Music Therapy

Resumen En este artículo pretendemos buscar los aspectos que confluyen en el ámbito de la musicoterapia y el arteterapia, comenzando por su definición y orígenes y siguiendo con los modelos teóricos más importantes. Al analizar los trabajos de investigación elaborados a partir de proyectos en los que se combina la práctica de las dos disciplinas, observamos la necesidad de una mayor interdisciplinareidad. Esto daría lugar a un mayor enriquecimiento de las sesiones y por tanto, del trabajo terapéutico, lo que revertiría en una mejora de la calidad de la intervención. Abstract The purpose of this article is to find the aspects that influence in the field of music therapy and art therapy, starting with its definition and origins and continuing with the major theoretical models. In analyzing the research made from projects in which the practice of the two disciplines combined, we see the need for greater interdisciplinarity. This would result in further enrichment of sessions and therefore therapeutic work, which would result in an improvement in the quality of the intervention.

Agitation is a common problem in patients suffering from dementia and encompasses a variety of behaviors such as repetitive acts, restlessness, wandering, and aggressive behaviors. Agitation reduces the probability of positive social interaction and increases the psychological and organizational burden. While medical interventions are common, there is need for complementary or alternative methods. Music intervention has been brought forward as a promising method to reduce agitation in dementia. While interventions, target groups and research designs differ, there has so far not been a systematic overview assessing the effect of music intervention for agitation in patients with dementia. A meta-analysis was conducted in order to investigate possible effects of music interventions. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Music intervention had a medium overall effect on agitation in dementia, suggesting robust clinical relevance. While the moderate number of studies does not allow for further differentiation between sub-types of music intervention, the subgroup comparisons indicated promising pathways for future systematic reviews. This meta-analysis is the first systematic and quantitative overview supporting clinically and statistically robust effects of music intervention on agitation in dementia. The analysis provides further arguments for this non-pharmacological approach and highlights needs for future systematic research reviews for the investigation of intervention types.

У статі розглядаються історія музикотерапії, як напрямку. Поняття «музика» та «музикотерапія», філософські, соціальні та психотерапевтичні аспекти. Розвиток музикотерапії та її сучасний стан. Зв'язок музикотерапії з психоаналізом та іншими терапевтичними напрямками. Музична імпровізація, як шлях у несвідоме. Annotation The article deals with the history of music therapy as a direction. The notion of «music» and «music therapy», philosophical, social and psychotherapeutic aspects. The development of music therapy and its current state. Communication of music therapy with psychoanalysis and other therapeutic directions. Musical improvisation as a way to the unconscious. «Hvor ord svigter, taler musikken». «Там, де не вистачає слів, говорить музика». Ганс Крістіан Андерсен Сучасний інтерес до музикотерапії та її популярність є невипадкові, як справедливо сказав І. Ялом в одному з інтерв'ю: «Все частіше клієнти звертаються за терапевтичною допомогою, пред'являючи смутні, невизначені скарги. Чесно кажучи, я нерідко закінчую першу консультативну сесію, не маючи чіткої картини проблем пацієнта. Той факт, що пацієнт не може визначити проблему, я розглядаю як проблему. Пацієнт скаржиться, що в його житті «чогось бракує», що він ізольований від почуттів, нарікає на порожнечу, безбарвність життя, на те, що він пливе за течією». [18] Проблеми сучасної людини важко піддаються вербалізації і в більшості носять екзистенційний характер. Музика дає людині можливість вступити у життєво важливий контакт з важкодоступними рівнями існування. І тут є важлива умова: будь-яке судження про музику досягається музичним досвідом. Відчувати та «переживати» музику-означає бути спільником у ній, бути причетним. Форми музичної поведінки діють ефективно, тому що вони несвідомі і здаються закладеними в самій природі музики.[9] ЛЬВОВ ОЛЕКСАНДР

