Polychaetes

ABSTRACT. A total of 150 specimens of Gymnoneridinae Banse were identified from the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Three species were recorded: Ceratocephale andaman n.sp. with and without eyes, cirrophores enlarged on setiger 9, Gymnonereis fauveli (Pillai, 1961) with smooth cutting edge of jaws, and G. phuketensis n.sp. with serrated cutting edge of jaws. The generic diagnosis of Gymnonereis is emended to include species with dorsal flaps and serrated jaws. The terminology of nereid parapodia is briefly reviewed and parapodia of Gymnonereidinae compared with typical Nereidinae parapodia.
[1989. J. Hylleberg & A. Nateewathana].

ABSTRACT. In connection with a study of the Annelida Polychaeta of Thailand, the Thai species of Perinereis and Pseudonereis (Nereidae) are reviewed. Four species of Perinereis (P. aibuhitensis, P. quatrefagesi, P. singaporiensis, P. striolata) and two species of Pseudonereis (P. anomala; P. gallapagensis) are described and illustrated. A comparison of Perinereis quatrefages; from the Gulf of Thailand and from Phuket, Andaman Sea, showed similar intraspecific variation within the two populations. The terminology of nereid parapodia is briefly reviewed. The distribution of possibly commercial polychaetes P. quatrefagesi, Onuphis sp., Marphysa sp. and a spinoid along intertidal beach areas on Phuket Island is reported.
[1986. J. Hylleberg, A. Nateewathana & S. Bussarawit].

Specimens of the trace fossil Gyrochorte from the Ordovician, Jurassic and Cretaceous of Utah, and the Pliocene of Spain are described. These ocurrences expand the stratigraphic range of the ichnogenus, and allow for a reexamination of this paleoenvironmentally sensitive and puzzling trace fossil. The recognition of the penetrative characteristic of the trace is essential for a correct identification, as some trace fossils have been erroneously ascribed to Gyrochorte in the past. The producer must have been a detritus-feeding worm-like animal, probably an annelid, that created a bilobed, vertically penetrating and sometimes plaited meandering trace. Gyrochorte typically occurs in sandy facies in moderately energetic nearshore and shallow marine paleoenvironments in association with other trace fossils, usually pascichnia and fodinichnia.

This study provides an updated catalogue of non-indigenous species (NIS) of polychaetes reported from the continental coasts of the Iberian Peninsula based on the available literature. A list of 23 introduced species were regarded as established and other 11 were reported as casual, with 11 established and nine casual NIS in the Atlantic coast of the studied area and 14 established species and seven casual ones in the Mediterranean side. The most frequent way of transport was shipping (ballast water or hull fouling), which according to literature likely accounted for the introductions of 14 established species and for the presence of another casual one. To a much lesser extent aquaculture (three established and two casual species) and bait importation (one established species) were also recorded, but for a large number of species the translocation pathway was unknown. About 25% of the reported NIS originated in the Warm Western Atlantic region, followed by the Tropical Indo West-Pacific region (18%) and the Warm Eastern Atlantic (12%). In the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, nearly all the reported NIS originated from warm or tropical regions, but less than half of the species recorded from the Atlantic side were native of these areas. The effects of these introductions in native marine fauna are largely unknown, except for one species (Ficopomatus enigmaticus) which was reported to cause serious environmental impacts. In other cases, the displacement of native species or economic damages are suspected.

