PRI

This paper examines ethics in finance, specifically related to responsible investment. In recent years, socially responsible principles are becoming the de facto standard not only for socially responsible but also for profitable investing. For instance, the United Nations developed the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) in 2006, which require institutional investors to incorporate ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes. This raises the following question: can responsible investments be justified from an ethical point of view? In this paper I first explain responsible investments. Then, I turn to the ethical foundation of responsible investments. There are two arguments for responsible investments. I argue that both fail. Therefore, my conclusion is that the ethical foundation of responsible investments is not firm.

This paper aims to assess the influence of the electoral defeats of the political parties identifying the modification of its strategies for the upcoming elections, especially the presidential. The main target is to contribute in the development of this theoretical body offering new study avenues for the electoral defeats. This article analyzes how Political Parties react against the levels of competition, and how after being defeated at the ballot box, they rise and  return  to  the  path  of  victory.  Such  defeats  are  an  opportunity for  the renewal of their own strategies and new airs that strengthen their ability to compete. The main argument is the influence of the organizational change such as leadership change, political recruitment and candidate selection, incentives, ideological  and  organizational  transformation  and  change  in  political  party rules. All of them with the sole and only purpose of strengthening the position of the defeated party, vital issue for the survival of these key institutions for democracy. Finally, the last section places the Mexican case of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) through an examination of labor-based adaptation within the frame work of electoral defeat, suggesting which organizational changes suffered along its re-foundation after its defeats, reflecting the issues that took him to the victory last July 1, 2012.

Keywords: Electoral defeats, electoral strategies, selection of candidates and leaders, negotiation of elites, PRI, PAN, PRD.

In the last few years, cloud computing has evolved from being a promising business concept to one of the fastest growing segments of the IT industry. However, one im-pediment to widespread adoption by enterprise customers is the threat of attack by a malicious cloud administrator. To address this security and privacy challenge, we propose H-one, a new auditing mechanism for cloud. H-one uses in-formation flow tracking techniques to implement complete, efficient and privacy-preserving logs that will enable the au-diting of the administrators of the cloud infrastructure, thus increasing the customer’s trust in cloud services.

Women play an important role in every society across the globe. Within tribal
societies, the tribal women which constitutes nearly half of their community’s
population holds special status. Thus it is imperative to ensure their equal
political presence and participation in the larger process of decision-making.
As studies suggest (Ota & Acharya, 2012; Satyam, 2013; Nagaraja & Kusugal,
2013) there is not a single state in the country where tribal women are given
equal status with men in matter of governance including Arunachal Pradesh. In
this regard, reservation under the 73rd Amendment Act (1992) has been
fundamental in facilitating equal representation and participation of women in
the three-tier Panchayat Raj System in India. As a result, Arunachal Pradesh is
among the few states where tribal women have seen an increased representation
in the Panchayat election of 2013. However, in the light of increased numbers
getting into leadership roles in the Panchayats, it becomes imperative to know
the quality of participation and the processes herewith. This study explores
these dimensions and investigates the quality aspects of their power and
authority in Nyapin Block of Kurung Kumey district in Arunachal Pradesh.

El trabajo analiza la evolución de las posiciones de los principales partidos políticos mexicanos en dos temas clave de la política económica: el papel del Estado en la economía y el modelo de desarrollo propuesto. This paper analyses the evolution of the positions of the three major mexican political parties in two key issues of economic policy: the role of the state in the economy and the model of development.

El caso reciente de Cambridge Analytica y la revelación de su intromisión en las elecciones en México cuando trató de vender sus servicios a varios partidos políticos entre julio de 2017 y enero de 2018, ilustra el peligro que representa el uso sin límites de los datos personales de electores para la legitimidad de campañas electorales y el riesgo que representa para la democracia, el derecho al voto y el libre albedrío de los electores. En ese caso, la empresa británica de mercadeo político compró en 2014 los datos personales de millones de usuarios de Facebook de un investigador de la Universidad de Cambridge, el cual había creado y administrado desde un año antes una aplicación de Facebook basada en una encuesta psicológica. Dicha encuesta le permitió acceder no sólo a los perfiles de los 50,000 usuarios que la contestaron, sino también a los perfiles de todos sus contactos en Facebook – 82 millones de usuarios – sin que esos últimos se enteraran en ningún momento del uso abusivo de sus datos personales. Hasta marzo 2018, cuando se descubrió que esos 82 millones de perfiles, los utilizó Cambridge Analytica en la campaña presidencial estadounidense del año 2016, pero también en el referéndum “Brexit” sobre la estadía de Inglaterra en la Unión Europea.

