Nature tourism

Why did thousands of nineteenth-century artists leave the established urban centers of culture to live and work in the countryside? By 1900, there were over eighty rural artists’ communities across northern and central Europe. This is the first book to offer a critical analysis of this important phenomenon on a Europe-wide basis. Nina Lübbren combines close visual readings of little-known paintings with an innovative multidisciplinary approach, drawing on sociology, geography, and theories of tourism.

Rural artists’ colonies have been unjustly neglected by an art history preoccupied with the urban avant-garde. Yet these communities hatched some of the most exciting innovations of late nineteenth-century painting. Moreover, the practices and images of rural artists articulated central concerns of urban middle-class audiences, in particular the yearning for a nostalgia-imbued life that was considered authentic, premodern, and immersed in nature. Paradoxically, it was precisely this perception that placed artists’ colonies firmly within modernity, mainly through their contribution to an emergent mass tourism.

This book presents a series of possible future scenarios in wildlife and animal tourism by combining critical thinking and imagination to stimulate reflection and ways forward. The future of wildlife tourism faces uncertainties that revolve around many factors, including climate change, mass wildlife extinction, human population growth, deforestation, sustainability and ethical assumptions. For wildlife tourism to meet these challenges, new ways of thinking are necessary. The chapters in this volume focus on future wildlife tourism development and management; the experiental value, educational components and ethical relevance of tourism-animal encounters; and the technology applied to wildlife tourism. They offer critically-imagined futures in order to encourage readers to reflect on the possibility of shaping a better future. The book will appeal to researchers, students and practitioners in wildlife tourism, environmental studies, sustainability and conservation. MORE info about the content and possibility to order here: https://www.multilingual-matters.com/page/detail/?k=9781845418168

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The books includes 13 intriguing and creative chapters that will make you reflect on important issues such as sustainability, ethics, human-animal relations, wildlife, nature, tourism, the tragedy of the commons, technology, innovation, alternative futures and dragons.

This paper explores local perception and preferences concerning the development of nature tourism in Hong Kong. The results of a sample of local residents (n = 376) confirm a domestic market of relatively older, better educated and higher income residents who generally display a moderate overall interest in nature tourism. From the perspectives of host and user, local residents consider the promotion and expansion of infrastructure to be important for increasing the attractiveness of nature tourism. However, the respondents also take divergent attitudes towards promoting nature tourism to the Mainland visitors, such that three distinctive groups are identified. The conflicting views of local people on nature tourism, and low confidence in the government's ability to handle tourism impact, create a considerable obstacle and unsuitable timing for the development of nature tourism in Hong Kong, unless it is coupled with an ease in tensions and the presence of a long-term nature tourism strategy.

With its golden beaches, beautiful mountains, rich history and frenetic nightlife, Lebanon has long relied on tourism as an important source of national income. Tourism was once a very important contributor to Lebanon's economy. The war in Lebanon (1975-1991) has not only resulted in hundred thousands of deaths, injuries and the displacement of locals in governorates across the nation, but it has also damaged seriously its economy and infrastructure and especially devastated the tourism industry, leaving guides, agencies and shop owners without a source of steady income. In the years since 1991, Lebanon has attempted to rebuild much of its physical and economic infrastructure but tourism has yet to return to its pre-war levels.
Even if the tourism statistics on Lebanon are not reliable and even with all the insecurity remaining and all the ups and downs, the tourism sector was one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy in the past several years and that until the beginning of the Syrian crisis. During that period there has been a steady 10 to 14 percent increase in the number of tourists. As a result of this influx of tourists, several new hotels, guest houses, restaurants and nightclubs were established in Lebanon to host the potential increasing tourist flow and development touristic projects took place, supported sometimes by the international community.
In 2011, the Lebanese economy is cornered between a war in Syrian and a helpless public sector. The proximity to Syria, regular influx of refugees, ongoing cattle rustling and tension of border conflicts are concerns to any potential investor in the tourism sector. Rising political and sectarian tensions, a Lebanon travel ban by Gulf countries, and the impact of the war ravaging neighboring Syria have combined to decline badly tourism. Restaurants, nightclubs and hotels are reporting a drastic decline in business since the beginning of the year. For the past year, travel agents have suffered massive losses.
One of the main obstacles to the tourism industry is insecurity but there are some other bottlenecks too. The growth of this sector is linked to the need for high attention to the country’s infrastructure, the accessibility within rural areas. For sustainable tourism development through product diversification the government and other stakeholders need to develop facilities and especially to plan for a marketing strategy. Through this article we will try to explore solutions to develop a strategic planning for sustainable tourism in Lebanon.

