Medieval Ukraine Archaeology

The paper is represents results of searching in a field of fortified settlements (35 hilltop fortified settlements and castles). These sites were discovered by Ovruch and East-Volyn expeditions of Archaeology institute of National academy of science (Ukraine) on a territory of North Zhytomyr region (within the limits of middle age Ovruch district (called Ovruch volost) on a Ovruch mountain-ridge.
Results of investigations the core of hilltop fortified settlements in an Ovruch volost (Ovruch, Horodets’, Noryns’k, Lystvyn, Slovechne, Zbran’ky) viewed separetly. Information about new old russ hilltop fortified settlements is put into science circulation. These are such sites as Kremne – Putylovychi, Velykyi Dyvlyn – Buchmany, Ryzhany. Searching results of annalistic old russ sities Myches’k and Ushes’k and historic settlements (which are now districts centers – Korosten’, Malyn, Olevs’k, Narodychi, Volodars’k-Volyns’kyi, Luhyny, Yemil’chyne) are also expounded in details.
In a special way is investigated hilltop fortified settlements which are known in a science literature and in archaeology documents and papers of Protection Department. The partly known information about this sites necessitated a special verification.
The new prospects and issue of the day in a field of researching the hilltop fortified settlements and small towns are also briefly investigated. All these aspects are illustrated according to the methods of analizing of fortified settlements which are developed by authors.

The Russians and the Ukrainians, and indeed the Belarusians too, share an origin myth
which reaches back to the legendary Rurik’s founding of the kingdom of the Kyivan Rus However, rather than reaching fruition in the early 20th century, as was the case in much of Central Europe, the origin story was subsumed into the Soviet experiment, and only remerged after 1991. It is still very much a work in progress.
Here we will look at how the founding myth of the Rus has been used in the Ukrainian
nation building project, which will unavoidably lead to comparisons with Russia and, to a
lesser extent, other neighbouring countries such as Poland, Belarus and Lithuania. From the Normanist debate of the mid-18th century to the rise of nationalism in the 19th century and the use of the Rus in the the Soviet Union, we turn to the present with its all its historical complexity and political ramifications regarding the relationship between Ukraine and Russia.

Вміщені статті і публікації археологів та істориків України, Росії,
Угорщини– дослідників старожитностей Дніпровського Лівобережжя і Подніпров’я, укладені за результатами роботи міжнародної наукової конференції «Перещепинський скарб та його епоха» (м. Комсомольськ, 14-15 серпня 2012 р.). Видання включає наукові праці з археології раннього і розвинутого середньовіччя, археогенетики, роботи з розробки пам’яткознавчих проблем.
Для археологів, істориків, пам’яткоохоронців, працівників музеїв та краєзнавців.

This book is a publication of the Danish-Dutch-Ukrainian survey project carried out in 2007 and 2008 on both sides of Lake Dzarylgac - that is, in the hinterland of the ancient Greek settlement of Panskoe I on the Tarchankut Peninsula (Northwestern Crimea). The project was the first systematic, intensive survey in the region, and its aim was to investigate the landscape from prehistory until early modern times. The publication concludes that the region was most intensively settled in the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period. The results were spectacular: a large number of undisturbed Greek and indigenous sites were identified, which have completely changed our understanding of ancient settlement patterns in the region.

AMS 14C dating of Ostriv skeletal samples was used in order to establish the absolute chronology of the studied region and to synchronize Viking Age archaeological sites in countries of the “Baltic migrants in Kyiv Rus’. Comparative study of the 11th century Ostriv cemetery in Ukraine” pilot-study: Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland and Kaliningrad region of Russia). The Ostriv data allows: a. to compare 14C and typological dates of the same sealed deposits (in sufficient statistical sequence); b. to synchronize 14C dates of graves with similar/identical artefacts in a vast geographical area, with a distance of more than 1000 km. between sites. AMS14C dating of Ostriv 8 skeletal remains samples and 1 wood sample gives a
systematic sequence of calibrated dates, obtained in Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research of CAU (KIA) by Dr. Christian Hamann and Dr. John Meadows. All 8 dated individuals bone samples datesbased on simple calibration can be attributed to the 10th‑12th centuries, representing wide period, starting around 900 AD and ending about 1160 AD.

