle fresh weight,
plumule dry weight, radicle dry weight, and seedling vigour index and increase in mean
radicle length in higher salinity levels as compared with control. Based upon the rank totals
of a genotype over different salinity levels and characters, the genotype RLG-195 was
found to be most desirable followed by RLG-234, SAPNA and RLG-5.
In general, the PCV values were higher than GCV values for all the characters. The
highest GCV and PCV values were observed in plumule to radicle length ratio followed by
radicle length, indicating that variation was highest for these characters among the
genotypes. Heritability in broad sense was generally high for plumule fresh weight, radicle
length and seedling length across the salinity levels. Genetic advance as percentage of
mean was highest for plumule to radicle length ratio followed by radicle length. Similar to
coefficient of variation, the GA also showed linear increase with salinity gradient in
germination percentage.

Lentil (Lens culinaris) is one of the oldest pulse crops and most nutritious among the rabi pulses. Front line demonstration was conducted at farmer's field of Gazipur UP, India, involving improved technology. The productivity and economic returns of lentil from improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local check). Results revealed that improved scientific lentil production practices recorded higher yield as compared to farmer's practices. The improved technology recorded higher yield of 13.87 q/ha and 14.70 q/ha in the year 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively over farmer's practice10.90 and 10.67 q/ha. In the economic front too, improved technology gave higher gross return (90155 and 88200 Rs./ha), net return (63336 and 65714 Rs./ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (3.36and 3.92) as compared to farmer's practices. The variation in per cent increase in the yield was attributed by lack of scientific knowledge, and poor socio economic condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the FLDs programmes were effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved package and practices of HYV of lentil adoption.

An experiment was conducted in Rabi season to evaluate the effect of handweedings, pendimethaline and fluchloralin alone and in combinations on different weed species and seed yield of lentil under temperate conditions. Although fluchlorin + HW at 150 and 180 DAS was equally found good for reducing weed population but its effectiveness could not match with pendimethaline + HW at 150 and 180 DAS with respect to yield. The season long competition causes reduction in yield by 52.52 % and 53.19 % during 2004-05 and 2005-06 respectively. Significantly higher yield was obtained under weed a free condition which was at par with pendimethaline+ HW at 150 and 180 DAS.

The paper analyzes the cultivation and representation of lentils and fava beans in medieval Serbia until the end of the 15th century. Their use in the everyday diet of people was influenced by their high protein content. Serbian medieval sources (typikons, charters) indicate that lentil was an obligatory part of monastic meals. The available information on fava beans is scarce, but it can be concluded that they were used in the diet of the poorest social classes. Turkish census records (defterler) created immediately after the Turkish conquest of Serbian lands illustrate the economic circumstances of the time they were compiled and demonstrate the representation of legumes in the production of the time, prompting their analysis in this paper. The paper further briefly analyzes the works of Greek and Roman authors referring to the cultivation and use of legumes in the diet of people, and their usage in religious purposes. Legumes are also shown in the context of traditional Serbian culture.

The paper analyzes the cultivation and representation of lentils and fava beans in medieval Serbia until the end of the 15th century. Their use in the everyday diet of people was influenced by their high protein content. Serbian medieval sources (typikons, charters) indicate that lentil was an obligatory part of monastic meals. The available information on fava beans is scarce, but it can be concluded that they were used in the diet of the poorest social classes. Turkish census records (defterler) created immediately after the Turkish conquest of Serbian lands illustrate the economic circumstances of the time they were compiled and demonstrate the representation of legumes in the production of the time, prompting their analysis in this paper. The paper further briefly analyzes the works of Greek and Roman authors referring to the cultivation and use of legumes in the diet of people, and their usage in religious purposes. Legumes are also shown in the context of traditional Serbian c...