Özet Turizm destinasyonlarının etkin bir şekilde yönetilebilmesi ve pazarlanabilmesi için, doğru planlama elzemdir. Plansız bir gelişim, beklenen getiriyi sağlayamadığı gibi bölge kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğini de olumsuz etkileyecektir. Bu sebeple destinasyon için amaç ve hedefler belirlenmeden önce turizm potansiyeli değerlendirilmekte ve envanter çalışmaları yürütülmektedir. Kastamonu birçok turistik arz kaynağına sahip olmakla birlikte bu kaynakların ortaya konduğu ve sınıflandırıldığı kapsamlı bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Bu eksiklik destinasyon paydaşları katılımının olduğu çalıştay, sempozyum gibi toplantılarda sıklıkla dile getirilmektedir. Bu sebeple araştırmada Kastamonu genelinde tüm turizm arz kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi ve tek bir kaynakta toplanması planlanmıştır. Tasnifte ve okumada kolaylık sağlaması açısından ilçeler bazında bir envanter oluşturulmasına karar verilmiştir. Bu sayede ilçelerin öncelikli olarak odaklanması gereken turizm türlerini belirleyerek akademik bir katkı sunmak hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Kastamonu ilinin başat turistik çekiciliğinin tabiat turizmi alt türleri ve doğa sporu faaliyetleri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türlerin gerçekleştirildiği ilçelere ilişkin veriler tek tabloda sunulmuştur. Abstract Correct planning is essential for the efficient management and marketing of tourism destinations. An unplanned development will not provide the expected return and will negatively affect the sustainability of the regional resources. For this reason, tourism potential is evaluated and inventory studies are carried out before the goals and targets are determined for the destination. Although Kastamonu has many touristic supply resources, no comprehensive research has been conducted in which these resources are put forward and classified. This deficiency is frequently mentioned in meetings such as workshops and symposiums with the participation of destination stakeholders. For this reason, it is planned to evaluate all tourism supply resources in Kastamonu and to gather them in a single source. It was decided to create an inventory by districts for ease of classification and reading. In this way, it is aimed to make an academic contribution by identifying the types of tourism that districts should primarily focus on. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the main tourist attraction of Kastamonu province is the sub-types of nature tourism and nature sports activities. The data related to the districts where the species were performed are presented in a single table.

This paper discusses the potential and the sustainability of developing nature-based tourism in Hong Kong based on local resident and tourist perspectives. Two separate demand-side and supply-side indicator sets are empirically tested with two samples of Hong Kong residents (n = 97) and tourists (n = 93). Both the levels of importance and performance of these indicators are rated by the respondents, and the importance–performance differences are verified. Two resultant grids from the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) present the condition of nature-based tourism in Hong Kong. The performance scores are further entered into regression analysis, which generates two separate demand-side and supply-side models revealing the satisfaction of the locals and the tourists. The findings offer both theoretical construct and policy recommendations for the development and sustainability of nature-based tourism in Hong Kong.

