Novice

The quality care concept in the health care delivery system continues to remain elusive and subjective despite many theories and models of nursing care provision that were developed many decades ago. Those endeavoring to understand and engage in quality improvements require an in-depth understanding of the various views from key stakeholders of the health care services. This particular survey focused on the aspect of nursing care recipients (novice student nurses) that were particularly engaged to solicit their views on the quality of the current nursing care services in the Zambian health care institutions. Respondents expressed their views as experienced in different institutions where they were attended to at one point in time. Aim: The study aimed at determining the novice student nurses’ perception of quality nursing care. Design: Purposive sampling of pre-nursing students was done to identify and select the appropriate sample to constitute the study. The total number of students sampled was sixteen and only eight returned the questionnaires. The apparently apathetic low response by the respondents could be attributed to the coinciding of the data collection and the end of term final examinations. Tools: A self-administered structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Ethical considerations: Permission was sort from Rusangu administration to conduct this study and an informed consent was given to each participant to sign before engaging them in the study. The purpose and objectives of the study were explained to the participants before carrying out the study. Results: Results indicated that 62% of the respondents did not approve of the quality of care they received from the nurses during their encounter with the health care system. The respondents listed elements which they thought could have constituted their care at the time of their last encounter with the nursing services at the hospital. They preferred to be treated in a holistic and individualized approach characterized by respect, love, kindness, good communication, trusting relationship, good interpersonal relationship, in a clean environment and being nursed by staff who engaged in continuing education. Recommendations: Study should be conducted at a larger scale to enable generalization of results and there was need to conduct a comparative study of both the health care provider’s and client perspective of quality care provision so that the two views would guide the development of a care framework.

Şagird sözünün şifahi ədəbiyyatımızdakı arxaik ifadə forması olan şəyirdlik klassik təlim sistemində peşə tərbiyəsi metodunun adıdır. Orta əsr türkdilli mənbələrdə çıraq adlandırılan bu metodun yaranma tarixi qədim Misir və Mesopotamiya dövrünə qədər uzanır. Əsasən, uşağa əməyi sevdirmək və peşə öyrətmək mexanizmi olan bu qədim təlim forması daha sonra sənətin hər sahəsində tətbiq edilmişdir. Nəticədə qədim və orta əsrlər tariximizdə usta-çıraq və ya usta-şəyird adlandırılan xüsusi bir münasibət sistemi formalaşmışdır. Ölkəmizdə, əsasən, aşıq sənətində qorunan belə öyrənmə metodu bir çox Şərq ölkələrində başlıca peşə tərbiyə metodu olaraq bu gün də davam edir. Kapitalizmdən əvvəlki əmək əlaqələrinin homogen olmayan öyrənmə nisbətini təşkil edən şəyirdliyin həyat münasibətlərinin davamlılığından yarandığı iddia edilir. Məsləki bir fəaliyyət və biliyin nəsildən-nəslə ötürülməsinin bəsit formasını təşkil edən belə təlim-tərbiyə metoduna demək olar ki, dünyanın bütün mədəniyyətlərində rast gəlinir. Lakin bu təlim-tərbiyə anlayışının müasir rasionalist, praqmatist və marksist iqtisadi nəzəriyyəçilərin və onların fikirlərinə tərəfdar çıxan tədqiqatçıların iddia etdikləri kimi sırf əmək-bilik münasibətlərindən yarandığını güman etmək məsələnin mahiyyətini tam təhlil etmək baxımından problemlidir. Çünki bu münasibət sisteminin dərin rituallara bağlı mistik tərəflərinin olduğuna dair çox sayda tarixi məlumat mövcuddur. Məsələnin tarixi dərinliyini, mövzuya dair müxtəlif elmi yanaşma tərzlərinin olduğunu, zamanla özünün ilkin məna və məzmununu dəyişib, fərqli formalar aldığını diqqətə alaraq bu məqalədə, əsasən, klassik Azərbaycan təhsil sistemində uşaqların təlim-tərbiyə metodu olaraq şəyirdlik üzərində durulması qərarlaşdırlmışdır.