Patients with severe aphasia are rarely treated using speech therapy. We used music therapy to continue to treat a 79-year-old patient with chronic severe aphasia. Interventions 1, 2, and 3 were to practice singing a song that the patient knew, to practice singing a song with a therapist, and to practice saying a greeting using a song with lyrics, respectively. In addition, practice of uttering names of body parts was initiated using touch and rhythm. After intervention 1, the patient could sing spontaneously and repeat lyrics. After intervention 2, she could sing with the therapist, and sing spontaneously and repeat lyrics. After intervention 3, she could memorize words with meaning, say the words in context, and use them. The patient could utter the names of two body parts after therapy with touch and rhythm. These suggest that rehabilitation therapy can still be used in patients with severe cognitive impairment.

Neurological trauma is associated with significant damage to people's pre-injury self-concept. Therapeutic songwriting has been linked with changes in self-concept and improved psychological well-being. This study analyzed the lyrics of songs composed by inpatients with neurological injuries who participated in a targeted songwriting program. The aim of this study was to understand which of the subdomains of the self-concept were the most frequently expressed in songs. An independent, deductive content analysis of 36 songs composed by 12 adults with spinal cord injury or brain injury (11 males, mean age 41 years +/- 13) were undertaken by authors 1 and 2. Deductive analysis indicated that when writing about the past self, people created songs that reflected a strong focus on family and descriptions of their personality. In contrast, there is a clear preoccupation with the physical self, on the personal self, and a tendency for spiritual and moral reflections to emerge during the...

A two-day international conference titled Music in Detention organized at the University of Goettingen in the context of a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship MUSTERMAN, held by Anna Papaeti at the Musicology Department. Keynote speakers were musicologist Suzanne G. Cusick (New York University) and music therapist Harmin Sijercic (Freedom From Torture, London).

Music therapy as a non-invasive therapeutic modality is gaining prominence worldwide both in hospital settings as an adjunct therapy as well as for community wellbeing. Music therapy offers encouraging evidence-based outcomes for stabilising vital parameters to improve symptoms associated with complex illnesses such as autism spectrum disorder or major depressive disorders. The purpose of this review is to 1) identify scientific literatures that offer insights on the effect of music therapy on oxygen saturation levels of patients undergoing treatments for diverse conditions; 2) compare the effects of music therapy based on identified parameters 3) analyse the critical reviews of the researchers of studies included in this literature scan and 4) synthesise the review findings for the benefit of future scientific researches on the effect of music therapy on oxygen saturation levels. In this review, an analysis of relevant scientific papers published in the last 80 years from 1940 to 2020 (as available) was done by searching databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Gray Literature sources such as Google Scholar, Worldcat; DOAJ, and WHO Global Index Medicus. Eighteen relevant papers describing music therapy's effect on the patient's oxygen saturation levels (under different conditions) were included in the review. The results and discussions respectively compare and analyse characteristics of included studies, music therapy administered, measuring device used, the effectiveness of music therapy on oxygen saturation levels, and critical reviews of authors of the scanned literature.

تطرح هذه الورقة رؤية لمفهوم فلسفة العزف على آلة البيانو، من منظور الافتراضات التي تقوم عليها المفاهيم الحديثة للمناهج التربوية ونتائج الدراسات السيكلوجية المتعلّقة بنظريات التعلّم، وترتكز على نموذج عالم النفس الأمريكي " جيلفورد"  Guilford ( 1897 – 1987) الثلاثي الأبعاد والمتعدد القدرات، الذي أعدّه لصياغة التكوين العقلي وقياس القدرات الإبداعية (SOI) ، والذي يمثّل إطارا عاما أو خريطة معرفية لوضع الذكاء الإنساني تحت مظلة النظرية الفلسفية العامةTheory  General Psychological ، ووصفه بمجموعه من القدرات أو الوظائف لتجهيز ومعالجة المعلومات، وأن القدرات تتحدد من خلال ثلاثة أبعاد أساسية، البعد الأول يتعلّق بالمادة أو المحتوى Content ، والبعد الثاني يتعلّق بالعمليات التي تعالج المحتوى Operations والبعد الثالث يتعلّق بالصيغ التي تنتج عن معالجة العمليات للمحتوى of the processed information  product. وهذا التناول يلفت الانتباه الى القدرة العقلية المتعلّقة بالإدراك والتعلّم والذاكرة وحل المشكلات والتفكير الابتكاري .