El presente trabajo pretende estudiar las principales características del turismo de bienestar holístico y su relación con las prácticas en turismo sostenible, así como investigar el potencial del destino turístico de Menorca, para el desarrollo de un producto turístico de este tipo. Para ello se han utilizado métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, para la revisión de la literatura; el estudio de documentos e informes sectoriales de instituciones turísticas, expertos en el sector y otros campos de trabajo estrechamente relacionados con el turismo de bienestar, el desarrollo turístico y la sostenibilidad; y la recopilación de datos para averiguar la percepción de los viajeros en este ámbito del turismo de bienestar, así como del estado de la cuestión del producto wellness en Menorca. Para ello se han elaborado cuestionarios dirigidos tanto a la demanda potencial del mercado de bienestar, como a empresarios de bienestar del sector turístico. El resultado del trabajo pone de manifiesto que el turismo de bienestar se configura como un mercado altamente productivo y con un elevado ritmo de crecimiento, y que concretamente los productos de turismo de bienestar desarrollados en contextos de ecoturismo y rurales como el de Menorca conforman uno de los segmentos con mayores expectativas de recuperación para el mercado dentro del contexto COVID. Asimismo, se ha detectado como principal freno para el desarrollo de este producto, la falta de una estrategia en la isla de Menorca, a diferencia de otras islas de las Baleares como Mallorca, donde el producto de bienestar se posiciona como uno de los más interesantes para el desarrollo turístico de la isla.



This paper aims to study the main characteristics of holistic wellness tourism and its relationship with practices in sustainable tourism, as well as to investigate the potential of the Menorca tourist destination for the development of a holistic wellness tourism product. For this, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to review the literature; the study of documents and sector reports of tourism institutions, experts in the sector and other fields of work closely related to wellness tourism, tourism development and sustainability; and the collection of data to find out the perception of travellers in this area of wellness tourism, as well as the situation of the wellness product in Menorca. To this end, questionnaires have been prepared aimed both at the potential demand of the wellness market, and at wellness entrepreneurs in the tourism sector. The result of the work shows that wellness tourism is configured as a highly productive market with a high growth rate, and that specifically holistic wellness products developed in ecotourism and rural contexts such as Menorca make up one of the segments with higher expectations of recovery for the tourism market within the COVID context. Likewise, the lack of a strategy on the island of Menorca, unlike other Balearic Islands such as Mallorca, where the wellness product is positioned as one of the most interesting, has also been detected as the main brake on the development of this product. for the tourist development of the island.

In the first period when the development discourse emerged, it aimed at the realization of development nation-statewide. The existence of different development region within the nation-state, have been tried to be solved with integrated development plans. With the 1970s years, the change in the form of production has led to differentiation in the approach to the regions defined as backward / depressed. The most important indicator of these differences is the transition from the remove of regional development differences to the regional capital accumulation. In Turkey, as the indicators of this process, new region definitions have emerged and also has tried to expose the attractive aspects of these region in order for these regions to compete with different regions. In recent years, various plans and projects have been created for this purpose. The focus of this work is on the effort to understand the Yeşil Yol Project, one of these plan-projects, bearing the claim to bring the Doğu Karadeniz Region into an attractive position by branding. After the basic information about the project was given, it was tried to be revealed how Yeşil Yol Project was evaluated by transhumant people living in Rize Çamlıhemşin district.

