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Reformer Tube Metallurgy: Design Considerations; Failure Mechanisms; Inspection Methods
Design principles
Recent developments in metallurgy
Failure mechanisms
Monitoring and inspection techniques
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    •   16  
      HydrogenCatalysisBiomassCatalysts
The Theory and Practice of Steam Reforming
Steam reforming reactions
Steam reforming catalyst
Equilibrium considerations
Carbon formation
Poisoning
Steam reformer modelling
Pre-and post-reforming
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisCatalysts
Los catalizadores provocan reacciones químicas o aceleran la velocidad a la que una reacción se acerca al equilibrio. El catalizador proporciona una superficie adecuada para que los reactivos se adsorban y para que los productos se... more
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    •   17  
      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIEL
Principles of Pre-reforming Technology Pre-reforming Flow-schemes Feed-stocks Catalyst handling, loading & start-up Benefits of a pre-reformer Case studies Effects upon primary reformer Data analysis Reactor temperature... more
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisCatalysts
Methanol Plant - Theory of Distillation Principles of Distillation Distillation Theory Flowsheet Description Topping Column Details Topping Column Operation Refining Column Details Refining Column Operation Distillation Control... more
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      Chemical EngineeringPetrochemical EngineeringPetrochemicalCoal to Methanol Synthesis
Fire and Explosion Hazardous Properties of Breakers Applied in the Processes of Oil Production Stimulation Применение в процессах нефтедобычи большого спектра химических реагентов требует изучения их свойств, которые представляют основную... more
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    •   9  
      ChemistryPetroleumOil and gasPetrochemical Engineering
Secondary Reformer Burners
History
Design
Operational Improvements
Fabrication
Delivery
Installation
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    •   10  
      Chemical EngineeringCatalysisCatalystsPetrochemical Engineering
Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption: Case Study: #06023300 Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0602 CONTENTS 0 SCOPE 1 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FEED CONSUMPTION 2 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FUEL... more
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    •   18  
      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIEL
HYDROGENATION REACTOR DESIGN - Fixed Bed Reactor Internals The following is designed to give an overview on and some insight in the general design features of hydrogenation reactors and the impact of the various reactor internals on... more
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      Chemical EngineeringCatalysisProcess EngineeringPetrochemical Engineering
Reduction and Start Up of Pre-reforming Catalyst
Drying
Heating
Start up
Reduction
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    •   15  
      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisGasification
Steam Reforming - Types of Reformer Design
Four main types
Pre reformers
Primary reformers
Main different designs
Secondary reformers
Compact reformers
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    •   13  
      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringPetrochemical
Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices: Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Aim/purpose 3 Responsibilities 4 Procedure 4.1 Main cleaning methods 4.1.1 Mechanical... more
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      Environmental EngineeringMechanical EngineeringChemical EngineeringSafety Engineering
References. Can be used for further discussion.
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      Chemical EngineeringChemical and Biological EngineeringPetrochemical EngineeringPetrochemical
It is important for business enterprises to implement initiatives which have a focus on aligning positive impact from those initiatives of the management framework to corporate strategy and value creation. These goals can be achieved by... more
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      Ecological EconomicsSustainable DevelopmentPetrochemicalStrategic communication in health and organizational contexts
Reduction and Start-up of Steam Reforming Catalyst
Contents
Introduction
Start-up procedures
Warm-up
Catalyst reduction
Feed introduction
Case study
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisCatalysts
Theory and Operation of Secondary Reformers
Purpose
Key to good performance
Problem Areas
Catalysts, heat shields and plant up-rates
Burner Guns
Development of High Intensity Ring Burner
Case Studies
Conclusions
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      Chemical EngineeringCatalysisCatalystsPetrochemical Engineering
Theory and Operation of Methanation Catalyst
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisCatalysts
Petrochemicals are any of a vast group of chemicals generated from petroleum. Despite the fact the petrochemical sector emits less CO2 than other sectors such as iron/steel and cement, there is a big deal for reducing it. In this paper I... more
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      BioremediationPetrochemicalBacterias
An extensive background overview on the use of agricultural residues (wastes) for production of paper, board, binderless board, energy, different types of fuels by pyrolysis (solid, liquid and gaseous fuel), many petrochemicals... more
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      Rural SociologyDevelopment EconomicsBioeconomicsEnergy Economics
This study aims to investigate the potential hazards and accidents that might occur at Petrochemical industry. This research adopts HIRA to perform Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in the workplace. This risk assessment tool will... more
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      Food SafetyPublic HealthPetrochemicalHazard Identification
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical attributes of internal communications and employee engagement. It also studies the impact of internal communications on employee engagement in Iran's petrochemical... more
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    •   3  
      Internal CommunicationEmployee engagementPetrochemical
Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems Contents Process Capabilities for gas treating process Typical Amine Treating Typical Amine System Improvements Primary Equipment Overview... more
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      Chemical EngineeringGas AbsorptionOil RefiningPetrochemical Engineering
El presente artículo, realiza un breve bosquejo en torno a la situación en que se encuentra la industria petroquímica en México y el mundo. Establece que las disposiciones gubernamentales en el mundo estimulan al crecimiento de la... more
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      EconomicsEconometricsPetroleumPetrochemical
Sulfiding of Sour Shift Catalyst Introduction to Sour Shift Catalysts VIG SGS-201/202/203 Feedstock's from the gasification of coal or heavy oil contain high levels of sulfur. Conventional iron-chrome catalysts are not suitable... more