Studie byla publikována v roce 1966 v knize ,,Культура древней Руси: (Сб. ст., посв. 40-летию научной деятельности Н. Н. Воронина) / The study was published in 1966 in the book,, Культура древней Руси (Сб. Ст., Посв. 40 летию научной деятельности Н. Н. Воронина) / Исследование было опубликовано в 1966 году в книге,, Культура Древней Руси (Сб . Ст., Посв. 40 летию научной деятельности Н. Н. Воронина)".

In article results of excavation of two masterful XII-XIII centuries on processing pyrophyllite slate are published. To be resulted a history of archeologic researches of industrial monuments Ovruch’s range. The structure of a unique cultural layer of settlements and fillings of workshops is analyzed, the special technique of their studying is opened. All categories of industrial artefacts are separately analyzed: a shaving, mineral raw waste products, defective preparations, semifinished items and waste products of manufacture pyrophyllite spindle whorls. It is investigated trasology and traces of tools on industrial artefacts. Manufacture of daggers (cross) and fine pyrophyllite costume jewellery is briefly covered. Results of the first archeologic researches medieval quarries (pits) pyrophyllite slate are described.

У статті досліджено питання безперервності етнокультурного розвитку корінного населення
Овруччини з Х–ХІІІ ст. Генетичний зв’язок автохтонів Овруцького кряжу з руським населенням
регіону княжих часів є переконливим аргументом на користь ранньосередньовічної версії походжен-
ня українського народу.

The paper sums up results of investigations in a field of pyrophyllitic industry in the Middle Ages on a territory of Ovruch-Slovechno mountain-ridge in the end of 10th — middle of 13th cent. Author analyzes settlements and open-cast mines that were specialized in slate industry. These places were excavated during period of 1996-2009 years. It is also reviewed results of investigation of industry artifacts collections: waste and rejects of such products as spindle-whorls and beads made from pyrophyllite slate. Main directions of following study were also stated.
Besides, author analyzes problems arising with studying of pyrophyllite products collections, which comes from main city centers and regions of Old Russ.

Стаття висвітлює основні результати археологічних досліджень на ділянках просторової структури Дубна ХІІ–ХІІІ ст., таких як дитинець та острів Кемпа. У ній характеризуються культурні нашарування памʼяток та досліджені на них об’єкти. Розглядаються речові комплекси виявлені в ході робіт та особливості поховань у могильнику на острові Кемпа. Опубліковані в статті матеріали звертають увагу на прикметні риси міських ділянок літописного Дубена та доповнюють відомості про життя його мешканців.

Scientific mythologization of the history of Cherkasy region and problems of its overcoming The question of the emergence and spread of scientific myths in the history of Cherkasy region has been considered for the first time. Some of these myths are local in nature, but some have already become part of the overall narrative within Ukraine and beyond. Without reflecting real historical facts and events, they, accordingly, distort the past. The emergence of these myths is due to various circumstances: sometimes as a result of confusion, sometimes as a result of an attempt to explain an incomprehensible phenomenon or event, sometimes as a result of direct falsification. The longevity of these myths can only be explained by the lack of in-depth research and the survivability of certain stereotypes, the use of which greatly simplifies the perception of the past. The maintenance of scientific myths is typical for many scientists, who themselves are their creators and keepers. The first myths related to Cherkasy region are already recorded in the 16th century. Since then, Cherkasy has become the center of this region. And this is what almost the largest number of delusive ideas concern. Most of them concern the emergence of the city, the origin of its inhabitants, individual place-names and various events and facts. The biggest myth perceived by the population, supported by both scholars and the authorities, is the myth of the 700th anniversary of Cherkasy, which was finalized in 1986. A significant number of historical myths are also connected with other settlements of Cherkasy region. Most of them concern the emergence of villages and towns, local names, the activities of monasteries and clergy, the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks (for example, in relation to Kaniv, Trakhtemirov, Chyhyryn region, etc.). The reasons for the emergence of such myths are determined by both personal and more general factors. Identifying and uncovering myths is another important area of scholarly work that needs to be discussed and covered. After all, scientific myths are a distortion of the idea of society and its nature. Since Cherkasy region is no exception to the existence of myths among all other regions of Ukraine, the scale of their spread is becoming very large.