Note from the Chairperson, WPC, Dr.Ranjana Kumari
2 Special Feature: “Migration and Women” By: Vibhuti Patel, President of
WPC
3 WPC at work
- Women and Migration: CARE India “Enhancing Mobile
Populations’ access to HIV/AIDS Support, Information and Services”
EMPHASIS project
- Empowering Girls by Addressing Child Marriage: Ford
Foundation “Empowering Girls by Addressing Child Marriage”
- Women and Land Rights: Oxfam India “Building People’s
Movement for pro-women farmer policy and Programmatic efforts”
4 Other WPC Activities
5 Features of Partner: “Living Heritage Foundation”, Assam
6 Important News this Quarter
7 Tribute to Professor Sharmila Rege by Dr Vibhuti Patel, President of WPC
From the Chairperson
Page 2

La segunda transición en México. Muchos y variados han sido los análisis sobre el proceso electoral vivido en México el domingo 1 de julio, pero una noticia no se ha comunicado aún a la opinión pública nacional e internacional, y es que a partir de ese domingo ha comenzado la segunda transición política en la segunda economía de América Latina. Cabe destacar que la primera transición, de un régimen autoritario a un régimen democrático, transcurrió entre los años 1988 y 2000 sobre la base de dos hitos fundamentales en ese proceso: en primer lugar un proceso de reforma económica iniciado durante la presidencia de Carlos Salinas de Gortari y que tuvo su más elocuente expresión a través de la firma del tratado de libre comercio con Estados Unidos y Canadá (NAFTA) que impulso el proceso de integración de la economía mexicana, vía el mercado estadounidense, al mercado mundial. Una vez más, México lejos de Dios y cerca de Estados Unidos. La otra cara de ese proceso de transición tuvo lugar a través de la creación de instituciones estatales de prestigio e independencia política como el Instituto Nacional Electoral, la pérdida del control de la mayoría del congreso por parte del Partido Revolucionario Institucional-PRI durante las elecciones legislativas de 1997 y la derrota del PRI en las elecciones presidenciales del año 2000, a manos del histórico partido de oposición, el Partido de Acción Nacional-PAN. Las elecciones dejaban de ser ese juego de 11 contra 11 donde siempre ganaba el PRI. Tal como anticipamos en el título de la nota, los últimos comicios presidenciales abrieron la puerta a una nueva transición, que podría ser definida a partir de tres características principales: 1. Cambio de un formato de gobierno dividido a uno de gobierno unificado, a partir del hecho de que el Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional-MORENA pasa a controlar el poder ejecutivo nacional, en forma conjunta con la Ciudad de México y las cámaras de Diputados y de Senadores. 2. Crisis del sistema competitivo de partidos que, sustituyendo a aquel de partido hegemónico vigente entre 1929 y 2000, había cobrado fuerza a partir del 2000 con eje en tres actores: PRI, PAN (PRIAN decían algunos analistas) y el Partido de la Revolución Democrática-PRD. 3. La novedad de un gobierno "de izquierda" catch all que deberá enfrentar dos grandes desafíos en conflicto: por una parte, satisfacer la promesa de reparación social y moral y por otra parte y al mismo tiempo, preservar en sus lineamientos esenciales los principios del modelo de modernización económica e integración al mercado internacional (o estadounidense en un sentido más estricto). Nos recuerda la vieja literatura transitológica que todo proceso de cambio trae aparejados un relativo grado de certeza en las reglas procesales y la incertidumbre en los resultados o consecuencias de la puesta en ejecución de las nuevas reglas procedimentales; teniendo en consideración ese carácter incierto que define a esta nueva etapa política, me permito formular algunos interrogantes:

This paper deals with the monitoring of water status and the assessment of the effect of stress on citrus fruit quality using structural and physiological remote sensing indices. Four flights were conducted over a citrus orchard in 2009 using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carrying a multispectral camera with six narrow spectral bands in the visible and near infrared. Physiological indices such as the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI 570), a new structurally robust PRI formulation that uses the 515 nm as the reference band (PRI 515), and a chlorophyll ratio (R 700 /R 670) were compared against the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI) and Modified Triangular Vegetation Index (MTVI) canopy structural indices for their performance in tracking water status and the effects of sustained water stress on fruit quality at harvest. The irrigation setup in the commercial orchard was compared against a treatment scheduled to satisfy full requirements (based on estimated crop evapotranspiration) using two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies. The water status of the trees throughout the experiment was monitored with frequent field measurements of stem water potential (W x), while titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured at harvest on selected trees from each irrigation treatment. The high spatial resolution of the multispectral imagery (30 cm pixel size) enabled identification of pure tree crown components, extracting the tree reflectance from shaded, sunlit and aggregated pixels. The physiological and structural indices were then calculated from each tree at the following levels: (i) pure sunlit tree crown, (ii) entire crown, aggregating the within-crown shadows, and (iii) simulating a lower resolution pixel, including tree crown, sunlit and shaded soil pixels. The resulting analysis demonstrated that both PRI formulations were able to track water status, except when water stress altered canopy structure. In such cases, PRI 570 was more affected than PRI 515 by the structural changes caused by sustained water stress throughout the season. Both PRI formulations were proven to serve as pre-visual water stress indicators linked to fruit quality TSS and TA parameters (r 2 = 0.69 for PRI 515 vs TSS; r 2 = 0.58 vs TA). In contrast, the chlorophyll (R 700 /R 670) and structural indices (NDVI, RDVI, MTVI) showed poor relationships with fruit quality and water status levels (r 2 = 0.04 for NDVI vs TSS; r 2 = 0.19 vs TA). The two PRI formulations showed strong relationships with the field-measured fruit quality parameters in September, the beginning of stage III, which appeared to be the period most sensitive to water stress and the most critical for assessing fruit quality in citrus. Both PRI 515 and PRI 570 showed similar performance for the two scales assessed (sunlit crown and entire crown), demonstrating that within-crown component separation is not needed in citrus tree crowns where the shaded vegetation component is small. However, the simulation conducted through spatial resampling on tree + soil aggregated pixels revealed that the physiological indices were highly affected by soil reflectance and between-tree shadows, showing that for TSS vs PRI 515 the relationship dropped from r 2 = 0.69 to r 2 = 0.38 when aggregating soil + crown components. This work confirms a previous study that demonstrated the link between PRI 570 , water stress, and fruit quality, while also making progress in assessing the new PRI formulation (PRI 515), the within-crown shadow effects on the physiological indices, and the need for high resolution imagery to target individual tree crowns for the purpose of evaluating the effects of water stress on fruit quality in citrus.

El artículo propone evidenciar la lógica informal al interior de los partidos políticos en México, entendida como un mecanismo de mediación entre militantes y dirigentes. Metodología: desde una aproximación cualitativa, se exploró el rol de la informalidad en el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), el Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), el Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD), y Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (MORENA). Resultados: se encontró que la informalidad es de vital importancia, ya que, en algunos casos, su ausencia es signo de polarización interna (PAN); en otros, da evidencia de la existencia de acuerdos más allá de lo establecido en los estatutos (PRI). En algunos más, se muestra la realidad fraccionada de la organización (PRD). Conclusiones: la informalidad puede ilustrar el papel discrecional de ciertos liderazgos, así como la adopción de estrategias que contravienen la legislación electoral en aras de mantener ventaja sobre los posibles competidores (MORENA).

The platelet inhibitor clopidogrel is administered to patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest due to acute coronary syndromes. Interactions with proton pump inhibitors and genetics are factors with a known potential to attenuate the platelet inhibition of clopidogrel. In patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia, reduced gastrointestinal function and hypothermia may also reduce the effect of clopidogrel. To investigate the net platelet inhibition of clopidogrel, we have measured the platelet reactivity index in patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Twenty-five Caucasian patients treated with clopidogrel and therapeutic hypothermia were prospectively included. Therapeutic hypothermia was defined as 33-34°C and delivered for 24h. Clopidogrel loading doses (300-600 mg) were administered enterally the day of admission and followed by 75 mg daily. Blood samples were collected on day 1 (n=25) and day 3 (n=16). The samples were analysed for inhib...

Las autoras sostienen que la vinculación, hoy ineludible, entre los fenómenos económicos y políticos, requiere analizar las causas y el alcance de los procesos y conflictos en curso. México enfrenta una diversidad de crisis -económicas, sociales y políticas- en las que destaca un desajuste estructural que afecta los fundamentos del poder con la descomposición del viejo y complejo aparato de dominación sustentado en el presidencialismo y el partido de Estado.

Some form of the light use efficiency (LUE) model is used in most models of ecosystem carbon exchange based on remote sensing. The strong relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and light absorbed by green vegetation make models based on ...

En Mexico la larguisima, lenta y dificultosa transicion a la democracia parece no haber acabado con la alternancia del 2000. Un tortuoso camino interconectado con las vicisitudes del Partido Revolucionario Institucional, actor protagonista de la transicion antes de la alternancia y nuevamente hoy en dia con su regreso al gobierno, y con la metamorfosis de la politica propia de todo el orbe occidental que en Mexico se caracteriza por la constante tension entre procesos de modernizacion y formas arcaicas tradicionales.