"Der Adler- und Wolfspark Kasselburg befindet sich in landschaftlich attraktiver Lage und zudem in einem zumindest saisonal touristisch hoch frequentierten Umfeld inmitten der Vulkaneifel. Er ist zudem über die „Deutsche Wildstraße“ mit drei weiteren Wildparks der Region vernetzt und mit dem Kfz gut erreichbar.
Trotz dieser positiven Basisvoraussetzungen ging die Besuchernachfrage in den letzten zehn Jahren um etwa ein Drittel zurück. Die Vermutung lag daher nahe, dass das Produktangebot auf eine schrumpfende Zielgruppe trifft und somit eine Qualitätsüberprüfung oder sogar eine Neuausrichtung des Angebots erforderlich sein würde.
Die Besucherstruktur und damit die Hauptzielgruppe ist von 36 bis 49 Jährigen Fa-milien geprägt, die im Durchschnitt zwei junge Kinder mitbrachten. Paare und Freunde und Bekannte stehen an zweiter bzw. dritter Stelle. Das Bildungs- und Ein-kommensniveau der Befragten ist eher durchschnittlich. In punkto Lebensstil ist der Besucher des Parks tendenziell ein outdoor-orientierter und zu ruhigen Aktivitäten neigender Familienmensch.
Drei Viertel der Besucher stammen aus Deutschland und über die Hälfte der deut-schen Besucher kommen aus dem Landkreis Vulkaneifel oder den angrenzenden Kreisen. Dennoch ist der Anteil der Tagesausflügler ziemlich gering, sie sind nämlich insgesamt nur zu einem Drittel in der Stichprobe vertreten. Der Ein-zugsbereich des Parks ist mit etwa 100 km relativ gering und bei weitem nicht optimal ausgeschöpft. Es sollte versucht werden, mehr Regionsbevölkerung in den Park zu locken. Insbesondere Familien aus der Region weisen eine geringe Wildparkerfahrung auf. Hierbei gilt es v. a. das Informationsdefizit dieser Besuchergruppe durch eine aktive Vermarktung zu überwinden.
Durch das Angebot von Events wie z. B. der „Kinderrittertag“ am 22.07.2007 können überproportional viele Regionsbesucher mobilisiert werden. Dies bedeutet jedoch, dass die Qualität der Events den Ansprüchen der Tagesausflügler gerecht werden sollte, damit sie als Wiederholungsbesucher in Frage kommen können.
Besonders wichtig für die Parkauslastung sind dagegen die zumeist niederlän-dischen Übernachtungsgäste, die v. a. an Wochentagen für eine gewisse So-ckelfrequenz sorgen. Sie besichtigen den Park oft im Rahmen längerer Regionsauf-enthalte aus einem eher spontanen bzw. zufälligen Antrieb heraus. Sie werden hauptsächlich durch Informationsmaterial ihrer jeweiligen Unterkunftsbetriebe auf den Park aufmerksam.
Die Besuchsmotivation und -erwartungen sind entscheidend durch das Interesse an den Wildtieren in intakter, entspannender Natur geprägt. Fast der Hälfte aller Parkbesucher ist zudem der Informations- und Bildungswert wichtig. Nur etwa jeder Vierte reiste explizit wegen der Freiflugvorführungen an. Außerdem spielt die Burganlage für die Hälfte aller Gäste eine wichtige Rolle bei der Wahl des Parks als Ausflugsziel.
Das generelle Interesse der Parkbesucher an Wildparks ist allerdings eher durch-schnittlich. Drei Viertel der Befragten hatten in den letzten zwei Jahren nicht öfter als zwei Mal einem ähnlichen Park einen Besuch abgestattet. Am häufigsten wurde dabei der Wildpark Daun genannt, der somit das Hauptkonkurrenzangebot dar-stellt. Der Adler- und Wolfspark wird eher als eine auf dem Weg liegende Sehens-würdigkeit wahrgenommen, die in das Urlaubsprogramm aufgenommen wird, ohne jedoch ex ante bewusste Vorfreude bzw. Begeisterung ex post auszulösen.
Die Gesamtzufriedenheit der Besucher liegt mit 1,8 auf einem recht guten Niveau. Jedoch bezeichnet sich lediglich ein Drittel als „sehr zufrieden“. Außerdem ist eine hohe Diskrepanz zwischen Weiterempfehlungs- und Wiederbesuchsabsicht festzustellen, die auf ein Zufriedenheitsdefizit hindeutet. Die hohe Gesamtzufriedenheit ergibt sich aus der Besucherstruktur. Viele der Über-nachtungsgäste, die zwei Drittel aller Befragten stellen, besuchen den Park zum ersten Mal und hegen im Rahmen ihres Gesamturlaubs eine etwas geringere Erwartungshaltung. Besucher mit Wildparkerfahrung sowie anspruchsvollere Besucher aus der Region vergeben allerdings etwas schlechtere Noten. Ferner fehlt den weniger Zufriedenen ein breiteres Angebot an Bildungs- und Unterhaltungselementen.
Dies bedeutet, dass die Kundenbindung nicht funktioniert. Unter den Befragten befanden sich lediglich ein Drittel Mehrfachbesucher, deren letzter Besuch im Um-fang von nahezu der Hälfte bereits mehr als zwei Jahre zurückliegt. Angesichts der sinkenden Besucherzahlen geht somit der Anteil zufriedener Wiederholungsbesucher kontinuierlich zurück. Bedenklich ist des Weiteren, dass unter den Erstbesuchern nur eine geringe Neigung zum Wiederbesuch trotz hoher Zufriedenheitswerte besteht.
Der Adler- und Wolfspark wird zwar als Ganztagesziel wahrgenommen, jedoch be-trägt die tatsächliche Aufenthaltsdauer nur knapp drei Stunden im Mittel. Dies liegt auch daran, dass viele Angebote, insbesondere im unteren Parkteil, nicht ge-nutzt werden. Hier wäre z. B. auch eine attraktive Übersichtskarte über die Park-angebote sehr hilfreich.
Ferner sind die Ankunfts- und Abreisezeiten sehr ungleichmäßig, v. a. um die Mit-tagszeit kommen weniger Besucher an bzw. verlassen den Park bereits. Dies ist nicht förderlich für die Gastronomie, die dementsprechend nur geringe Umsätze erzielt. Es sollte insgesamt versucht werden, durch eine Umgestaltung der Ein-gangsituation sowie mittels einer koordinierten Eventplanung den Umsatz der Bereiche Gastronomie und Souvenirs zu erhöhen.
Zu den positiven Elementen zählen der Burgturm, die Freiflugvorführungen, das Wildschweingehege sowie der Abenteuerspielplatz.
Ein großes Potenzial für die Erhöhung der Gesamtzufriedenheit liegt dagegen in
 der Qualitätsüberprüfung der Gastronomie,
 der Beschilderung,
 der Preisstrukturen im Verhältnis zu den angebotenen Leistungen sowie in
 der Aufwertung der Angebotselemente des unteren Parkteils, die besonders stark mit der Gesamtnote korrelieren.
Zudem sollte versucht werden, auch anspruchsvollere Zielgruppen zu erreichen und an den Park zu binden. Dies wären z. B. Angebote für Familien mit älteren Kindern sowie für Paare mit einem höheren Anspruch an Interaktivität, Bildung und nicht zuletzt auch Unterhaltung.
Eine Ausweitung der Vermarktungsaktivitäten, die sich insbesondere an die Re-gionsbevölkerung richten sollte, ist erst auf der Basis einer erweiterten Produkt-palette bzw. einer erhöhten Produktqualität sinnvoll, in diesem Fall jedoch un-bedingt notwendig.
Neben den hier bereits angedeuteten Status-Quo orientierten Handlungsempfehlungen sollte langfristig überlegt werden, ob möglicherweise eine Entscheidung für eine klare strategische Positionierung getroffen werden sollte.
"

