Long-Term Unemployment

Dlouhodobá nezaměstnanost bývá často interpretována jako důsledek neochoty jednotlivců najít a udržet si práci. Lidé, kteří v současné situaci obtížně nacházejí uplatnění na trhu práce, se však často potýkají s mnoha problémy, které jim brání získat a udržet si zaměstnání.
Bariéry ztěžující zaměstnání vznikají na různých úrovních a jejich účinky se vzájemně násobí. Abychom dovedli situaci těchto lidí řešit efektivně, musíme jim nabídnout podporu, která jim pomůže tyto bariéry překonávat.

This paper investigates the determinants of long-term unemployment in Poland for workers in the creative economy. Over 2,100 unemployed artists, journalists, architects, designers, craftspeople and creative industry technicians
registered in public employment agencies are examined to discover the relationship between the probability of long-term unemployment and basic socio-demographic variables, human capital characteristics, as well as type of the local labour market. The outcomes based on the sample of creative workers are compared to a study of almost 44,000 registered unemployed representing all professions. Results indicate
that such characteristics as: male gender, age under 30, married, first unemployed registration within the last three years, extensive work experience, high qualifications and multi-skilling each considerably decrease the likelihood of being
unemployed for more than 365 days, both among creative workers and among all unemployed. The strength of this influence, however, differs within these two groups, with some co-variates significantly affecting the likelihood of long-term
unemployment in the general sample. For example health, having children, or a willingness to take any job all appear to be non-significant for creative workers.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad determinantami długookresowego bezrobocia pracowników kreatywnej gospodarki w Polsce. Analizie poddano ponad 2100 bezrobotnych artystów, dziennikarzy, architektów, projektantów, rzemieślników oraz techników przemysłów kreatywnych, zarejestrowanych w powiatowych urzędach pracy.Modelowano relacje między ilorazem szans długookresowego bezrobocia a podstawowymi
zmiennymi społeczno-demograficznymi, charakterystykami kapitału ludzkiego, a także typem lokalnego rynku pracy. Rezultaty badań wśród pracowników kreatywnych zestawiono z wynikami na grupie niemal 44.000 zarejestrowanych bezrobotnych reprezentujących wszystkie zawody. Wykazano, że takie cechy jak: płeć męska, wiek poniżej 30 lat, pozostawanie w związku małżeńskim, odległy czas pierwszej rejestracji, wieloletnie doświadczenie zawodowe, wysokie kwalifikacje oraz wielozawodowość obniżają istotnie
ryzyko długotrwałego bezrobocia, zarówno w próbie kreatywnej, jak i generalnej. Siła tego wpływu różni się jednak w obu badanych populacjach. Natomiast niektóre ze zmiennych – przykładowo stan zdrowia, posiadanie dzieci lub gotowość podjęcia jakiejkolwiek pracy – determinują ryzyko długiego pozostawania bez pracy wyłącznie wśród ogółu zarejestrowanych bezrobotnych.

The purpose of the research reported here is to investigate how pathways to employment and training opportunities in the Northern Territory can be created and improved for employment disadvantaged groups. This report contains the outcomes of
the research project that spanned five months in 2004. During this time, a team of researchers from Charles Darwin University (CDU), working in close conjunction with the Northern Territory Council of Social Service (NTCOSS), Northern Territory Department of Employment, Education and Training (DEET) and the representative Steering Committee, conducted intensive literature reviews paralleled by interviews with representative clients, service providers, government agencies, advocacy and industry
groups across the Northern Territory. Regional and rural areas were targeted, as well as the areas of higher population around Alice Springs and Darwin/Palmerston. Advice on all issues related to remote locations was sought from the relevant providers and
agencies in those areas.

Many person-centered therapists provide their services on a voluntary basis wishing to enrich and expand their experiences as individuals and counselors. However, while rewarding, volunteers may also be affected by the difficulties of long-term unemployment.
In this study, nine volunteer person-centered counselors in Greece aged 22–65, holding a Diploma in person-centered counseling, were interviewed. Participants were asked about how their experiences of not finding paid work might be affecting both themselves and their client work. The results indicated that long term unemployment substantially reduces the counselors’ belief in their knowledge, skills, and counseling abilities while at the same
time introducing doubts about their choice of profession, and even the very nature of the person-centered counseling process.

Publicly subsidized employment with contributions to social security is a policy targeting particularly long-term-unemployed lacking realistic chances of labour market integration. The Forschungsbericht contains the results of an evaluation study of “Modellprojekte öffentlich geförderter Beschäftigung in NRW”. Between 2013 and 2015 in North Rhine-Westphalia publicly subsidized employment has been  implemented and combined with socio-pedagogical support by non-profit organizations.
The study comprises an implementation analysis focusing on the implementation of the socio-pedagogical support as well as analyses of the initial situation of the participants, the elements of the treatment itself and the outcomes of the treatment. The allocation and lock-in-effects among participants have been examined by means of an impact study. The research project applied a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods and collected multiple types of data.