The apprenticeship is a form of expression in our oral literature that is the name of the method of teaching in the classical teaching system. The origin of this method, which is used in medieval Turkic sources as “chiraq” (novice), extends to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia period. Basically, this ancient form of learning, which is a mechanism for teaching and advising the child, was then applied in every area of art. As a result of this, in ancient and medieval history, it was formed a special system of communication, called "usta-çıraq" (master-apprentice or novice) or "master-student”. This method of learning, which is mainly maintained by Ashug (old narrative and musical tradition) art in our country, continues today to be the main method of education in many Eastern countries. It is claimed that pre-capitalist labor relations arose from the continuation of apprenticeship in relations that constitute the proportion of non-homogenous learning. Such a method of teaching and education, which is the basic form of the transmission of knowledge from one generation to another, is found in almost every culture in the world. However, it is difficult to fully comprehend the essence of this issue, as the modern rationalist, pragmatist, and Marxist economic theorists, as well as researchers who support their views, claim that it has emerged only from labor and knowledge relations. Because there is a great deal of historical evidence that this system of attitudes has mystical aspects related to deep rituals. Taking into account the historical depth of the issue, the different scientific approaches to the subject, and the fact that it has changed its original meaning and content over time. in this article it was decided to focus primarily on the Apprenticeship system as a method of teaching children in classical Azerbaijani education.

Complex hand dexterity is fundamental to our interactions with the physical, social, and cultural environment. Dexterity can be an expression of creativity and precision in a range of activities, including musical performance. Little is understood about complex hand dexterity or how virtuoso expertise is acquired, due to the versatility of movement combinations available to complete any given task. This has historically limited progress of the field because of difficulties in measuring movements of the hand. Recent developments in methods of motion capture and analysis mean it is now possible to explore the intricate movements of the hand and fingers. These methods allow us insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning complex hand dexterity and motor learning. They also allow investigation into the key factors that contribute to injury, recovery and functional compensation. The application of such analytical techniques within musical performance provides a multidisciplinary framework for purposeful investigation into the process of learning and skill acquisition in instrumental performance. These highly skilled manual and cognitive tasks present the ultimate achievement in complex hand dexterity. This paper will review methods of assessing instrumental performance in music, focusing specifically on biomechanical measurement and the associated technical challenges faced when measuring highly dexterous activities.

The advent of system-wide accessibility services on mainstream touch-based smartphones has been a major point of inclusion for blind and visually impaired people. Ever since, researchers aimed to improve the accessibility of specific tasks, such text-entry and gestural interaction. However, little work aimed to understand and improve the overall accessibility of these devices in real world settings. In this paper, we present an eight-week long study with five novice blind participants where we seek to understand major concerns, expectations, challenges, barriers, and experiences with smartphones. The study included pre-adoption and weekly interviews, weekly controlled task assessments, and in-the wild system-wide usage. Our results show that mastering these devices is an arduous and long task, confirming the users' initial concerns. We report on accessibility barriers experienced throughout the study, which could not be encountered in task-based laboratorial settings. Finally, w...

Non-visual text-entry for people with visual impairments has focused mostly on the comparison of input techniques reporting on performance measures, such as accuracy and speed. While researchers have been able to establish that non-visual input is slow and error prone, there is little understanding on how to improve it. To develop a richer characterization of typing performance, we conducted a longitudinal study with five novice blind users. For eight weeks, we collected in-situ usage data and conducted weekly laboratory assessment sessions. This paper presents a thorough analysis of typing performance that goes beyond traditional aggregated measures of text-entry and reports on character-level errors and touch measures. Our findings show that users improve over time, even though it is at a slow rate (0.3 WPM per week). Substitutions are the most common type of error and have a significant impact on entry rates. In addition to text input data, we analyzed touch behaviors, looking at...

Background: Attention is one of the brain’s most crucial cognitive functions playing a key role in performing motor
skills. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant
attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump. Methods: Fifteen skilled
(volleyball and basketball players) and fifteen novices (aged 19 to 27 years) were recruited. The task was the standing
long jump test which was executed 9 times under 3 conditions (3 trials per condition). Participants in the control
condition did not receive any attentional instruction. In task-relevant attentional cues condition, participants were
instructed to focus on their ongoing skill and avoid paying attention to matters unrelated to the task. In task-irrelevant
attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on sound and after each jump expressed what had
been the musical content. Kinematic data of knee joint was recorded by an 8-camera motion analysis system. Results:
The result of mixed ANOVA showed that both novice and skilled groups had significantly greater jump distance
and smaller initial knee angle in task-irrelevant attentional cues condition compared to task-relevant attentional cues
condition (p = .001) and control condition (p = .001). There were no significant differences between the control and
task-relevant attentional cues condition (p > .05). Conclusions: The result showed that focusing attention on taskirrelevant attentional cues improves standing long jump performance of both novice and skilled jumpers