Organisms

"Ostroumov S. A. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (January). Volume 382, Numbers 1- 6, p. 18-21.
Full text free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/42558469/

A new aspect of ecosystem service is identified and shown in this paper.

The article presents a new vision of how biodiversity helps towards better stability and water quality. The author made an innovative analysis of his experimental data and formulated the following fundamental principle: to maintain water quality, it is vital to protect the functionally active biodiversity of water ecosystems. In other words, according to his vision, the protection of functionally active biodiversity, including filter-feeders, is a key to maintenance of water quality.

Among the new facts that were established in the author's experiments that were reported in this paper: the detergent IXI 20 mg/L inhibited water filtration by marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis; the detergent Deni-Automat 30 mg/L also inhibited the water filtration by oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg .
DOI 10.1023/A:1014465220673. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p89cugy9ddk053g7/; MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; http://sites.google.com/site/2dbs382p18biodivers/; http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9734342;"

Acute respiratory infections accounts for 20–40% of outpatient and 12–35% of inpatient attendance in a general hospital. Upper respiratory tract infections including nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media constitute 87.5% of the total episodes of respiratory infections. The vast majority of acute upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses. Common cold is caused by viruses in most circumstances and does not require antimicrobial agent unless it is complicated by acute otitis media with effusion, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection. Sinusitis is commonly associated with common cold. Most instances of rhinosinusitis are viral and therefore, resolve spontaneously without antimicrobial therapy. The most common bacterial agents causing sinusitis areS. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis,S. aureus andS. pyogenes. Amoxycillin is antibacterial of choice. The alternative drugs are cefaclor or cephalexin. The latter becomes first line if sinusitis is recurrent or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses and does not need antibiotics. About 15% of the episodes may be due to Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABS). Early initiation of antibiotics in pharyngitis due to GABS can prevent complications such as acute rheumatic fever. The drug of choice is penicillin for 10–14 days. The alternative medications include oral cephalosporins (cefaclor, cephalexin), amoxicillin or macrolides.

Ostroumov S. A. On some issues of maintaining water quality and self-purification.- Water Resources, 2005. Volume 32, Number 3, p. 305-313. http://www.scribd.com/doc/57511892/0305 [Generalizations presented in this paper represent, in systematized form, the basic elements of the qualitative theory of water self-purification in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Recommendations are given for maintaining water quality and sustainable development of water resources.

New experimental data were generated: Results of experimental studies of the effect exerted by the surfactant Triton X-100 and the OMO synthetic detergent on freshwater bivaqlve mollusks, freshwater mussels Unio tumidus]. ISSN 0097-8078 (Print) 1608-344X (Online). DOI 10.1007/s11268-005-0039-7.

Main discoveries made by the same author:
Публикации того же автора. Основные результаты. Main Results: http://www.scribd.com/doc/59437439/;
On the author / Об авторе (С.А.О.):
http://www.famous-scientists.ru/3732/;

The Concept of Aquatic Biota as a Labile and Vulnerable Component of the Water Self-Purification System. - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, 2000, pp. 286–289. http://www.scribd.com/doc/49069991;
Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 372, No. 2, 2000, pp. 279–282. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2000 by Ostroumov.
Self-purification of water is a complex process including physical, chemical, and biological components [1–3]. The vulnerability of different components of the water self-purification system to anthropogenic factors is as yet insufficiently understood.The goal of this work was to review the literature and our own unpublished experimental findings concerning potential vulnerability of the biotic component of the water self-purification system to chemical pollutants.
A new role of biota as a core, labile, vulnerable part of ecosystem and upgrade of water quality
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49069991;

Main discoveries made by the same author:
Публикации того же автора. Основные результаты. Main Results: http://www.scribd.com/doc/59437439/;
On the author / Об авторе (С.А.О.):
http://www.famous-scientists.ru/3732/;

Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies.
Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S.I., Hamilton D., Peterson S.A., Wetzel R.G.
Riv. Biol. 2003, 96(2):327-332.

List of research priorities for ecology and environmental science of 21st century. Executive summary that was developed by an international team of ecologists. A contribution to creating a basis for grant proposals, for evaluation of new results, for writing new reviews.

PMID: 14595906 [PubMed] [Priorities in ecology and environmental sciences]: http://www.scribd.com/doc/57124875/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52655707/
**

Published:

Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S., Hamilton D., Peterson S., WetzelR.G. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies // Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum. 2003 (May). 96: 327-332.
.
Abstracts in Eng. and Italian (p. 332). Bibliogr. 20.
ref.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595906; PMID: 14595906 [PubMed - indexed forMEDLINE]
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RivistaBio96Priorities2.rtf

Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated.The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and generalecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared,evaluated, and selected for funding.

