CSF

Objectives: There is no accurate test for diagnosing normal pressure hydrocephalus or for screening for patients
who will benefit from shunt surgery. Additional tests, such as cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSF-TT), are often
used in practice to provide further predictive value in detecting suitable patients for shunting. We performed a
systematic review of the literature to evaluate the CSF-TT's effect on the outcome of main symptoms and on validity
parameters in screening patients suitable for shunting.
Methods: In February 2015 we searched electronic databases from their inception to the current date, using the
following key words: normal pressure hydrocephalus, idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus, shunt operation,
CSF tap test, predictive value, validity. The search retrieved 8 articles explicitly addressing the topic.
Results: There was a very high positive predictive value of CSF-TT: 92% (range from 73% to 100%) but a low negative
predictive value: 37% (18%–50%). Also, the CSF-TT has high specificity: 75% (33%–100%) but average sensitivity:
58% (26%–87%). The overall accuracy of the test was 62% (45%–83%).
Conclusions: This systematic review did not provide unambiguous validity of the CSF-TT in the screening of patients
for shunting. The validity of the CSF-TT is good for patient inclusion for shunting due to the fact that the
positive response to the test is very reliable. Unfortunately, the negative response to the test does not reliably
make these patients ineligible for shunting. Further studies are needed to improve and standardize the methodology
in order to optimize the detection power of the test.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without evident cause. The exact pathogenesis of IIH remains elusive but it is also plausible that the syndrome represents the common final pathway of several different mechanisms. IIH has an estimated incidence of 1-3 per 100,000 and a predilec-tion for obese women of childbearing age. Presentation involves symptomatology and semiology of elevated intracranial pressure, with headache being the most common symptom. Visual disturbances can be devastating, progressive, and may result in permanent visual loss. Moreover, pulsatile tinnitus is frequently encountered. However, asymptomatic presentations are also not uncommon, with patients diagnosed after routine ophthalmological examination illustrates papilledema. Diagnosis is based upon Friedman's criteria. Absence of hydrocephalus or mass lesion and normal cer-ebrospinal fluid composition need to be confirmed. Several treatment modalities have been suggested, varying from non-surgical (weight loss, drugs such as acetazolamide, serial lumbar punctures) to interventional and surgical (cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures, optic nerve sheath fenestration, endovascular venous sinus stenting, or even bariatric surgery). There are very few randomized controlled trials that critically assess these therapies and, consequently, no consensus currently exists on the optimal management of IIH.

CRAAS provides the system needed to perform a Cybersecurity architecture technical and procedure risk assessment analysis.  In essence, CRAAS is a foundational Holistic Cybersecurity Architecture development system.  CRAAS enables someone that is preparing a detailed Cybersecurity Architecture Project or preparing a business decision to buy tools, build a Cybersecurity Architecture or baseline to measure an organization's Cybersecurity Architecture Risk Posture.

Cyber Warfare can escalate to nuclear warfare.  While this idea insults our sensibilities to a degree, the concept must be examined and argued.  The Trump Presidency has upped the Cyber Warfare offensive response to the Cyber bad guys.  This, in turn, lowers the nuclear threshold.  We must prepare for Cyber Warfare Escalation to Nuclear Warfare.