Polychaetes are abundant and ecologically important benthic organisms, yet their diversity and phylogenetic relationships are far from being resolved. The purpose of my dissertation was to measure their diversity in the Gulf of Mexico and to compare polychaete
assemblages of different regions, depths, and sampling periods. Furthermore, I studied the natural history of the diverse polychaete family Paraonidae. The polychaete diversity of the Gulf of Mexico was examined using a comprehensive
species database. Species were assigned to ecological, morphological, and biogeographical categories and each category’s contribution was examined throughout different depths and regions. Spatial and temporal comparisons of polychaete assemblages were conducted at three
transects on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Paraonidae were studied based on the examination of type material. Polychaete diversity changed with depth. The shelf break was accompanied by a steep change in the species composition. The southeastern Gulf had the most distinct polychaete fauna.
Endemism was at 10%; in the deep-sea more than 30% of the species were endemic and the relative contribution of carnivorous species doubled. At the continental slope, abundance did not continuously decrease with depth between
350 and 1500 m, but dropped between 1500 and 2100 m. Abundance in the spring was approximately twice as high as in the fall, in depths up to 1500 m. Polychaete assemblages
changed continuously with increasing depth. Short-term temporal changes of polychaete assemblages had reversed in the long run. In the cladistic analyses, monophyly of Paraonidae was supported. Its synapomorphies are the complete fusion of prostomium and peristomium and the dorsal location of the anus. Cirrophorus and Paradoneis should be considered synonyms. The prostomial antenna, which was used to distinguish both genera, is a homoplastic character. Two species of Paradoneis are being moved to a new genus. Spatial and temporal patterns of polychaete diversity in the Gulf of Mexico were discovered. Additional sampling efforts are needed for a more complete picture of the diverse polychaete fauna. The phylogenetic analyses based on morphology resolved important issues. However, additional genetic markers are needed to uncover sister species relationships.

In order to clarify taxonomic problems relating to the identity of Scolelepis (Scolelepis) specimens from the Black Sea, the identified material was compared with specimens of Scolelepis cirratulus (Delle Chiaje, 1829) from the Mediterra-nean, of S. squamata (Abildgaard, in O.F. Müller, 1806) from the North Sea and the Atlantic coast of Spain, and with the syntypes of S. mesnili (Bellan & Lagardère, 1971) from the Atlantic coast of France. The examination of a large number of specimens (both juveniles and adults) reveals that the currently accepted morphological differences distinguishing all species show size-related patterns, suggesting that they all belong to one species. Therefore, this study supports the view that Scolelepis cirratulus and Scolelepis mesnili are junior synonyms of Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata. As a result of the re-assessment of the species limits of Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata, a new species, Scolelepis (Scolelepis) neglecta sp. nov., is distinguished and described from the Cantabrian coast of Spain. It inhabits shallow sublittoral fine sands and was earlier misidentified and reported from the Atlantic coast of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as Scolelepis squa-mata, Scolelepis mesnili, Scolelepis cantabra (Rioja, 1918), or Dispio uncinata Hartman, 1951. The new species is characterized by having a trilobate prostomium with an acuminate medial portion, a short peristomium with well-developed dorso-lateral wings, short palps with two longitudinal bands of elevated lobes, neuropodial postchaetal lamellae notched from chaetigers 14–41, and strongly curved bidentate neuropodial hooded hooks with a slight constriction on the shaft starting from chaetigers 19–49. The morphology, diagnostic characters and ecology of both Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squa-mata and Scolelepis (Scolelepis) neglecta sp. nov. are discussed. Introduction The genus Scolelepis represents a group of spionid polychaetes that share the presence of a pointed prostomium, branchiae beginning from chaetiger 2, the lack of ciliated grooves on palps, and a cushion-like pygidium without cirri. The genus Scolelepis (sensu lato), currently comprising around 85 species, is commonly divided into two subgenera, Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (sensu stricto) with approximately 73 species and Parascolelepis Maciolek, 1987 with 12 species (Sikorski & Pavlova 2015; Meißner & Götting 2015; Read 2016). The diagnostic characters that have proven to be relevant in distinguishing species of Scolelepis (sensu lato) are those related to the shape of the prostomium, the presence and size of lateral wings on the peristomium, the shape of the basal palpal sheaths, the palp ciliation pattern, the presence or absence of notochaetae on chaetiger 1, the shape of postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 1, the degree of branchial fusion, the shape and the distribution of hooded hooks, the nature of notopodial capillaries, the ratio of the length of the hood to main fang, the shape of the anterior and posterior neuropodial postchaetal lamellae, the shape of the posterior notopodial postchaetal lamellae, and the shape of the pygidium

