María de Molina

Autor : Navarro Palazón, Julio. Jiménez Castillo, Pedro.
Jean Passini, Ricardo Izquierdo Benito (coords.): La ciudad medieval: de la casa principal al palacio urbano: Actas del III Curso de Historia y Urbanismo Medieval. Pp. 145-188.
[ES] El presente trabajo tiene como objeto estudiar algunos aspectos poco conocidos del Alcázar Seguir de Murcia, particularmente la extensión de la finca andalusí de la que formaba parte, así como la organización de los edificios y espacios que la componían, utilizando para ello la documentación escrita cristiana de los siglos XIII y XIV. Asimismo, argumentamos las razones que nos llevan a adscribir el palacio conservado al emir Ibn Hûd al-Mutawakkil (1228-1238). Se le denominaba Alcázar Seguir, o Menor, en oposición al nombre que se le daba a la alcazaba, llamada al-Qasr al-Kabîr (Mayor) debido a su mayor importancia oficial y militar. Formó parte de una gran finca estatal situada en el arrabal septentrional de la ciudad que, además de los edificios residenciales y protocolarios, contó con baños y con extensas áreas de huertos y jardines. Tras la conquista castellana la finca fue fraccionada y entregada a diferentes personajes de la familia real y a órdenes religiosas. Posteriormente, en el siglo XIV, la parcela propiedad del rey fue concedida a las religiosas clarisas, lo que permitió que el edificio principal del palacio se conservara parcialmente dentro del monasterio de Santa Clara la real de Murcia.
[EN] This paper’s objective is the study of the lesser know aspects of the Seguir Fortress in Murcia, especially the extension of the Andalusí estate it was part of, as well as the organization of the buildings and open spaces that formed it, using written Christian documentation from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries for this purpose. At the same time, we will put forth the reasons that led us to ascribe the conserved palace to Emir Ibn Hud al-Mutawakkil (1228-1238). It is called the Seguir, or Minor, Fortress in contrast to the name given to the Alcazaba, called Al-Qasr-al-Kabir (Major) due to its greater official and military importance. It was part of an extensive state property located in the northern suburbs of the city, and which contained, in addition to the residential and protocol buildings, baths and large formal gardens and vegetable gardens. Following the Castilian conquest the estate was broken up and given to various members of the royal family and to religious orders. Later, in the fourteenth century, the lot belonging to the King was awarded to the Clarissa nuns. This allowed the main part of the building of the palace to be partially conserved within the monastery of Santa Clara de la Real in Murcia.

In the decades after the death of Alfonso X, the kings and queens of Castile seem to have been surrounded by a variegated series of images –either real objects or mental pictures– generated around several key metaphors for the Western imagery of kinship. In these works –painted or sculpted galleries of kings, historiographical texts, heraldic emblems– political and family tensions arise, revealing also the role played by images in the articulation of historical narratives and dynastic memory.

The analysis of the link between Sancho iv and María de Molina with the Mendicant Orders shows their preference for the Order of Preachers. This article analyzes that relationship from the point of view of the promotion of convents and monasteries, trying to reveal the keys to the royal model and the political culture promoted by both monarchs. Their relationships with Dominican establishments are analyzed separately because both of them took similar forms and shared objectives, but also showed notable differences. Another characteristic aspect was the development of a courtly culture in a Dominican key.

Este artículo propone estudiar los diferentes significados que la figura de María de Molina (h. 1260-1321) adquirió durante el siglo XIX en España, a través del análi-sis de su representación y presencia en diversas manifestaciones, algunas desconocidas hasta ahora. La mayoría de ellas tuvieron una lectura política muy marcada, y esta se fue adaptando a momentos históricos diferentes, desde la regencia de María Cristina de Borbón a la Restauración. Su presencia en la pintura, el grabado, la literatura y los libros de historia la consolidaron como una de las grandes heroínas de la historia medieval res-catadas del silencio durante el difícil y cambiante siglo XIX. Palabras Clave: Antonio María Esquivel, Antonio Gisbert, Carlos Múgica, María de Molina, Pintura de historia. MARIA DE MOLINA AND THE DIFFERENT READINGS ON A HEROINE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY SPAIN abstraCt: This paper focuses on the different meanings that the figure of María de Molina (h. 1260-1321) acquired during the nineteenth century Spain, based on the analysis of different manifestations, some of them unknown hitherto. Most of them provided a close marked political reading. Furthermore, they were adapted to different historical moments, from the regency of Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies to the Restoration. His presence in the painting, the engraving, the literature and the history books consolidated her as one of the great heroines of medieval history rescued from silence in the difficult and changing nineteenth century.

It was considered the obligation of the living to preserve the memories of the dead, a role predominantly carried out by women of the royal family in the medieval kingdom of Castile. This commemorative act often focused on a material object, such as a tomb, and provided an opportunity for royal women to self-fashion their own memories before death and for subsequent generations to recall specific components of their predecessors’ memory to serve present needs. In this paper, I examine the tombs of two Castilian queens, Leonor Plantagenet (d.1214) and María de Molina (d. 1321) as sources for the representation of their queenly identities. My analysis is based on a close reading of the iconography on the tombs but pays careful attention to relevant literary evidence, context, and resemblance and ‘distinctness’ in relation to the tombs of other royal women. I suggest that the imagery relating to their familial and religious roles can be used to illuminate the political roles of the queen: as an embodiment of the sacred element within the Castilian monarchy; as members and progenitors of two dynasties and their commemorative and patronal traditions; as safeguards of the memory and legitimacy of the ruling dynasty; and as wielders of power in their own right.

Durante los años finales del siglo XIII y primeras dos décadas del XIV se desarrolla un movimiento cultural en torno a una figura esencial de ese tiempo: María de Molina. En ese contexto se elaboran producciones literarias que reflejan anhelos, ideales, valores de la corte de la reina. En algunas de esas elaboraciones es posible observar la percepción que de ideas como "guerra santa", "guerra justa" o "cruzada" se tenían en ese contexto cortesano molinista. En este estudio se pretende una aproximación a ese análisis en obras como la Crónica de Fernando IV o el Libro del Caballero Zifar

Desta investigación documental e histórica destacamos os comentarios prosopográficos de membros de parentelas galegas presentes nas cortes de Castela e León entre 1284 e 1350, así como as árbores xenealóxicas dos Churrichao e dos Rodeiro e as diversas alianzas que podemos determinar en función dos parentescos e da documentación. Igualmente, documentamos a presenza de 18 trobadores na corte de Sancho IV e bosquexamos hipóteses sobre os perfís de Estevan Reimondo, Men Paez de Soutomaior e Roi Martinz d’Ulveira.