Bireylerin sürekli yaşadıkları sosyo-kültürel ve fiziksel çevrelerinde deneyimlemiş oldukları bir takım olumsuzluklar onları doğaya yöneltmekte ve adına Doğa Turizmi denilen niş bir pazarı oluşturmaktadır. Bu pazar turizm etkinliklerinin sağlamış olduğu ekonomik kazanımlardan yararlanmak isteyen ülke, bölge ve varış noktaları için önemli bir turistik çekicilik niteliği taşımaktadır. Ancak bu potansiyelin efektif turistik talebe dönüştürülmesi doğrudan ve dolaylı dağıtım kanalları aracılığıyla sunulmaları halinde olanaklı olmaktadır. Doğa Turizmi serbest malların oluşturduğu bir niteliğe sahiptir. Bu yönüyle tüketicilerin bedelsiz yararlanabilecekleri bir potansiyeli de bünyesinde bulundurmaktadır. Bu bakış açısıyla herhangi bir ülke, bölge veya varış noktasının Doğa Turizmi’nden gelir elde edebilmesi varış noktasında örgütlü turizm paydaşlarının sunacakları turistik paketlerin pazarlanması halinde olanaklı olacaktır. Bu açıdan yaklaşıldığında seyahat aracılarının özel bir işlev üstlenmeleri gerektiği ifade edilebilir. Kastamonu son yıllarda sahip olduğu doğal güzellikleriyle Doğa Turizmi açısından marka bir varış noktası olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Buna rağmen Kastamonu’ya yönelik Doğa Turizmi talebinin günümüzde oldukça az olduğu görülmektedir. Kastamonu’nun sahip olduğu doğal güzelliklerin ekonomik çıktılara dönüşecek birer turistik paket olarak değerlenmesi, ilde etkinlik gösteren seyahat acentaları tarafından sunulan seçeneklerle olanaklıdır. Anlatılanlar ışığında bu araştırmada Kastamonu il sınırları içerisinde etkinlik gösteren seyahat acentalarının Doğa Turizmi stratejileri araştırma konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı Kastamonu’da etkinlik gösteren seyahat acentalarının Doğa Turizmi stratejilerinin ve düzenlemiş oldukları tur paketlerinin neler olduklarının saptanmasıdır. Araştırma sorularına geçerli ve güvenilir yanıtlar bulabilmek için bir görüşme formu geliştirilmiştir. İl çapında etkinlik gösteren seyahat acentalarının tamamına ulaşılarak tam sayım yapılmak istenmiştir. Yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla yüz yüze ve e-posta aracılığıyla yürütülen çalışmalarda elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları Kastamonu il sınırları içerisinde etkinlik gösteren seyahat acentalarının Doğa Turizmi stratejilerinin bulunmadığını, Doğa Turizmi olarak kabul edilebilecek herhangi bir paket tur olanağı sunmadıklarını ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğa Turizmi, yerel seyahat acentaları, pazarlama stratejisi, Doğa Turizmi paketleri, Kastamonu