The study is dedicated to creation of complex archaeological map of Old Rus unfortified settlements of two considerable social anf historical formations – Galician and Volhynian lands. Such a map was created in Ukraine for the first time. The study was stipulated for the necessity to investigate the development dynamics of Old Rus' archaeological sites on every chronological stage from 10th to 13th centuries.  The source database used in the study consists of archaeological sources, added by written and linguistic ones. The complex analysis of this sources resulted in the development of the first unified database containing the data regarding the archaeological sites of Galician and Volhynian lands. The database consists of data and its analysis regarding 2659 sites, among which 1959 – unfortified rural settlements, 495 – hilltop fortified settlements, 241 – burials. On the basis of our unified archaeological sites database, the archaeological Settlement Pattern Map was developed. This Map reflects the stages of territory colonization, dominating, the peculiarities of rural settlements' functioning on the considerable territory that includes rivers' Prut, Dnister, Horyn', Styr, Western Buh, and Pryp'yat' basins. The peculiarities of material culture of rural settlements were defined and analyzed. The results of analysis of ceramic complexes from unfortified rural, and hilltop fortified settlements of Galician and Volhynian lands were used by the author for the creation of comparative tables of ceramics, which could had existed synchronously during certain period of time. The chronology exploited in the Map is based on those tables. The findings of farm implements from fortified and unfortified settlements were investigated from the chronological view. The prevailing types of farm implements among complexes of various chronological periods were defined. The remains of metallurgy, the most wide–spread rural craft, were analyzed among the settlements. As the result, the mode of this craft chronological and territorial distribution across Galician and Volhynian land was defined; the map of spreading of specialized settlements and metallurgy remains among the settlements of the region was studied by the author. The transformation of the areas and constructions of rural settlements was studied; the dynamics of sites' development in the certain micro–regions on the every chronological stage – 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th cent. – was analyzed. As a result, the complex archaeological geoinformation system of Galician and Volhynian lands' rural sites was developed.

The article presents the circumstances and context of finding a glass goblet in a woman’s grave in the Orthodox cathedral in the village of Krylos (near Halych, now in Ukraine) in 1937 and an attempt at reconstructing the shape of this find. In addition to an overview of research on this topic, the article analyses the line of argumentation reflected in the literature, the ways in which researchers used their predecessors’ findings to create their own narratives and the sources that were explored in this process. The author concludes that it still impossible to identify with certainty either the woman in whose grave the goblet had been found or the man buried close to her in a sarcophagus (Yaroslav Osmomysl?). The dating of the goblet to the 12th c. is generally not questioned. The shape of the vessel was reconstructed on the basis of the synthetic monograph Staryy Halych from 1944. For this reconstruction, it was assumed that the lower part of the vessel resembled in shape the bottoms of glass vessels excavated in Vyshhorod near Kiev in 1935, and probably in Kiev itself in 1936–1937. A similarity of the Krylos goblet to the Kiev finds had already been noted by its discoverer Yaroslav Pasternak, but this fact was overlooked in later literature. The finds from Vyshhorod were first noted by Boris A. Rybakov, whose laconic mention in the 1948 study Remeslo drevney Rusi was cited quite uncritically by later researchers. However, publications lacked details on those items, especially on their dating and the context of their finding. According to an newer article by a Ukrainian researchers (2014), the glass vessel from the grave in Krylos is now in the collection of the National Museum in Lviv. Research that is currently being done in Ukrainian and Russian archives and museums reveals new and new data on excavations carried out in the first half of the 20th c., which may prove very valuable in describing the history of the single vessel focused on in this article as well as in exploring a wide range of other topics.

The present paper deals with the fragments of a lead plate with the images of the Apostles Peter and Paul discovered in 2010 during the underwater archaeological explorations in Quarentine Bay near the coast of Byzantine Cherson. Apostles are depicted with their characteristic attributes: Peter - with the keys, Paul - with a sword. According to the opinion of authors, the plate is a eulogia-icon. The iconographic elements combined with a Latin inscription allow to attribute the icon to the products of the Western European artists and to date it by the Late Byzantine period.

Исследование было опубликовано в 1946 году в журнале ,,Краткие сообщения Института истории материальной культуры" / Studie byla zveřejněna v roce 1946 v časopise ,,Stručné zprávy  Ústavu dějin hmotné kultury" / The study was published in 1946 in the journal ,,Brief report of the Institute of History of Material Culture."