Lingkungan dunia yang mengalami perubahan seperti adanya globalisasi, kontrol masyarakat, perkembangan teknologi, memberikan dampak bagi perkembangan suatu negara maupun bisnis. Kontrol masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pemerintahan maupun perusahaan, sehingga pemerintah maupun pemimpin perusahaan tidak dapat membuat kebijakan yang mengabaikan kepentingan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu dalam menjalankan kegiatannya perlu adanya keselarasan antara kompetensi yang dimiliki perusahaan maupun pemerintah dengan lingkungan yang ada di luar organisasi (perusahaan dan pemerintah).
Di era globalisasi sekarang ini, memiliki strategi bisnis yang biasa-biasa saja tidak cukup untuk menghadapi persaingan yang semakin ketat. Persaingan yang memunculkan daya saing erat kaitannya dengan pemahaman mekanisme pasar (standar dan benchmarking), kecepatan dan ketepatan penyampaian produk (barang dan jasa) yang mampu menciptakan nilai tambah. Dibutuhkan suatu keunggulan kompetitif dalam persaingan bisnis sekarang ini. Perusahaan dituntut untuk merumuskan perencanaan strategik dengan memanfaatkan sistem dan teknologi informasi. Strategi yang direncanakan harus dapat beradaptasi terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Keberlangsungan hidup suatu perusahaan dipengaruhi oleh keuntungan / laba dan profit. Keuntungan didapat dari pelanggan. Oleh karena itu pelanggan merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Perusahaan harus dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan permintaan pelanggan dengan harga rendah namun tetap menghasilkan laba bagi perusahaan.
Tujuan utama yang diharapkan oleh suatu perusahaan dalam kegiatan usahanya adalah mencapai laba atau nilai yang optimal dengan menggunakan sumberdaya secara efektif dan efisien untuk kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Dalam usaha pencapaian tujuan perusahaan, pihak-pihak yang terlibat paling dominan adalah pihak manajemen dan para pemegang saham. Guna mencapai tujuan perusahaan tersebut, pihak manajemen memiliki tujuan untuk mempertahankan keberhasilan yang akan dicapai dengan melihat kelemahan dan kekuatan yang terdapat dalam perusahaan serta menjalankan kebijaksanaan perusahaan dengan baik dan tepat. Kebijaksanaan tersebut meliputi bidang Pemasaran, Keuangan, Sumberdaya Manusia, Produksi dan sebagainya sehingga memerlukan tinjauan manajemen strategi tertentu.
Manajemen  strategi  merupakan  proses  atau  rangkaian  kegiatan  pengambilan keputusan  yang  bersifat  mendasar dan  menyeluruh, disertai  penetapan  cara melaksanakanya, yang dibuat oleh pimpinan dan diimplementasikan oleh  seluruh jajaran  didalam  suatu  organisasi, untuk mencapai tujuan. Menopang manajemen strategis tergantung pada manajer mendapat pengertian mengenai pesaing, pasar, harga, pemasok, distributor, pemerintah, kreditor, pemegang saham dan pelanggan diseluruh dunia. Harga dan mutu dari produk dan jasa perusahaan harus dapat bersaing di seluruh dunia, bukan hanya di pasar lokal.
Oleh karena itu PT Nestle Indonesia membutuhkan perancanaan strategi sistem informasi menggunakan alat bantu seperti analisis BSC, CSF dan SWOT dalam menciptakan rencana strategik yang sesuai visi misi perusahaan agar perusahaan selalu memiliki keunggulan kompetitif.

PT Yuniko Asia Prima merupakan perusahaan tekstil yang memperdagangkan benang dan kain. Dalam menjalankan bisnisnya, perusahaan ini menjalankan transaksinya baik secara tunai maupun kredit. Dalam proses bisnisnya, terdapat beberapa bagian yang belum optimal, seperti pembuatan laporan masih bersifat sederhana dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel, sehingga belum berteknologi basis data dan terintegrasi satu sama lain antara laporan penjualan dan laporan pelunasan. Hal tsb menyebabkan sulitnya melihat status kredit suatu pelanggan, yang mengakibatkan sulitnya pengambilan keputusan untuk pemberian kredit.  Selain permasalahan proses binsis, terdapat pula permasalahan dari segi investasi SI/TI yang cukup mahal yaitu kebutuhan mesin untuk produksi yang disebabkan perubahan teknologi pada mesin industri yang cepat mengalami perubahan.
Pada era teknologi seperti sekarang ini, teknologi informasi sangat dibutuhkan oleh setiap perusahaan agar memiliki keunggulan kompetitif. Perusahaan dituntut untuk merumuskan perencanaan stratejik dengan memanfaatkan sistem dan teknologi informasi. Sistem dan teknologi informasi dapat menjadi alat pendukung keberhasilan jika dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan benar. Pengolahan data yang cepat, teknologi basis data, dan perolehan informasi yang singkat adalah salah satu dari manfaat teknologi informasi saat ini. Hal ini sangat mempengaruhi dunia bisnis dalam pengambilan keputusan yang cepat, tepat, dan mengurangi kesalahan yang disebabkan oleh manusia (human error). Pendekatan teknologi informasi dapat menjawab permasalahan diatas, dengan memanfaatkan TI dan SI dapat membawa perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik jika digunakan secara efektif dan efisien. SI dan TI yang tidak terbatas ruang dan waktu dapat membuat perubahan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan secara efektif dalam rangka memenangkan persaingan. Oleh karena itu perlu dibuat perencanaan strategis SI yang baik. Salah satunya adalah dengan metode dari John Ward dan Joe Peppard seperti metode analisis PEST, analisa CSF, Balanced Scorecard, analisis value chain. Lalu ada juga Lima Model Persaingan Porter dan analisis SWOT serta Peta Strategis McFarlan.
Dengan adanya penelitian ini akan menghasilkan manajemen sistem informasi serta perencanaan strategis SI yang bermanfaat bagi perusahaan.