Geography as a discipline plays a great significance in identifying, assessing of human and natural landscapes. Divjakë-Karavasta National Park represents area under the study, aiming evaluating the natural landscape, rural landscape created in settlements areas, recognition of the values of natural and cultural heritage of the Park from the youth. The paper makes an estimation of the natural situation, with focus features of geographical position, geological formation, relief, climate, leaks and water surfaces, the natural flora and the creation of a consequent natural landscape. Also it evaluates anthropogenic factor as influential in area modelling. 150 students, of Divjaka High School, were involved in the realization of a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge that the National Park is featured. Processing was performed with SPSS program. The obtained results showed an average level of knowing of landscape's park information among youth, like the fact that respondents recognize a part of the monuments of nature, but partly recognize their characteristics, etc.

Resumo

O presente projeto pretende, a partir da caracterização patrimonial da Reserva Natural do Paul de Arzila (RNPA) e da sua situação atual, expor um conjunto de medidas que visam a sua revalorização. Num primeiro momento, analisar-se-á o Paul, bem como os processos que originaram a sua classificação. De seguida, desenvolver-se-á uma análise crítica da situação presente na RNPA. Esta centra-se na existência de uma problemática patrimonial e identitária relacionada com o Paul, em grande parte consequência do modo como se operou a sua classificação como património natural. A classificação contribuiu para a existência de um
afastamento em relação ao Paul por parte das populações, cessando, assim, a maioria das suas práticas que contribuíam para o sustento das famílias. Algumas dessas práticas relacionavamse com a existência de manifestações artesanais, como a construção de instrumentos de pesca
e a manufatura de esteiras.
A ausência de atividades agrícolas no Paul, aliadas à situação financeira da Reserva Natural, contribuíram para um desleixo da sua manutenção. A Reserva apresenta, também, problemas ao nível da sua divulgação e dos programas e atividades direcionados aos visitantes. Estas situações originaram críticas de ambas as partes e uma monotonia que se reflete no decréscimo do número de visitantes.
Numa tentativa de resolução dos problemas existentes, o projeto propõe um plano de valorização. Este plano apresenta possíveis soluções de financiamento, promoção, divulgação e diversidade de programas. Estas propostas têm como principais objetivos a captação de visitantes, a reaproximação das populações ao Paul e a preservação das manifestações culturais que representam a identidade das populações.