KEY WORDS: priorities, fundamentals, ecology, environmental sciences, biosphericsciences, life and biomedical sciences, geosciences, ecosystems, biosphere, organisms,levels of life systems, man-made impacts, anthropogenic effects, terrestrial and aquatic,research topics
**
Full text free [Rivista di Biologia]:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52655707/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/57124875/
Also, the full text is here:
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/08/priorities-in-ecological-studies-topics.html
indexed, Web of Science, PubMed;
PMID: 14595906 [PubMed]
The reference in a traditional format:
S.A. Ostroumov, S.I. Dodson, D. Hamilton, S.A. Peterson, and R.G. Wetzel. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies. - Rivista di biologia, 96(2):327–332, 2003.
**

MEDIUM-TERM AND LONG-TERM PRIORITIES IN ECOLOGICALSTUDIES


1
, S. Dodson
2
, D. Hamilton
3
, S. Peterson
4
, R. G. Wetzel
5

1
current address: Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology,Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation;
2
Zoology-Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706,USA;
3
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105,Hamilton, New Zealand;
4
US EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, WesternEcology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA;
5
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Abstract:
Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. Thelist of priorities includes about 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial,aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals arebeing prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding.Keywords: ecology, environmental sciences, priorities, fundamental problems, topics forgrants, scientific policy

Summary form only given: The number of potential applications of non-equilibrium nonthermal atmospheric pressure discharges in biology and medicine has grown significantly in the recent years. The plasma science community is looking closely at medical applications of various plasma systems. For example, use of plasma in treatment of dental cavities, sterilization of various surfaces, treatment of skin diseases, delicate surgeries, and many other applications. It is now clear that these plasmas can have not only physical (i.e. burning the tissue), but a medically relevant therapeutic effect- plasmas can trigger a complex sequence of biological responses in tissues and cells. To move ahead in further development of actual commercial tools that will enter the hospital, and in finding novel, and perhaps even unexpected, uses of these plasmas and understanding of mechanisms of interaction of non-equilibrium gas discharge with living organisms becomes essential. It is our goal to attempt an understanding of mechanisms of interaction of plasma with living tissues and cells. Clearly, these mechanisms depend on the way the plasma is generated, the way it is delivered, and the organism it is delivered to; i.e. radiofrequency discharge in helium will likely have somewhat different mechanisms of interaction than afterglow from a nitrogen arc. We attempt to classify different types of species created in plasma and assess their importance in achieving desirable effect. As the system readily available to us is the floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD), we will use it as example plasma; however, we will attempt to be more general in our task of understanding the mechanisms. We will present different types of plasmas we use for treatment of living tissues and cells followed by discussion of physical and then biological mechanisms of interaction.

System of Principles for Conservation of the Biogeocenotic Function and the Biodiversity of Filter-Feeders by S. A. Ostroumov [Doklady Biological Sciences 2002 (v.383, No.1-6; pp.147-150)]. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065586;

Main discoveries made by the same author:
Публикации того же автора. Основные результаты. Main Results: http://www.scribd.com/doc/59437439/;
On the author / Об авторе (С.А.О.):
http://www.famous-scientists.ru/3732/;

Ostroumov S. A. The Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects.- Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 380, 2001, pp. 499–501. Translated from 'Doklady Akademii Nauk', Vol. 380, No. 6, 2001, pp. 847–849.
The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. In the paper, the hazard was found that even relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect that will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and alage). Bioeffects were described of the action of synthetic detergent Vesna (1 mg/l) on oysters Crassostrea gigas, detergent  IXI (10 mg/l) on  mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, detergent Tide-Lemon  (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis. The danger of simultaneous influence of contamination of environment (e.g., by detergents) on organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce effects  on algae and bivalves that are filter-feeders. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed  by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)] DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085;
https://www.academia.edu/2449972/ ;

http://www.scribd.com/doc/84318765/;
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/ostroumov-sa-biological-filters-are-an-important-part-of-the-biosphere--science-in-russia-2009--2-p-30-36;
Ostroumov S.A. Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. No. 2. P. 30-36. [The journal Science in Russia is published by The Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, both in English and in Russian; Nauka Publishers, Moscow; ISSN 0869-7078. www.ras.ru, ©Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium; Editor-in-Chief: Academician Rem Petrov; among the members of the Editorial Board: current President of the Russian Academy of Sciences; ex-President of the Academy; ex-President of Moscow State University; Vice-Presidents of the Academy.]

Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere
S.A.Ostroumov
ABSTRACT: Studies of ecology of living organisms lead to a more profound understanding of the intricate processes of the Earth’s biosphere functioning. The mankind is still far from establishing harmonious relations with it. However, permanently progressing destruction of natural complexes by the technogenic civilization necessitates some new revolutionary approaches to their preservation. That is why it is so important to study the relationships and interactions between living organisms. One of the most important roles in this “orchestra” is played by numerous invertebrates which filter the water and improve water quality. To what degree chemical pollutants modify their capacity to do this vital ecosystems service?
KEY WORDS: filter-feeders, suspension feeders, bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria, synthetic, surfactants, substances, inhibit, filtration, activity, mussels, Mytilus, edulis, Peter Donkin, grant proposal, European Environmental Research Organization, algae, Isochrysis galbana, anionic, surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cationic, TDTMA, turbidostat; culture, rotifers, Brachionus calyciflorus, feeding, algae, Nannochloropsis limnetica, ecotoxicological, hydrobiological, management considerations, quality, biosphere, global change, V.I.Vernadsky, pelagic, systems, ecosystem's biomachinery, self-purification, potential, suspended matter, faeces, pseudofaeces, nutrient, cycling, water, column, benthic, habitats, Suspension-feeders, natural, aquatic, remediation, negative, anthropogenic, impacts, new, effects, pollutants, rates, Solyaris, Tarkovsky, Stanislav Lem, Academy of Sciences, of Moldova, Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol, Santa Fe, ASLO, SIL, Berlin, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Coulter counter, zebra mussels, Dreissena, heavy metals, carbon, biogeochemistry, phytoremediation, combating pollution, synecology, theoretical, ecology, biology, sustainable, development, stability, regulation, limnology, biological, oceanography, environmental, safety, mariculture, oysters, how much water do the mollusks that inhabit 1 m2 of the bottom area filter during one day (24 h)?, ecological, chemoregulators, chemomediators, toxins, pheromones, antifeedants, decreasing, trophic activity of animals, phytoecdisones, transfer, atmospheric CO2 , dissolved CO2 , photosynthesis, ecotechnologies, reducing hazards, chemical, pollution, University of Georgia, US Agency for Environment Protection, phytotechnology, polluted, aquatic macrophytes, higher plants

http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/ostroumov-sa-biological-filters-are-an-important-part-of-the-biosphere--science-in-russia-2009--2-p-30-36

see also: http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/

Today's software applications increasingly feature a great deal of openness, dynamism and unpredictable behav- ior, forcing to shift design and engineering from traditional, centralized approaches to nature-inspired, self-organizing tech- niques. Among the others, biology has been adopted as a source of inspiration to solve some of the issues proper of nowadays systems by self-organizing techniques, usually exploited in an ad-hoc

Ostroumov S.A. The effect of synthetic surfactants on the hydrobiological mechanisms of water self-purification. - Water Resources. 2004. Volume 31, Number 5 p. 502-510. http://www.scribd.com/doc/41169530/WR502; DOI 10.1023/B:WARE.0000041919.77628.8d. [Long-term studies of the biological effect of surfactants, including the effect surfactants exert on filter feeders, are reviewed. The role of filter feeders in the functioning of freshwater and marine ecosystems is analyzed. New aspects in the assessment of environmental hazard due to the impact of chemical pollutants, including surfactants and detergents, are established]. In Russian: http://www.scribd.com/doc/57648905/4VodnResursy-R;

Main discoveries made by the same author:
Публикации того же автора. Основные результаты. Main Results: http://www.scribd.com/doc/59437439/;
On the author / Об авторе (С.А.О.):
http://www.famous-scientists.ru/3732/;

The Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects // Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, vol.380, p.499-501;
Rus. P. 847; two-level synergism; S.A.Ostroumov; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065634/Danbio52-2001v380p847-E-2level-synergism;

The first data on discovery that chemical pollutants (detergents and surfactants) decreased the filtration rate by the mass freshwater mollusks, freshwater mussels Unio tumidus. A new type of complex anthropogenic effects on ecosystem was found which the author proposed to name ‘synecological summation’. In the paper:
S.A.Ostroumov. Responses of Unio tumidus to Mixed Chemical Preparations and the Hazard of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects; // Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, vol.380. p. 492-495; scribd.com/doc/49065621/;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065621/; Danbio51.2001v380.E.U.tumidus;

System of Principles for Conservation of the Biogeocenotic Function and the Biodiversity of Filter-Feeders by S. A. Ostroumov [Doklady Biological Sciences 2002 (v.383, No.1-6; pp.147-150)]. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065586;

The High-Lakes Project is funded by the NAI and explores the highest perennial volcanic lakes on Earth in the Bolivian and Chilean Andes, including several lakes ~6,000 m elevation. These lakes represent an opportunity to study the evolution of microbial organisms in relatively shallow waters not providing substantial protection against UV radiation. Aguas Calientes (5,870 m) was investigated (November 2006) and samples of water and sediment collected at 1, 3, 5, and 10 cm depth. An Eldonet UV dosimeter positioned on the shore records UV radiation and temperature, and is logging data year round. A UV SolarLight sensor allowed acquisition of point measurements in all channels at the time of the sampling. UVA, UVB, and PAR peaks between 11:00 am and 1:00 pm reached 7.7 mW/cm2, 48.5 μW/cm2, and 511 W/m2, respectively. The chemical composition of the water sample was analyzed. DNA was extracted and DGGE analyses with bacterial and archaeal 16S fragments were performed to describe microbial diversity. Antibiotic resistances were established previously in similar environments in Argentine Andean wetlands. In order to determine these resistances in our samples, they were inoculated onto LB and R2A media and onto R2A medium containing either chloramphenicol, ampicillin or tetracycline. Bacterial was higher than archeal cell number determined by RT-PCR in all the samples, reaching maximum total values of 5x105 cell mL-1. DGGE results from these samples and Licancabur summit lake (5,916 m) samples were also compared. Eight antibiotic-resistant Gram negative strains have been isolated with distinct resistance patterns.