The paper advances a new interpretation of the proverb τοὐπὶ τῇ φακῇ μύρον (“the perfume in the lentil-soup”) as attested in Sopater’s single surviving fragment from his play "Nekyia", where it is used to satirically describe Odysseus. Sopater’s tiny fragment (one line and a half) reveals a mere, albeit strong, satirical tone towards Odysseus; yet, the essence of this satire is left entirely unexplained. Instead of the common view that the proverb presently conveys a notion of incongruity (as it does in other texts), the paper argues that here we need to allow for (if not implement) an alternative interpretation, that of hedonism.
The argument in favour of this new interpretation is based on a number of ancient testimonies (including Aristotle’s) regarding both the proverb itself (provenance and gloss) and the later reception and misconstruing of Odysseus’ figure as a hedonist (as attested in ancient scholia on Homer, Athenaeus, and the comic tradition).
"Frammenti sulla scena" is an open access journal.

Food systems and the ability to attain food security have already been affected by land degradation, environmental pollution and global climate change. With more time, agriculture will have greater difficulty in producing enough, good quality food to sustain the growing human population. The new paradigm shift and set of practices in the field of agriculture today has been identified-variously termed as 'climate-smart agriculture' , 'regenerative agriculture', 'organic' or ' resource-conserving agriculture' proven to meet the promise of food security , but there is a need of practical evidence and bold action. Demonstration of the links these agricultural approaches possess to many benefits accruing to food production, security, human and environmental health are urgently needed. Reported research documented two cases from Bangladesh. Currently a number of obstacles to introduce, adopt and scaling up of these practices on a global scale exist and only a small percentage of concerned farmers, researchers, land managers, consumers and policy makers are familiar to this alternative approach to safeguard our common future.

Although Sicily is relatively small (about 25000 km2), it accounts for several agro-ecotypes of lentil (Lens
culinarisMedik.), for many of which no data on morphological, agronomic, and organoleptic characteristics are available
to date. Thus, experiments were performed to characterize 12 lentil agro-ecotypes from different areas of Sicily,
including some small islands surrounding the main island, and to assess the extent of genetic diversity (by means of six
inter-simple sequence repeat [ISSR] primers). A famous agro-ecotype from central Italy (CastellucciodiNorcia) and two
commercial varieties from Canada (Eston and Laird) were also included in the study. The results showed a large degree
of genetic diversity (based on ISSR markers) and variability in pheno-morphological and agronomic traits. In contrast,
the intra-accession variability was on average rather low. The agronomic (productivity, nitrogen fixation capacity) and
qualitative (lipid content, hydration coefficient) attributes of several Sicilian agro-ecotypes were more pronounced than
those of the controls. This fact certainly represents a prerequisite for their future economic valorization. Moreover, the
observed variability may be of interest from the point of view of breeding.

Lentil is a valuable human food and one of the oldest known protein rich food legumes which is also known as poor men’s meat. Owing to biotic and abiotic stresses, the crop yield is below attainable levels which are mainly attributed to pathological factors especially lentil wilt caused by Fusarium
oxysporum f.sp. lentis. It is a potential threat to lentil production not only in Pakistan but worldwide as well that can cause complete crop failure. Current studies were designed to screen the available lentil germplasm against the lentil wilt disease in relation to environmental factors. Twenty eight lentil lines were sown in a previously developed wilt sick bed in the research area of Pulses Research institute, Faisalabad using augmented design. Natural inoculum was also relied upon. Disease severity data were recorded and area under disease progress curve was calculated. Results revealed that sixteen lines were found highly susceptible, seven remained susceptible, and three lines were moderately resistant
whereas two demonstrated resistance responses against the disease. Furthermore, disease severity data along with weekly environmental conditions were subjected to correlation and stepwise regression analysis to screen environmental variables not having a significant influence on lentil wilt development.
All the environmental factors were positively correlated with disease development and best explained using linear regression. Maximum disease severity was recorded at 17-18oC and 7-10oC air temperature (Max. and Min.), 60-78% relative humidity and 2 mm rainfall respectively. Stepwise regression employed to predict lentil wilt incidence, the model developed significantly fit to the data and their predicted values of lentil wilt incidence were in close conformity with the observed values.

