This book chapter examines the positive and negative effects of carbohydrate consumption time on performance and aims to determine the optimal consumption range and optimal consumption amount.
Background: It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in... more
Background: It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D. Design: This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) compares the effects of a low-carbohydrate [≤40% of energy (%)] diet with those of a low-fat (≤30%) diet over a period of ≥4 wk in patients with T2D. Two investigators independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Pooled mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of a random-effects model. Results: Thirty-three RCTs and 3 CCTs (n = 2161) were included. Glycated hemoglobin declined more in people who consumed low-carbohydrate food than in those who consumed low-fat food in the short term (MD:-1.38%; 95% CI:-2.64%,-0.11%; very-low-certainty evidence). At 1 y, the MD was reduced to-0.36% (95% CI:-0.58%,-0.14%; low-certainty evidence); at 2 y, the difference had disappeared. There is low to high (majority moderate) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose, triglycerides, and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points. There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes (body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, quality of life) in response to either of the diets (very-low-to high-certainty evidence). Conclusions: Currently available data provide low-to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40% yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30% in people with T2D. This systematic review is registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID= CRD42017052467 as CRD42017052467. Am J Clin Nutr 2018;108:1-32.
En este trabajo se evaluaron los resultados en el control glucémico por medio de la media de las glucemias, obtenida a través de los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada, como también el incremento en tiempo en rango (70-180 mg/dl) de las... more
En este trabajo se evaluaron los resultados en el control glucémico por medio de la media de las glucemias, obtenida a través de los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada, como también el incremento en tiempo en rango (70-180 mg/dl) de las personas en terapia intensiva con insulina que hicieron restricciones de alimentos de forma voluntaria (sin expresa indicación médica) y de los que llevaron las restricciones al punto de seguir dietas bajas en carbohidratos.
Objectives: To identify the presence of binge eating associated or not with compensatory practices in low-carb dieters. Methods: Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Hay Questionnaire were used in order to assess the frequency of binge eating and... more
Objectives: To identify the presence of binge eating associated or not with compensatory practices in low-carb dieters. Methods: Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Hay Questionnaire were used in order to assess the frequency of binge eating and compensatory practices, in addition to a frequency questionnaire for the consumption of chocolate, bread and rice. A scale of 1-8 points assessed the carbohydrate restriction intensity, and participants were divided into groups (i) low-carb diet and (ii) control. Comparisons between groups were part of the analysis, as well as correlations between variables of interest per diet group (p < 0.05). Results: Participants were a total of 853 university students, in which 75.97% were women with an average of 22.04 years old (SD = 3.33) and an average BMI of 23.56 kg/m2, (SD = 4.38). From the aforementioned total, 214 had a low-carb diet, and 639 did not. The prevalence of a high score suggestive of binge eating without compensatory practices was 17.94% (n = 153), while the presence of binge eating associated with compensation was 2.23% (n = 19). As for the diet group, 35.05% (n = 75) also performed intermittent fasting. The diet group reached higher values for ECAP and BMI, and lower for frequency of consumption of rice and bread. Furthermore, ECAP scores correlated positively with chocolate consumption (r = + 0.14; p = 0.0377) and BMI values (r = + 0.19; p = 0.0042), whereas carbohydrate restriction showed negative correlation with chocolate consumption (r = - 0.13; p = 0.041); French bread (r = - 0.20; p = 0.0024) and rice (r = - 0.36; p <0.0001). Conclusions: We highlight the high prevalence of diet practice (25.09%), and the higher levels of binge eating in this group, as well as the lower consumption of rice and bread compared to those who did not diet.
Background It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life... more
Background
It remains uncertain which diet is best for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Objective
We compared the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction with fat restriction on markers of metabolic syndrome and quality of life in people with T2D.
Design
This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) compares the effects of a low-carbohydrate [≤40% of energy (%)] diet with those of a low-fat (≤30%) diet over a period of ≥4 wk in patients with T2D. Two investigators independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Pooled mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of a random-effects model.
Results
Thirty-three RCTs and 3 CCTs (n = 2161) were included. Glycated hemoglobin declined more in people who consumed low-carbohydrate food than in those who consumed low-fat food in the short term (MD: –1.38%; 95% CI: –2.64%, –0.11%; very-low-certainty evidence). At 1 y, the MD was reduced to –0.36% (95% CI: –0.58%, –0.14%; low-certainty evidence); at 2 y, the difference had disappeared. There is low to high (majority moderate) certainty for small improvements of unclear clinical importance in plasma glucose, triglycerides, and HDL concentrations favoring low-carbohydrate food at half of the prespecified time points. There was little to no difference in LDL concentration or any of the secondary outcomes (body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, quality of life) in response to either of the diets (very-low- to high-certainty evidence).
Conclusions
Currently available data provide low- to moderate-certainty evidence that dietary carbohydrate restriction to a maximum of 40% yields slightly better metabolic control of uncertain clinical importance than reduction in fat to a maximum of 30% in people with T2D.
Limited carbs. Unlimited flavor—the complete vegetarian cookbook Now you can enjoy hearty and heart-healthy meals in minutes. The Low-Carb Vegetarian Cookbook is the perfect way to feel full and lose weight while serving up scrumptious... more
Now you can enjoy hearty and heart-healthy meals in minutes. The Low-Carb Vegetarian Cookbook is the perfect way to feel full and lose weight while serving up scrumptious veggie dishes at home.
Featuring 100 quick, easy, and mouthwatering recipes like Avocado Almond Toast and Savory Cheesecake, this creative vegetarian cookbook will help guide you on your culinary adventure. Kick-start your low-carb meal plan today and start eating smarter, healthier, and happier in a snap.
The Low-Carb Vegetarian Cookbook contains:
Low-carb delights abound—Enjoy hearty vegetarian cookbook recipes like Savory Mushroom Masala and Vegan Cheeseburger Salad. 14-day meal plan—Explore a sample two-week menu, including low-carb options for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Pro diet tips—Get convenient, time-saving advice and simple strategies for satisfying cravings.
Stay carb-conscious and eat lots of oh so delicious dishes with this 100% vegetarian cookbook.
Low-carbohydrate diets may promote greater weight loss than does the conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Low-carbohydrate diets indeed provide “metabolic advantage,” a greater weight loss/fat loss per calorie consumed compared... more
Low-carbohydrate diets may promote greater weight loss than does the conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Low-carbohydrate diets indeed provide “metabolic advantage,” a greater weight loss/fat loss per calorie consumed compared to isocaloric (having similar caloric values) high-carb diets. Low-carbohydrate diets (LChD) have become very popular among the general population. These diets have been used to lose body weight and to ameliorate various abnormalities like diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, narcolepsy, epilepsy, and others. Reports suggest that body weight reduction and glycemic control could be attained while following LChD.
Objective Although caloric restriction is a widely used intervention to reduce body weight and insulin re-sistance, many patients are unable to comply with such dietary therapy for long periods. The clinical effec-tiveness of... more
Objective Although caloric restriction is a widely used intervention to reduce body weight and insulin re-sistance, many patients are unable to comply with such dietary therapy for long periods. The clinical effec-tiveness of low-carbohydrate diets was recently described in a position statement of Diabetes UK and a sci-entific review conducted by the American Diabetes Association. However, randomised trials of dietary inter-ventions in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a non-calorie-restricted, low-carbohydrate diet in Japanese patients unable to adhere to a calorie-restricted diet. Methods The enrolled patients were randomly allocated to receive a conventional calorie-restricted diet or low-carbohydrate diet. The patients received consultations every two months from a registered dietician for six months. We compared the effects of the two dietary interventions on glycaemic control and metabolic profiles...