Palavras-chave: Património Natural, Património Cultural, Identidade, Valorização, Turismo de Natureza, Atividades

Abstract

The present project intends to, from the patrimonial characterization of the Natural Reserve of the Paul de Arzila (RNPA) and their current situation, expose a set of measures for its revalorization. At first, analyze the Paul, as well as the processes that led to its classification. Then, will develop a critical analysis of the present situation in RNPA. The situation focuses on the existence of a heritage and identity problems related to Paul, largely as a result of the way they operated their classification as natural heritage. The classificatio has contributed to the existence of a removal from Paul on the part of the populations, ceasing, as well, most of its practices that contributed to the sustenance of families. Some of these practices related with the existence of craft demonstrations, such as the construction of fishing instruments and manufacture of mats.
The absence of agricultural activities in Paul, combined with the financial situation of the Natural Reserve, contributed to a neglect of its maintenance. The reservation features, too, problems at the level of its dissemination and the programs and activities targeted to visitors.
These situations led to criticism from both parties and a monotony that is reflected in the decrease of the number of visitors.
In an attempt to resolve the existing problems, the project proposes a valorization plan.
This plan presents possible solutions for financing, promotion, disclosure and diversity of programs. These proposals have as main objectives the attraction of visitors, the rapprochement of the peoples to Paul and the preservation of the cultural events that represent
the identity of the populations.

Keywords: Natural Heritage, Cultural Heritage, Identity, Valorization, Nature Tourism, Activities

Kearsley, G. and G. Croy (2001) The Sustainable Tourism Programme: A Review. Dunedin, Public Policy Research Institute, University of Otago.
Natural areas around the world have been used as sites of recreation, leisure and tourism for centuries (Butler and Boyd 2000). In the past fifty years, however, we have seen an enormous expansion in the numbers and types of users. Participants used to be almost exclusively male, better-educated, active recreationists (Booth 1989), but they have been joined in recent years by a broader range of users, including women and older people.
In New Zealand, natural area recreation has a long tradition; today it is heavily promoted internationally as a fundamental part of the national tourist product. The “100% Pure” campaign by Tourism New Zealand, actively sells New Zealand’s natural areas. Hence, the New Zealand the Conservation Estate has played an increasing role in New Zealand tourism, recreation and leisure (Booth and Simmons 2000; Hall and Kearsley 2001). It is estimated that over half of New Zealand’s 1.9 million international tourists visit the front country every year, and that one third of New Zealanders visit the national parks (Booth and Peebles 1995). The Department of Conservation, as the manager of much of these areas, is being faced with increasingly significant impacts of crowding and displacement (Kearsley, Coughlan, Higham, Higham and Thyne 1998; Kearsley, Russell, Croy and Mitchell 2001). These impacts are predominately occurring, not surprisingly, in the accessible areas of the Conservation Estate’s front country (Vaske, Donnelly and Whittaker 2000). To contextualise this further, following is an excerpt from the initial report produced from these projects (Kearsley, Coughlan, Higham, Higham and Thyne 1998: 1-2)....

This work aims to treat the relationship of man with nature and the greater awareness this relationship entails. I believe that it is crucial, nowadays, to invoke the related themes of Environment and Nature, due to all the changes that have been taking place. Nature Photography can play a pedagogical role, making use of the aesthetic aspect to lead to a greater awareness of the relationship mentioned before. I intend not only to appeal to a more sustainable and ecological attitude in everyday life, but also to more sustainable and conscious forms of leisure, such as Rural and Nature Tourism.
Based on research papers and articles on photography in a more general aspect, it will demonstrate how photography has developed itself alongside science, as in to capture natural phenomena (including a nature in itself, such as landscapes and animal behavior); and also the consultation of nature photography books and papers in particular, focusing on British and Portuguese cases, legislation and biodiversity (with greater detail in the case of birds located in Portugal). I will also investigate Nature and Rural Tourism’s thesis, will also be explored in order to explain how the different typologies of Ecotourism, Nature Tourism and Rural Tourism can play a pedagogical role with a diverse offer of activities. I hope that this essay will invite the reader to reflect on the proposed theme and how one can make a difference. I call for greater activism and collective responsibility so that the planet Earth can withstand human action, which so far has been highly destructive and disrespectful.




Keywords: Photography, Nature, Nature Tourism, Ecotourism, Awareness.