The article publishes the results of investigating settlements specializing in pyrophyllite slate processing in in Pribitki microregion (Ovruch-Slovechno mountain-ridge, Ukraine).
The structure of a unique cultural layer of settlements and fillings of workshop is analyzed, the special technique of their studying is shown. All categories of industrial artifacts are analyzed: shavings, mineral raw waste products, discarded work-pieces, half-finished items and waste from manufacturing pyrophyllite spindle-whorls. Traces of tools on industrial artifacts are studied. Manufacturing of crosses and small pyrophyllite decorations is briefly covered. The results of the first archeological research into medieval quarries (pits) of pyrophyllite slate are described.

У статті робиться спроба ідентифікації власниці золотої каблучки, виявленої під час археологічних розкопок на замчищі гетьмана Богдана Хмельницького в с. Суботів Чигиринського р-ну Черкаської обл. На основі монограми на персні робиться висновок про його можливу належність родичці Хмельницького - названій ончці Феодосії Хмельницькій

Using GIS methods for determination trends in the formation of habitation localities in a region of middle Dniester basin in the 10th–13th cent. AD.
Использование ГИС методов для определения тенденций в формировании древних населенных пунктов в бассейне Среднего Днестра в 10-13 вв. н.э.
Dragi colegi! Este o mare onoare să fii aici și să participi la această conferință!
_________
Драджі коледж! Єсте о маре оноаре са фіі аічі ші са партічіпі ля ачаста конферінціа!
Dear colleges! It`s a great honor to be here and participate this event and I`m appreciate to the organizers of the conference!
Slide 2
The historical land I want you to tell about is a princedom in the Union of medieval lands on the north of Carpathian region. It located in the middle Dniester basin and occupied an area compared with almost a half part of modern Moldova. In 11-13 cent. it was a southern border of Galych lands.
And according to a high degree of archaeological investigation this historical princedom we have an opportunity to reconstruct a medieval settlement pattern on this territory.
Slide 3
Let me get you a short background of my research. This work is a part of wider research – an archaeological map of medieval sites in a territory of Galych and Volyn lands that was gathered, analyzed and realized in my PhD research defended last year. It`s a huge database that contains almost a 3 000 archaeological sites (fortresses, rural settlements, burial places).
Slide 4
All information is organized as an Access databased and related to geoinfarmation archaeological system created by me especially for this research.
On the base of this archaeological geoinformation system a number of analytical surfaces were modeled with the aid of various tools of the Spatial Analyst software ArcMap 10.1 modules.

Slide 5
For historical land – Terebovlya princedom we verified archaeological sites (fortresses, rural settlements, etc) belongs to three periods of medieval history this land – to 10, 11, 12-13 cent.
Slide 6
So after we created a detail map of archaeological sites we could try to reconstruct the settlements of princedom and connections among them. Our previous work allowed us to combine archaeological remains of sites into settlement structure and reflect a process of inhabitation from 11 to 13 cent.
That`s why we used some analytic tools of ArcMap program and I want you to introduce some results we obtained.
Slide 7
To create a settlement from archaeological sites we directed an affirmation that into one settlement could be unite archaeological sites that is closer than 500 m to each other so they could be a part of one settlement. Here the presentation of how this instrument Multiply Buffer Ring works.
Slide 8
Here is the result of analysis isochronal sites around the center of Princedom – Terebovlya fortress, rural settlements and burials around it in 11, 12 and 13 cent.
Slide 9
As a result of analyzing isochronal archaeological sites by their distances, occupied areas, landscape conditions, accessibility of hydrology system etc.,
the settlement structures for 11th and 12th – 13th cent. were reconstructed.
Ranked by areas settlements could reflect their weight for agglomeration, roads direction and so on.
Slide 10
The results we expect to obtain are on the screen.


