Ontology Web Language

Ontologies have gotten a lot of interest as a knowledge representation
approach in recent years. However, constructing an ontology manually can
be a difficult task. The alternative way is to automate the ontology
construction, either by performing a semi or fully-automatic approach. In
this paper, we will conduct a systematic literature review that will focus on a comparative analysis of different techniques relating to both semi and fullyautomatic ontology construction using several techniques and an automated approach applied. The goal is to identify the distribution, methodology, automated part, evaluation method, main tools, and technologies used to construct the automatic ontology. This paper will review academic documents published in peer-reviewed venues from 2017 to 2021, based on a four-step selection process of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion for the selection process. To examine these documents, a systematic review was conducted and five main research questions were answered. The results indicate that automatic ontology construction could give higher complexity, shorter time, and reduce the role of the expert knowledge to evaluate ontology than manual ontology construction. Finally, we summarize the most commonly used methods in automatic ontology construction, which we believe will serve as a foundation for future multidisciplinary research.