This project report describes policy, practice and theory related to a cross-sectoral international project funded by the European Union’s Erasmus+ programme. STALWARTS– Sustaining Teachers and Learners with the Arts: Relational Health in European Schools–aimed to promote relational health in schools through engagement with the arts. The project was developed in five European countries: Estonia, Italy, Norway, Portugal, and the UK. The local partnerships between five universities and community-based schools are diverse in terms of their locations in the European region and the populations they serve, in terms of age, social status and learning conditions. In this article we focus on the link between ELET policies in each country and local context. We ask: How can identified ELET policy initiatives in the five partner countries relate to the achievements of the STALWARTS partner schools when working with the expressive arts? Some related theoretical background underpinning the practi...

Music has been used in the acute clinical care setting as an adjunct to current treatment modalities. Previous studies have indicated that some types of music may benefit patients by reducing pain and anxiety, and may have an effect on physiological measures. To evaluate the scientific foundation for the implementation of a complementary therapy, harp playing. The research questions for this pilot study were: Does live harp playing have an effect on patient perception of anxiety, pain, and satisfaction? Does live harp playing produce statistically and clinically significant differences in physiological measures of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation? A prospective, quasiexperimental, repeated measures design was used with a convenience sampling. Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando Fla. Subjects wer eligible for the study if they were postoperative and admitted to a hard-wired-bedside-monitored room of the Vascular Thoracic ...

There are no data in the literature with regard to the acute effects of different styles of music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability in women. We conducted this study in 21 healthy women ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. We excluded persons with previous experience with musical instruments and persons who had an affinity for the song styles. We evaluated two groups: Group 1 (n = 21), who were exposed to relaxant classical baroque musical and excitatory heavy metal auditory stimulation; and Group 2 (n = 19), who were exposed to both styles of music and white noise auditory stimulation. Using earphones, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes. After the first music exposure to baroque or heavy metal music, they remained at rest for five minutes; subsequently, they were re-exposed to...

On the basis of a qualitative study  of 20 Norwegian lullaby-­‐singing parents, this article  explores the human Bildung potential  of parents’ lullaby singing  to their children at bedtime. Some parents may experience a personal re-awakening when singing as they more easily can express themselves openly and rich and get in contact with emotional layers of their own childhood. Secondly, the act may afford a sort of “musical mindfulness" - a unique as well as collective mindful and  calm  self-­‐with other-­‐cultivation.

People have always believed  that music has great power over man, that it can heal or make a man a better person. Scientific researches, that have been carried out in recent times, show  that music really causes certain physiological changes in a person and can help with the social, emotional, intellectual and physiological problems, but it is not so powerful as once believed. Music therapy also helps children with special needs. Music should serve at relaxing, improving children's motor coordination, motivating, to performing physical exercises, encouraging self-confidence, speech enhancement, communication  or  encouraging a child's social interaction. There is so called  receptive and active approach in music therapy. In the active  approach there is still a range of different methods.  Orff-method and creative music therapy in which the central activity is musical improvisation being the most prominent. We would like to devote special attention precisely these methods in our discussion because it seems that they are equally suitable to all  children regardless of the type of problems that they  have.
Key words: children with special needs, musical improvisation,  Orff -metod, creative music therapy

Cognitieve neurowetenschap maakt een enorm snelle ontwikkeling door, onder meer door een scala aan nieuwe technologieën die wetenschappers in staat stelt het brein beter waar te nemen. Artur C. Jaschke is muzikant, neuromusicoloog en als onderzoeker verbonden aan de afdeling klinische neuropsychologie, Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam. Hij bestudeert de effecten van muziek op het brein.