Kata kunci : Perencanaan Strategis SI, Value Chain,  Peta Strategi Informasi, PEST, SWOT, Porter 5 Forces Model, CSF, Peta Strategis Mc Farlan

BACKGROUND To define the efficacy, complication profile and cost of surgical options for treating idiopathic intracranial hy-pertension (IIH) with respect to the following endpoints: vision and headache improvement, normal CSF pressure restoration , papilloedema resolution, relapse rate, operative complications , cost of intervention and quality of life.
METHODS A systematic review of the surgical treatment of IIH was carried out. Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from 1985 to 2014 to identify all relevant manuscripts written in English. Additional studies were identified by searching the references of retrieved papers and relative narrative reviews. RESULTS
Forty-one (41) studies were included (36 case series and 5 case reports), totalling 728 patients. Three hundred forty-one patients were treated with optic nerve sheath fenes-tration (ONSF), 128 patients with lumboperitoneal shunting (LPS), 72 patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS), 155 patients with venous sinus stenting and 32 patients with bariatric surgery. ONSF showed considerable efficacy in vision improvement, while CSF shunting had a superior headache response. Venous sinus stenting demonstrated satisfactory results in both vision and headache improvement along with the best complication profile and low relapse rate, but longer follow-up periods are needed. The complication rate of bariatric surgery was high when compared to other interventions and visual outcomes have not been reported adequately. ONSF had the lowest cost. CONCLUSIONS No surgical modality proved to be clearly superior to any other in IIH management. However, in certain contexts, a given approach appears more justified. Therefore, a treatment algorithm has been formulated, based on the extracted evidence of this review. The traditional treatment paradigm may need to be reexamined with sinus stenting as a first-line treatment modality.

"Purpose – This research aims to develop a framework for measuring readiness level of Business Intelligence (BI) implementation.
Design/methodology/approach –  We formulated our farmework by using Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of BI implementation. The weight of each dimension in the framework is determined by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The validation of the model is performed by involving five (5) BI experts.
Findings – The proposed framework comprises of three categories: organizational, process and technology. The number of aspects for organizational, process and technology are nine, four, and five respectively. Among other aspects, strategic alignment, committed management support and sponsorship, clear vision and well-established business case, and business-centric championship and balanced team composition are considered the most important aspects to measure BI implementation readiness.
Practical implication – In order to gain success in BI implementation, it is necessary that organizations conduct assessment on its current condition to identify their weaknesses.
Originality/value – We proposed a framework for measuring BI implementation readiness, which is currently unavailable. Current researchs in BI mainly focus in the implementation aspects, whereas our research focuses on pre-implementation aspects.We hope by considering our proposed framework, organizetions can provide better BI services in its implementation, thus BI gives more value to help organization in decision making.   
"

In the last few decades, an exponential increase in the number of disasters, and their complexity has been reported, which ultimately put much pressure on relief organizations. These organizations cannot usually respond to the disaster on their own, and therefore, all actors involved in relief efforts should have end-to-end synchronization in order to provide relief effectively and efficiently. Consequently, to smoothen the flow of relief operation, a shared understanding of critical success factors in humanitarian supply chain serves as a prerequisite for successful relief operation. Therefore, any member of the humanitarian supply chain might disrupt this synchronization by neglecting one or several of these critical success factors. However, in this study, we try to investigate how faith-based and non-faith-based relief organizations treat these critical success factors. Moreover, we also try to identify any differences between Islamic and Christian relief organizations in identifying and prioritizing these factors. To achieve the objective of this study, we used a two-stage approach; in the first stage, we collected the critical success factors from existing humanitarian literature. Whereas, in the second stage, using an online questionnaire, we collected data on the importance of selected factors from humanitarian relief organizations from around the world in collaboration with World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO). Later, responses were analyzed to answer the research questions using non-parametric Binomial and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. Test results indicate that for RQ1, two but all factors are significant for successful relief operation. For RQ2, we found significant differences for some CSF among faith-based and non-faith-based relief organizations. Similarly for RQ3, we found significant differences for some CSF among Islamic and Christian relief organizations.