Lentil plays a pivotal role in food and nutritional security of large scale Indian, which is still by and large vegetarian in food habit. Root rot complex of lentils are sever disease, with a potential to devastate entire crop. An invstigation was undertaken to study the dynamic of root rot in the rice - lentil – mungbean cropping systems, managed under conventional and zero tilled condition with 04 water regime based on IW:CPE, at ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India during 2016-17 to 2018-19. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungus responsible for root rot incidence. Results reveled that if the disese incidence (%) is more 65% the yield penalty will be more than 80% as compare to the normal crop season. Root rot complex can damage more at advanced stage as compare to seedling or early grorth stages. Best way to manage root rot disease complex are adapting crop rotation, sowing resistance varieties along withprophylactic seed treatment.

The field experiment was carried out at South Lemua, MLT site, Feni (AEZ 19) during Rabi season of 2015-16 to evaluate the performance of lentil as mixed crop with cowpea under variable seeding ratio. The treatment combinations used for the experiment were T1= Sole Lentil (100 %) @ 40 kg seed ha-1, T2 =Sole Cowpea (100%) @ 45kg seed ha-1, T3 = Lentil (100%) + Cowpea (10 %), T4 = Lentil (100 %) + Cowpea (20 %) and T5 = Lentil (100 %) + Cowpea (30 %). Lentil var. BARIMashur-6 and cowpea variety BARI Felon-1 were used in this study. The yield of lentil decreased with the increase of cowpea population in the mixed cropping situation. All the mixed cropping combinations showed higher lentil equivalent yield (LEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) than sole cropping. The highest lentil equivalent yield (1438 kg ha-1) and maximum land equivalent ratio (1.24) were observed in T4 treatment. Cost and return analysis showed that the highest net return (Tk. 7...

The field experiment was carried out at South Lemua, MLT site, Feni (AEZ 19) during Rabi season of 2015-16 to evaluate the performance of lentil as mixed crop with cowpea under variable seeding ratio. The treatment combinations used for the experiment were T1= Sole Lentil (100 %) @ 40 kg seed ha-1 , T2 =Sole Cowpea (100%) @ 45kg seed ha-1 , T3 = Lentil (100%) + Cowpea (10 %), T4 = Lentil (100 %) + Cowpea (20 %) and T5 = Lentil (100 %) + Cowpea (30 %). Lentil var. BARIMashur-6 and cowpea variety BARI Felon-1 were used in this study. The yield of lentil decreased with the increase of cowpea population in the mixed cropping situation. All the mixed cropping combinations showed higher lentil equivalent yield (LEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) than sole cropping. The highest lentil equivalent yield (1438 kg ha-1) and maximum land equivalent ratio (1.24) were observed in T4 treatment. Cost and return analysis showed that the highest net return (Tk....

Although Sicily is relatively small (about 25000 km2), it accounts for several agro-ecotypes of lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.), for many of which no data on morphological, agronomic, and organoleptic characteristics are available to date. Thus, experiments were performed to characterize 12 lentil agro-ecotypes from different areas of Sicily, including some small islands surrounding the main island, and to assess the extent of genetic diversity (by means of six inter-simple sequence repeat [ISSR] primers). A famous agro-ecotype from central Italy (CastellucciodiNorcia) and two commercial varieties from Canada (Eston and Laird) were also included in the study. The results showed a large degree of genetic diversity (based on ISSR markers) and variability in pheno-morphological and agronomic traits. In contrast, the intra-accession variability was on average rather low. The agronomic (productivity, nitrogen fixation capacity) and qualitative (lipid content, hydration coefficient) attribu...

An experiment was conducted in Rabi season to evaluate the effect of handweedings, pendimethaline and fluchloralin alone and in combinations on different weed species and seed yield of lentil under temperate conditions. Although fluchlorin + HW at 150 and 180 DAS was equally found good for reducing weed population but its effectiveness could not match with pendimethaline + HW at 150 and 180 DAS with respect to yield. The season long competition causes reduction in yield by 52.52 % and 53.19 % during 2004-05 and 2005-06 respectively. Significantly higher yield was obtained under weed a free condition which was at par with pendimethaline+ HW at 150 and 180 DAS.