Rationale for the Movement to Music System Music therapy is the creative use of music and its elements by an accredited music therapist to restore, maintain, and improve mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health. Music's structural, nonverbal and stimulating ...

I offer an autoethnographic inquiry into the process of finding one’s way out of the maze of mental illness; it is an examination of how in the course of creating music to express my suffering from bipolar disorder, I found a poetic and musical expression for my soul. Making music gradually moved my focus away from illness toward imagination and creativity and brought about a major shift in my positioning in terms of my identity, helping me to construct the selfhood of an artist rather than that of an ill person. This transformation is explored in the context of India’s music and spiritual tradition and the Western framework of resource-oriented music therapy, an approach that prioritizes participant empowerment and uses music for self-care.
Keywords: music therapy, poetry, bipolar disorder, narrative reconstruction, autoethnography, rehabilitation, self-healing, Indian ragas

Citation: Sharma, P. (2014). Making song, making sanity- Recovery from Bipolar disorder. Canadian Journal of Music Therapy, 20(1), 2014, pp.65-84

People with stroke or Parkinson's disease (PD) live with reduced mood, social participation and quality of life (QOL). Communication difficulties affect 90% of people with PD (dysarthria) and over 33% of people with stroke (aphasia). These consequences are disabling in many ways. However, as singing is typically still possible, its therapeutic use is of increasing interest. This article explores the experiences of and factors influencing participation in choral singing therapy (CST) by people with stroke or PD and their significant others. Participants (eight people with stroke, six with PD) were recruited from a community music therapy choir running CST. Significant others (seven for stroke, two for PD) were also recruited. Supported communication methods were used as needed to undertake semi-structured interviews (total N = 23). Thematic analysis indicated participants had many unmet needs associated with their condition, which motivated them to explore self-management options...

The profession would benefit from greater and routine generation of causal evidence pertaining to the impact of music therapy interventions on client outcomes. One way to meet this goal is to revisit the use of Single Case Designs (SCDs) in clinical practice and research endeavors in music therapy. Given the appropriate setting and goals, this design can be accomplished with small sample sizes and it is often appropriate for studying music therapy interventions. In this article, we promote and discuss implementation of SCD studies in music therapy settings, review the meaning of internal study validity and by extension the notion of causality, and describe two of the most commonly used SCDs to demonstrate how they can help generate causal evidence to inform the field. In closing, we describe the need for replication and future meta-analysis of SCD studies completed in music therapy settings. SCD studies are both feasible and appropriate for use in music therapy clinical practice set...

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disease that causes widespread pain and increased sensitivity to pain because of a dysfunction in the central nervous system. This study investigated the effect of music combined with vibration on acupuncture points for the treatment of FM. A total of 120 patients with FM were allocated randomly to four groups (30 patients each). One group listened to a sequence of Bach's compositions. The second group was subjected to vibratory stimuli on a combination of acupuncture points on the skin. The third group (complete) underwent both procedures in a simultaneous and synchronized manner, with inclusion of binaural beats. The fourth group (control) received no stimulation. The participants underwent the experimental procedure during five sessions performed on alternate days. They were assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) before the first session and after the last session (20 days). All groups showe...

Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of music therapy with general recreational day activities in reducing agitation in people with dementia, residing in nursing home facilities.Methods In a randomised controlled design, residents with dementia (n = 94) were allocated to either music therapy or recreational activities. Both music therapy and general activities were offered twice weekly for 4 months. Changes in agitation were measured with a modified Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) at four intervals on each intervention day. A mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy, compared with general activities, on CMAI scores at 4 h after the intervention, controlled for CMAI scores at 1 h before the session and session number.ResultsData were analysed for 77 residents (43 randomised to music therapy and 34 to general activities). In both groups, the intervention resulted in a decrease in agitated behaviours from 1 h before to 4 h aft...