Scientific research is an indispensable pillar in higher medical education in Cuba. One of the strategies highlighted in this 2015 fourth edition is the «Henrich Quincke» research grants, organised by the Central Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Laboratory (LABCEL), and for which outstanding students in this country, and from all over the world, participate. Its aim is to boost the development of scientific research in general and as regards the study and research of the cerebrospinal fluid. A group of prominent professors and researchers of the faculty and other universities is the area that will have future researchers. The scholarship, devoted to the prestigious German doctor who performed the first lumbar puncture, will consist of specialist seminars and arduous laboratory work, as well as the use of rational thinking not just oriented towards the logical, but also to the learning and development of theoretical and practical skills.

The assessment of the PFI’ CSFs used Cognitive Mapping as the analytical tool to analyse the qualitative data obtained in interviews to PFI’s stakeholders. It is considered a ‘neutral’ tool, in that the ideas and structure developed express the representation of the PFI project. The methodological approach to identify the CSFs avoids subjective interpretations and combines the perceptions of actual PFI’ stakeholders and is based on the PFI’ operational issues. It is Inductive rather than Deductive where conclusions are drawn from general principles assumed to be true

The blood-brain barrier is essential for the proper homeostasis and function of the CNS, but its mechanism of function is poorly understood. Perivascular cells surrounding brain blood vessels are thought to be important for blood-brain barrier establishment, but their roles are not well defined. Here, we describe a novel perivascular cell population closely associated with blood vessels on the zebrafish brain. Based on similarities in their morphology, location, and scavenger behavior, these cells appear to be the zebrafish equivalent of cells variably characterized as Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells (FGPs), perivascular macrophages, or 'Mato Cells' in mammals. Despite their macrophage-like morphology and perivascular location, zebrafish FGPs appear molecularly most similar to lymphatic endothelium, and our imaging studies suggest that these cells emerge by differentiation from endothelium of the optic choroidal vascular plexus. Our findings provide the first report of a perivascular cell population in the brain derived from vascular endothelium.

This master's thesis deals with the subject of implementation of a new ERP system in a multinational company. The thesis has two main goals. One of them is to identify The Critical Success Factors of ERP implementation project, which is the main topic of the theoretical part of this thesis. This chapter also focuses on 4 case studies on influential ERP implementations in multinational companies. The second goal of this thesis is to put together a set of recommendations for the management of multinational companies that would be going through the implementation of a new ERP system. This goal is reached through the findings from both the theoretical and practical parts of this thesis. The practical part studies project Simplify which is a huge ERP implementation project being run in HP Inc. company. This chapter deals with the specifics of the Simplify project such as implementation plan, implementation approach, the functional structure of the project or implementation goals. The...

La Función de Sensibilidad al Contraste (CSF) nos proporciona una buena información sobre la calidad del sistema visual de modo que las diferentes modificaciones en la CSF pueden indicar distintos tipos de problemas visuales, ya sean de tipo óptico, patológico o neurológico. Teniendo en cuenta estas consideraciones es necesario disponer de un buen sistema de medida que permita determinar la CSF con precisión, intentando que los errores sistemáticos sean mínimos y no alteren el valor absoluto de las medidas.

This paper confers on investigation of a direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor drive by 3 level neutral point clamp (NPC) multilevel inverter. The imbalance problem may deteriorate the electric drive performances which might cause a short circuit condition. Various balancing control strategies were proposed, however, most of them employed complex space vector modulation (SVM) and hysteresis-based controller that generates variable switching frequencies. The proposed method will offer a reliable balancing control strategy with a constant switching frequency, and moreover, it will provide excellent electric drive performances. This research proposed a new multi carrier switching modulation strategy that establish a high-band-width control for neutral point potential in the NPC inverter. Potency of the proposed high-bandwidth potential balancing strategy is validated through the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

We studied, using a data-driven approach, how different combinations of diagnostic tests contribute to the differential diagnosis of dementia. In this multicenter study, we included 356 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 87 frontotemporal dementia, 61 dementia with Lewy bodies, 38 vascular dementia, and 302 controls. We used a classifier to assess accuracy for individual performance and combinations of cognitive tests, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and automated magnetic resonance imaging features for pairwise differentiation between dementia types. Cognitive tests had good performance in separating any type of dementia from controls. Cerebrospinal fluid optimally contributed to identifying Alzheimer's disease, whereas magnetic resonance imaging features aided in separating vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia. Combining diagnostic tests increased the accuracy, with balanced accuracies ranging from 78% to 97%. Different diagnostic tests...