An experiment was conducted in the Plant Pathology Laboratory,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during winter 2011-2012 to evaluate the efficacy of some fungicides for improving the quality of seeds of lentil. The test fungicides were Rovral (0.2%), Secure 600WG (0.2%), Bavistin 70WP (0.2%), Captan 50WP (0.2%). BARI Masur-1 was used in the experiment. Around 57% healthy seed was recorded from the Secure 600WG sprayed plot. Germination was 21.63% in case of Secure 600WG against 18.94% in Control. Four fungal pathogens namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. were associated with lentil seeds. Among the treatments, Secure 600WG (0.2%) was found to be the most effective fungicide in controlling seed borne fungi. Germination (%) and seedling vigor was also increased due to application of Secure 600WG (0.2%). The highest germination was found to be 86.00% and the highest vigor index was 522.02 in Secure treated plants in comparison to 63% and 250.11 in untreated control.

Lentil plays a pivotal role in food and nutritional security of large scale Indian, which is still by and large vegetarian in food habit. Root rot complex of lentils are sever disease, with a potential to devastate entire crop. An invstigation was undertaken to study the dynamic of root rot  in the rice - lentil – mungbean cropping systems, managed under conventional and zero tilled condition with 04 water regime based on IW:CPE, at ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India during 2016-17 to 2018-19.  Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum were the  fungus responsible for root rot incidence. Results reveled that if the disese incidence (%) is more 65% the yield penalty will be more than 80% as compare to the normal crop season. Root rot complex can damage more at advanced stage as compare to seedling or early grorth stages.  Best way to manage root rot disease complex are adapting crop rotation, sowing resistance varieties along withprophylactic seed treatment.

Although Sicily is relatively small (about 25000 km2), it accounts for several agro-ecotypes of lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.), for many of which no data on morphological, agronomic, and organoleptic characteristics are available to date. Thus, experiments were performed to characterize 12 lentil agro-ecotypes from different areas of Sicily, including some small islands surrounding the main island, and to assess the extent of genetic diversity (by means of six inter-simple sequence repeat [ISSR] primers). A famous agro-ecotype from central Italy (CastellucciodiNorcia) and two commercial varieties from Canada (Eston and Laird) were also included in the study. The results showed a large degree of genetic diversity (based on ISSR markers) and variability in pheno-morphological and agronomic traits. In contrast, the intra-accession variability was on average rather low. The agronomic (productivity, nitrogen fixation capacity) and qualitative (lipid content, hydration coefficient) attribu...

This session covers twenty five papers from different authors KEYNOTE How Farmers Can Work Together for a More Sustainable and Profitable Business, Brian McAlpine Farmer, Nuffield Scholar GENERAL 2005 Seasonal Outlook, David Stephens and Nicola Telcik, Department of Agriculture Essentials for cereal leaf disease management, K. Jayasena, R. Loughman, G. Thomas, C. Beard, and B. Paynter, Department of Agriculture Benefits to the grower of grain licensing, Colin Mann, Grain Licensing Authority SOIL & NUTRIENTS The effect of higher nitrogen fertiliser prices on rotation and fertiliser strategies in cropping systems, Ross Kingwell, Department of Agriculture Effect of stubble burning and seasonality on microbial processes and nutrient cycling, Francis Hoyle, University of Western Australia Soil Biology and Crop Production in Western Australian Farming Systems, D.V. Murphy, N. Milton, M. Osman, F.C. Hoyle, L.K Abbott, W.R. Cookson and S. Darmawanto, University of Western Australia Nutrient...

To evaluate the effect of salinity on yield and yield related traits of Ethiopian lentil, greenhouse experiment, were conducted. Seeds of 12 Lentil accessions were grown at greenhouse (Pot) conditions with different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, and 8 dSm -1 NaCl) for 12 weeks. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in factorial combination with three replications. Data analysis was carried out using SAS software. Plant height, number of branch, number of leaves seed yield and total biological yield were evaluated. The two way ANOVA for varieties revealed statistically significant variation among lentil accession, NaCl level and their interactions (p&lt;0.001) with respect to the entire parameters.It was found that salt stress significantly decreases, Plant height, Number of branches per plant, Number of Leaves per plant, Number of pods per plant, Total biological yield per plant, and Seed yield per plant of lentil accessions. The degree of decrement varied with...