Original

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activ...

Die Frage nach der Wahrheit gilt in der Geschichtswissenschaft gemeinhin als hoffnungslos naiv: Das sei etwas für Philosophen oder Theologen, nicht aber für ernsthafte Historiker! Aber ist das wirklich so?
Wir trotzen dem Mainstream und begeben uns unerschrocken auf die Suche nach der Wahrheit in der Geschichte, um sie unter verschiedenen Aspekten kennenzulernen: Ist „wahr“ gleich „richtig“? Ist ein Original „wahrer“ als eine Kopie? Kann eine Fiktion wahr sein? Oder sogar eine Fälschung? Muss die Wahrheit korrekt sein?
Der Weg zur Wahrheit führt uns ins Mittelalter ebenso wie ins 19. Jahrhundert, ins Museum wie ins Kino. Wir spüren Verschwörungstheoretikern und Fälschern nach, bereisen unser Gehirn und die Wikipedia, besuchen Hexen und Heilige. Als Begleiter dienen uns u.a. Leopold von Ranke, Aleida Assmann und Johannes Fried, aber auch Guido Knopp, Andy Warhol und Ridley Scott.
Letztere deuten schon an, dass wir uns auch auf Pfaden außerhalb der Geschichtswissenschaft bewegen werden, z.B. in Philosophie und Kunst, Medien- und Literaturwissenschaft – Pfade, die uns dann aber doch immer wieder zu den Grundlagen und Kernfragen des historischen Arbeitens zurückführen.
Und wer jetzt glaubt, dass sich die Frage nach der Wahrheit am Ende als bloßes rhetorisches Mittel erweist und ohne Antwort bleibt – der kennt die Wahrheit eben (noch) nicht…

This study aims to explore the experiences and perceptions of school educators on how school principals monitor curriculum delivery. It investigates the principal-agent problem and accountability in education in the Eastern Cape. Two types of data are used: qualitative data from interviews with school principals and teachers, and quantitative data from an international educational evaluation. The interview data were collected in 2015 at selected primary schools within three Eastern Cape education districts. Respondents at each school included the school principal and three foundation phase teachers. To triangulate findings from interviews, the association between school leadership and student academic scores in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 dataset was examined for both Grade 5 and 9. The association between measures of instructional leadership (e.g. teachers’ understanding of curricular goals and teachers’ degree of success in implementing c...

This study aims to explore the experiences and perceptions of school educators on how school principals monitor curriculum delivery. It investigates the principal-agent problem and accountability in education in the Eastern Cape. Two types of data are used: qualitative data from interviews with school principals and teachers, and quantitative data from an international educational evaluation. The interview data were collected in 2015 at selected primary schools within three Eastern Cape education districts. Respondents at each school included the school principal and three foundation phase teachers. To triangulate findings from interviews, the association between school leadership and student academic scores in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 dataset was examined for both Grade 5 and 9. The association between measures of instructional leadership (e.g. teachers’ understanding of curricular goals and teachers’ degree of success in implementing c...

Health holds an important position in maintaining economic development since it is both a prerequisite for and an outcome of economic development. This means that health contributes greatly to the attainment of sustainable development and health outcomes. The importance of health is demonstrated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) where three of the eight goals are aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite progress made by other middle-income countries in achieving health-related MDGs, South Africa is still worse off in respect of health outcomes and experiences a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals. This study’s main focus was to identify the association between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa’s nine provinces from 2002 to 2016. The study implemented fixed effects and a random effects panel data estimation technique to control for time effects and individual provincial heterogeneity. This was followed by employing the Haus...

Mastitis is a major production disease of dairy animals of global importance. A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Ambo town from November 2014 to April 2015 on lactating dairy cows to determine the prevalence of mastitis and associated risk factors. The study was done on 384 lactating cows, of which 120 were local and 264 cross breeds from dairy farms and small stockholders by using questionnaire, clinical examination, and California mastitis test (CMT). Out of 5 dairy farms and 68 small stockholders surveyed, there was no use of machine milking rather they used manual hand milking. Of the total 384 lactating dairy cows examined, 161(42%) cows were infected mastitis with 36 (9.4%) clinical mastitis and 125 (32.6%) subclinical mastitis. Of the potential associated intrinsic cows risk factors considered in this study, breed, parity, age, body condition and milk yield showed significant effects on prevalence of mastitis (p<0.05) in the present study. Floor type showed significant difference (p<0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis among the extrinsic associated risk factors. High prevalence of mastitis was observed in cross breed than local; and cows with age of adult (6-8 years) and old (>9 years) were more susceptible to mastitis. The study also revealed that cows with high milk yield, poor body condition, intensively managed and those kept under bad floor type were more affected by mastitis. The present study revealed that mastitis is the major problem of lactating cows that managed in both dairy farms and small stockholders of different husbandry system, especially subclinical mastitis in the study area. Thus hygiene of the milkers, milking equipment's and cows at milking and husbandry system, creation of awareness of importance and prevention of subclinical mastitis among dairy farms and small stock holders, milking infected animals and respective quarters at last is recommended.

The topic of this paper is the possibility of application of the laws of similarity in mechanics and experimental measuring conducted on the model of stationary multi-chamber cylindrical tank, during stress and strain condition analysis on actual tank (pressure vessel). The paper will present the results of the experimental strain measuring and stress estimation at critical points of the model of the vertical multi-chamber cylindrical tank with partitions, by experimental testing using cold water pressure, reduced 20 times in comparison to the actual tank. By using law of similarity in mechanics we will be able to, based on measured micro-strains, transfer calculated stress results from the model to the original, i.e. to the actual tank with estimated size of Ø 24.384[mm] x 11.010[mm], and 5.000[m 3]volume capacity.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activ...

Background: Pediatric rheumatic disease (PRD) patients and their caregivers face a number of challenges, including the consequences of the PRD in patients and the impact on multiple dimensions of the caregivers' daily lives. The objective of this study is to measure the economic, psychological and social impact that PRD has on the caregivers of Mexican children.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activ...

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the technical quality of root canal fillings and the presence of iatrogenic errors in the cases treated by undergraduate dental students using radiographic images. Materials and Methods This study included 480 root-filled teeth, which were evaluated using intraoral periapical radiographic images. The technical quality of obturation was assessed by observing the length, density, and taperness of the root filling. Ledges, apical transportation, fractured instruments, zipping, and root perforation were recorded as iatrogenic errors. Teeth were classified as acceptable if the technical parameters were adequate and there were no iatrogenic errors. Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results The quality of root filling was acceptable in 183 of the 480 teeth. The rate of acceptable quality was higher for the teeth treated by 4th-year students (41.9%) than for those treated by 5th-year ...

Health holds an important position in maintaining economic development since it is both a prerequisite for and an outcome of economic development. This means that health contributes greatly to the attainment of sustainable development and health outcomes. The importance of health is demonstrated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) where three of the eight goals are aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite progress made by other middle-income countries in achieving health-related MDGs, South Africa is still worse off in respect of health outcomes and experiences a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals. This study's main focus was to identify the association between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa's nine provinces from 2002 to 2016. The study implemented fixed effects and a random effects panel data estimation technique to control for time effects and individual provincial heterogeneity. This was followed by employing ...

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students. Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical act...

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activ...