Orexins
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Most cited papers in Orexins
Stress is considered to be an important cause of disrupted sleep and insomnia. However, controlled and experimental studies in rodents indicate that effects of stress on sleep–wake regulation are complex and may strongly depend on the... more
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many studies have demonstrated a role of hypocretin 1 (orexin 1) receptors in home-cage food consumption in rodents. However, the role of these receptors in operant food self-administration or relapse to food... more
There is an unmet need of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for migraine patients. Exercise can be used in the treatment of several pain conditions, including. However, what exact role exercise plays in migraine... more
Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a rare and severe sleep disorder caused by the destruction of orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. The genetic and environmental factors associated with narcolepsy, together with serologic data,... more
Cardiac arrest (CA) entails significant risks of coma resulting in poor neurological and behavioral outcomes after resuscitation. Significant subsequent morbidity and mortality in post-CA patients are largely due to the cerebral and... more
Orexin neurons, and activation of orexin receptors, are generally thought to be sympathoexcitatory; however, the functional connectivity between orexin neurons and a likely sympathetic target, the hypothalamic spinally projecting neurons... more
The present study describes the nuclear organization of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic and orexinergic systems in the brains of the springhare and Beecroft’s scaly-tailed squirrel following immunohistochemical labelling.... more
Several neurotransmitter systems and circulating factors regulate rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM (NREM) sleep, and wakefulness (W). The nuclei involved in the occurrence of W are located in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and the... more
To evaluate the reliability of nocturnal sleep dynamics in the differential diagnosis of central disorders of hypersomnolence. Cross-sectional. Sleep laboratory. One hundred seventy-five patients with hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy type... more
Narcolepsy with cataplexy is tightly associated with the HLA class II allele DQB1*06:02. Evidence indicates a complex contribution of HLA class II genes to narcolepsy susceptibility with a recent independent association with HLA-DPB1. The... more
The loss of specific neuronal phenotypes, as determined by immunohistochemistry, has become a powerful tool for identifying the nature and cause of neurological diseases. Here we show that the number of neurons identified and quantified... more
Neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B, which are exclusively produced by neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area, play an important role in the regulation of a wide range of behaviors and homeostatic processes, including regulation of... more
Basic experiments support the impact of hypocretin on hyperarousal and motivated state required for increasing drug craving. Our aim was to assess the frequencies of smoking, alcohol and drug use, abuse and dependence in narcolepsy type 1... more
Cardiac arrest (CA) affects >550,000 people annually in the United States whereas 80–90% of survivors suffer from a comatose state. Arousal from coma is critical for recovery, but mechanisms of arousal are undefined. Orexin-A, a... more
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexinergic neurons project to numerous brain regions implicated in pain perception, including the CA1 part of the hippocampal formation. Moreover, the roles of orexin receptors (OXRs) in the CA1 in... more
Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder of relapsing sleepiness. The hypothesis was that the syndrome is related to a change in the vigilance peptide orexin A. From 2002 to 2013, 57 patients with relapsing hypersomnolence were... more
Orexins or hypocretins are neurotransmitters produced by a small population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. This family of peptides modulates sleep‑wake cycle, arousal and feeding behaviors; however, the mechanisms regulating... more
BPH/2J mice are a genetic model of hypertension associated with an overactive sympathetic nervous system. Orexin is a neuropeptide which influences sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Orexin precursor mRNA expression is greater in... more
Type 1 narcolepsy is caused by deficiency of hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin. An autoimmune basis is suspected, but no specific antibodies, either causative or as biomarkers, have been identified. However, the AS03 adjuvanted split virion... more
Though overlapping in distribution through the hypothalamus, orexin (Orx) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons play opposite roles in the regulation of sleep-wake states. Orx neurons discharge during waking, whereas MCH neurons... more
Evidence of impaired function of orexin neurons has been found in individuals with cardiorespiratory disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but the mechanisms responsible are unknown.... more
Nicotine is known to affect the metabolism of glucose; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated whether nicotine promoted the central regulation of glucose metabolism, which is closely linked to... more
While the neural control of glucoregulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia is beginning to be elucidated, brain sites responsible for behavioral responses to hypoglycemia are relatively poorly understood. To help elucidate... more
GnRH neurons integrate internal and external cues to control sexual maturation and fertility. Homeostasis of energy balance and food intake correlates strongly with the status of reproduction. Neuropeptides secreted by the hypothalamus... more
Orexins are peptide neurotransmitters which are produced in the lateral and posterior part of the hypothalamus in the brain. There are two Orexin receptors which has been identified till date viz. Orexin 1 (OX 1) and Orexin 2 (OX 2... more