Slide 11
The first pattern we obtained is types of settlements and prevalence some of them in each period. As you can see there is a prevalence of rural settlements in each period and a difference between weight of fortified settlements in early period of princedom existence and later. There are also some interesting moments like burial places without any settlements near that could be explained both – degree of investigation or destroying inhabited areas somehow.
Slide 12
Here you can see that using such instrument as Multiply buffer rings for reconstructed settlement structures we can trace a clustering or agglomeration tendency around important centers.
Slide 13
The next step of analysis is realizes closer connections among settlements in each period. Here how this analysis tool works
Slide 14
And results of math analysis. Here we have a statistic confirmation the fact that our settlement patterns are not random structures. And we also obtained an average distance among each settlement – for 111 cent. It`s not over than 7 km, for 12-13 cent. that distance is not over than 3 km from one settlement to another. I want you to emphasize that it is an average distance for this territory. But still we get such pattern for medieval settlements and their connections.
Slide 15
The next analytic tools allow us to confirm an agglomeration trend using data about average distances, calculated in a previous step.
Slide 16
Here is the result of statistical confirmation of high degree agglomeration for each period.
Slide 17
And one more Spatial statistic tool we used to analyzed patterns is Multi-Distance Spatial Cluster Analysis.

Slide 18
As a result we obtained a pattern that a border for agglomeration radius is not wider than 32 km for middle age settlements on the territory of middle Dniester.
Slide 19 – slide 22
So the main patterns for inhabitation in the Middle Dniester region are about types of settlements, their closest and most far distances in agglomeration, weights and connections among center and far located settlements.
Slide 23
So, dear colleges, I would appreciate your questions if they appeared and you also can mail me to the address you see now. Thank you!

05.01.2018 – інтерв’ю журналістці видання «Газета по-українськи» Інні Удовенко
на тему грошового обігу українських земель від найдавніших часів до сьогодення та нумізматичні колекції
Національного музею історії України.

Журнал "Країна". - № 6 (409). - С. 36.
15 лютого 2018 року.


Удовенко І., Бойко-Гагарін А. Покупцям з монетами товар відпускається без черги // Країна. – № 6 (409). – Київ, 2018. – С. 36-37.

This paper deals with the capabilities of analytic tools focused at the determination of the index of the nearest neighbourhood, the mean nearest distance between synchronous sites and the determination of the near and remote countryside of fortified settlements in the territory of the Terebovl princedom of the Galich land. These issues are investigated within the framework of the archaeological geographic information system ‘The Village of the Galich and Volyn Lands. An Archaeological Map of the 10th–13th Centuries AD’. In order to create the necessary conditions for analysis the author formed a number of surfaces reflecting topography, hydrosys- tem and historical realia of the region. Type-layers of three categories of sites, i.e. non-fortified habitation sites, settlements and cemeteries reflecting the chronological sequence of the devel- opment of the region from the 10th to the 13th  century AD were created separately. On their ba- sis a number of analytical surfaces were modelled with the aid of various tools of the Analysis and Spatial Analyst software ArcMap 10.1 modules. They reflect the areas of compact settling from the earliest phases (the 10th  century), the concentration of specific groups of settlements implying different ways of settling, such as linking to fortified sites, the exclusively rural set- tling, etc. Rural settlements are investigated in the context of synchronous fortified settlements and cemeteries. It enables us to trace tentatively the neighborhood of the presumed early settle- ments and their evolution from the 10th  to the 13
century AD. From the results of the model- ling of surfaces spaced at 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30 km the mean nearest distance between synchronous sites, the near and remote countryside, etc., have been defined. A comparison of the results has shown that the near countryside of urban settlements was located at a distance up to 5 km while the remote one probably no more than at 15 km. The mean nearest distance between settlements of the 12th century AD does not exceed 7 km providing mapping of a microregion is sufficiently detailed. On the whole, the results of the modelling of surfaces show the capabilities of the use of modern geoinformational techniques in spatial archaeological investigations. They allow us to use a large volume of information on sites accumulated during one hundred plus years of the study of the region.

Studie była publikována roku 1940 v knize,, Краткие сообщения о докладах и полевых исследованиях Института истории материальной культуры "(Díl 3) / The study was published in 1940 in the book ,,Summary of the reports and field studies of the Institute of History of Material Culture"(Volume 3).

In this article analyzed the collection of pyrophyllite’s spindle whorls that was discovered on the territory of Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky region (Ukraine). Continuation of the publication: Spindle Whorls of pyrophyllite slate of Pereyaslavl of Rus’ and the surrounding area (2001).