The aims of this research were to explore and understand ICT acquisition in Jordanian universities using the qualitative case study approach through a variety of face-to-face semi-structured interviews, a documentation review and direct observation. Four Jordanian universities have been investigated, both public and private, which vary in size. The study used deductive analysis techniques to identify the key issues of the research model. This research also aimed to build a model for the critical success factors (CSF) influencing ICT adoption in universities. Accordingly, the findings of the study are relevant to educational systems to evaluate the implementation of ICT, the innovation and its acceptance within university life. This study embarked on implementing ICT within four adoption stages. Many factors played a role in the relatively accelerated adoption of ICT in Jordanian universities. ICT diffusion led the change is at a variety of university levels: personal, organisational...

The blood-brain barrier is essential for the proper homeostasis and function of the CNS, but its mechanism of function is poorly understood. Perivascular cells surrounding brain blood vessels are thought to be important for blood-brain barrier establishment, but their roles are not well defined. Here, we describe a novel perivascular cell population closely associated with blood vessels on the zebrafish brain. Based on similarities in their morphology, location, and scavenger behavior, these cells appear to be the zebrafish equivalent of cells variably characterized as Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells (FGPs), perivascular macrophages, or ‘Mato Cells’ in mammals. Despite their macrophage-like morphology and perivascular location, zebrafish FGPs appear molecularly most similar to lymphatic endothelium, and our imaging studies suggest that these cells emerge by differentiation from endothelium of the optic choroidal vascular plexus. Our findings provide the first report of a peri...

This paper discusses about direct torque control of Brushless DC motor by injecting the triangular waveform and using PI controller in order to reduce the torque and obtain constant switching frequency. Brushless DC motor are widely used in applications which require wide range of speed and torque control because of robust, longer lifespan, faster torque response and able to operate at high speed. Unlike conventional three phase DTC of induction machine (IM), the proposed DTC approach introduces two phase conduction mode. Besides that, the magnitude flux is considered constant in which the results only gains from constant torque region. Thus, the flux control loop is eliminated while implement this scheme. Using the triangular waveform that will be compare with actual torque, the proper switching pattern can be selected to control the generated torque and reducing commutation torque ripple. The torque response depends on the speed of the stator flux linkage which is directly controlled by selecting appropriate voltage space vectors from a look-up table to make sure the torque error within the band. The validity of the proposed control scheme for constant switching frequency and reduce torque ripple are verified through simulation and experimental results.

The goal of this study is to investigate the value of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181P) in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker panel for differential dementia diagnosis in autopsy confirmed AD and non-AD patients. The study population consisted of 140 autopsy confirmed AD and 77 autopsy confirmed non-AD dementia patients. CSF concentrations of amyloid-β peptide of 42 amino acids (Aβ1–42), total tau protein (T-tau), and P-tau181P were determined with single analyte ELISA-kits (INNOTEST®, Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to obtain area under the curve (AUC) values and to define optimal cutoff values to discriminate AD from pooled and individual non-AD groups. ROC curve analyses were only performed on biomarkers and ratios that differed significantly between the groups. Pairwise comparison of AUC values was performed by means of DeLong tests. The Aβ1–42/P-tau181P ratio (AUC = 0.770) performed significantly better than Aβ1–42 (AUC = 0.677, P = 0.004), T-tau (AUC = 0.592, P < 0.001), and Aβ1–42/T-tau (AUC = 0.678, P = 0.001), while P-tau181P (AUC = 0.720) performed significantly better than T-tau (AUC = 0.592, P < 0.001) to discriminate between AD and the pooled non-AD group. When comparing AD and the individual non-AD diagnoses, Aβ1–42/P-tau181P (AUC = 0.894) discriminated AD from frontotemporal dementia significantly better than Aβ1–42 (AUC = 0.776, P = 0.020) and T-tau (AUC = 0.746, P = 0.004), while P-tau181P/T-tau (AUC = 0.958) significantly improved the differentiation between AD and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as compared to Aβ1–42 (AUC = 0.688, P = 0.004), T-tau (AUC = 0.874, P = 0.040), and Aβ1–42/P-tau181P (AUC = 0.760, P = 0.003). In conclusion, this study demonstrates P-tau181P is an essential component of the AD CSF biomarker panel, and combined assessment of Aβ1–42, T-tau, and P-tau181P renders, to present date, the highest diagnostic power to discriminate between AD and non-AD dementias.