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisPetrochemical Engineering
Steam Reforming - Comprehensive Review
Equilibrium, Approach & Kinetics
Carbon Lay down
Potash Doping
Catalyst Loading
Pigtail Nippers
GHR & AgHR
Secondary Reforming
Metal Dusting
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringPetrochemical
Pressure Relief Systems Causes of Relief Situations Vol.2 of 6 This Volume 2, is a guide to the qualitative identification of common causes of overpressure in process equipment. It cannot be exhaustive; the process engineer and... more
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      Chemical EngineeringPower SystemsHydrogenProcess Engineering
Pressure Relief Systems BACKGROUND TO RELIEF SYSTEM DESIGN Vol.1 of 6 The Guide has been written to advise those involved in the design and engineering of pressure relief systems. It takes the user from the initial identification of... more
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      Mechanical EngineeringChemical EngineeringHydrogenPower System
Adiabatic Reactor Analysis for Methanol Synthesis Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0604 Contents I. Energy Balance and the Conversion-Temperature Relationship II. Mass Balance and Rate Expression III. Inlet Conditions IV.A.... more
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      Chemical EngineeringPetrochemical EngineeringCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIELPetrochemical
Calculation of Caloric Value and other Characteristic Data of Fuel Gas
Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0601
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIEL
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope of this Guide 1.3 Use of the Guide 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 2.1 Principal Concerns 2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation... more
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    •   13  
      Environmental EngineeringChemical EngineeringEnvironmental ScienceCatalysis
Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices GBHE-APT-0102 PICKLING & PASSIVATION CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK 2 CHEMICAL CONCEPT 3 TECHNICAL CONCEPT 4 WASTES & SAFETY CONCEPT 5 TARGET RESULTS... more
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    •   15  
      Metallurgical EngineeringMechanical EngineeringChemical EngineeringHydrogen
The essays in this report reflect an effort to provide background and context for understanding Iran's relations with Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Venezuela; the articles emphasize the foreign policy objectives and... more
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      International RelationsTerrorismWaterInternational Trade
We present and discuss data from petrographic observation at the optical microscope, electron microprobe analyses on selected glass shards, and trace-element analyses on 14 mortar aggregates collected at the ancient harbors and other... more
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      Maritime ArchaeologyRoman mortarsPetrochemicalAncient Roman economy, trade and commerce
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      EpidemiologyPetroleumCancerLeukemia
Nanocatalysts in Refining & Petrochemical
Processes
Introduction
Principle of catalysis
Nanocatalysis in Petroleum Refining and
Petrochemicals Industries
Research Activities on Nanocatalysts
Conclusion
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      Chemical EngineeringSynthesis of nanoparticlesCatalysisCatalysts
EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 When should Emergency Isolation Valves be Installed 3 Emergency Isolation Valves and Associated Equipment 3.1 Installations on existing plant 3.2... more
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      Chemical EngineeringSafety EngineeringProcess SafetyPetrochemical Engineering
Water-Gas-Shift Reactor Loading & Unloading Considerations
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisPetrochemical Engineering
Plastics made from petrochemicals have long been popular as packing materials because of their excellent barrier qualities, stiffness, tensile strength, and tear strength. Despite their widespread use, plastics have a number of drawbacks,... more
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      Materials SciencePetrochemicalBiodegradableSago Palm
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      EnergyHeat TransferEnergy and EnvironmentHydro Power
STEAMING PROCEDURE FOR VULCAN STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS
Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0603
CONTENTS
0 SCOPE
1 INTRODUCTION
2 PROCEDURE
3 SUMMARY
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringCHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIEL
VULCAN VGP CRT Chloride Guard Technology A number of fixed-bed adsorbents / absorbents have been proposed by various suppliers: Activated Aluminas Promoted Activated Aluminas Calcium Oxide, SodaLime, Molecular sieves PURASPEC TM... more
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisRefinery Processes
Hydrogenation Safety - Gases and Reactions
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      Chemical EngineeringPetrochemical EngineeringPetrochemicalPetrochemical industry
Hydrogen Plant Flow sheets - Effects of Steam Ratio
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenPetrochemical EngineeringPetrochemical
Catalyst Breakage in Reformer Tubes Introduction Catalyst breakage is a well known phenomena that occurs during operation and transients such as reformer trips, whether this be due to, • Normal in service breakage, • Breakage due... more
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisPetrochemical Engineering
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant Contents Summary 1 Introduction 2 "On-purpose" Hydrogen Production 3 Operational Aspects 4 Uprating Options on the Steam Reformer 4.1 Steam Reforming Catalysts and Tube... more
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenOil RefiningPetrochemical Engineering
Revamps for Modern Hydrogen Plants
For modern hydrogen plants, efficiency is generally good
However still drivers to maximize profit and therefore must improve either

Plant efficiency
Plant production rate
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisBiomass
The Benefits and Disadvantages of Potash In Steam Reforming
Why do we include potash ?
What are the benefits ?
What are the disadvantages ?
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisPetrochemical Engineering
VULCAN PROCESSES for Alky Plant Feed Pre-Treatment The aim of the alkylation unit is to produce high RON alkylates Alkylates are important in the refinery gasoline pool. They are richer in branched chain high octane blending... more
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      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisRefinery Processes
Water Gas Shift & Hydrogen Purification Section Flowsheet Consider shift + purification together design options are intimately linked Historically preferred designs linked to available catalyst/absorbent technology Not required on... more
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    •   11  
      Chemical EngineeringHydrogenCatalysisPetrochemical Engineering