This work recognises five species of Paradiopatra from southwestern Europe, represented in the Bay of Biscay, the Atlantic coasts of Iberia and the western Mediterranean Sea. One species, Paradiopatra florencioi sp. nov., is newly described from the Cantabrian slope, northern Spain. We are presenting detailed diagnoses of all species and report ontogenetic changes of P. bihanica and P. hispanica. Scanning electron microscopy elucidated previously known Meth-ylene Blue or Green staining patterns of the ventral glandular pads as cuticular pores. A dichotomous key to all species is included.

A B S T R A C T During the Vema-TRANSIT (Bathymetry of the Vema-Fracture Zone and Puerto Rico TRench and Abyssal AtlaNtic BiodiverSITy Study) expedition from December, 2014 to January, 2015, a transect along the Vema Fracture Zone in the equatorial Atlantic was surveyed and sampled at about 10°N. The Vema Fracture Zone is one of the largest fracture zones of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and it is characterized by a large left-lateral offset. Benthic communities of the transect and the abyssal basins on both sides were investigated to examine whether the Mid-Atlantic Ridge serves as a physical barrier for these organisms, or if there is a potential connection from east to west via the Vema Fracture Zone. Samples comprised 4149 polychaetes, belonging to 42 families. Exemplary, Polynoidae and Spionidae, both typical deep-sea families with high abundances in all investigated regions, were identified up to species level. The present results show significant differences in polychaete fau-nistic composition between both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Moreover, the eastern and western Vema Fracture Zone characterizes divergent habitats, since the two basins differ in sedimentology and environmental variables (e.g. temperature, salinity), hence characterizing divergent habitats. Most species found were restricted to either eastern or western VFZ, but there was a trans-Mid-Atlantic Ridge distribution of certain abundant species observed, indicating that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge might rather act limiting to dispersal between ocean basins than as an absolute barrier. Given the abyssal valley formed by the Vema Fracture Zone and its role in oceanic currents, this seafloor feature may well represent exchange routes between eastern and western faunas.

The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is directly proportional to age. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases, for example, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, is expected to rise in the coming years. Understanding the etiopathology of these diseases is a crucial step that needs to be taken to develop drugs for their treatment. Animal models are being increasingly used to expand the knowledge and understanding on neurodegenerative diseases. Marine worms, known as polychaetes (phylum Annelida), which are abundantly and frequently found in benthic environments, possess a simple yet complete nervous system (including a true brain that is centralised and specialised) compared to other annelids. Hence, polychaetes can potentially be the next candidate for a nerve disease model. The ability to activate the entire nervous system regeneration (NSR) is among the remarkable features of many polychaetes species. However, the information on NSR in polychaetes and how it can potentially model neurodegenerative diseases in humans is still lacking. By exploring such studies, we may eventually be able to circumvent the developmental constraints that limit NSR in the human nervous system. This article is intended to briefly review responsible mechanisms and signalling pathways of NSR in marine polychaetes and to make a comparison with other established models of neurodegenerative disease.

The Miocene marine deposits at El Camp de Tarragona basin record sedimentation in a mixed (silicilastic-carbonatic) shelf. Some of them display unusual ichnofabrics dominated almost exclusively by the ichnogenus Cylindrichnus. Its ichnologic study, jointly with the review of previous references, allow to
observe several characteristics of this ichnogenus providing more information about their construction and functionality, as well as the potential tracemaking organisms. The trace fossils were probably produced by terebellid polychaetes under low-energy depositional conditions in a middle-distal shelf setting.

Serpulids are an important component of fouling communities. This paper provides an overview of the serpulid species found in North America, as part of a broader study of fouling invertebrates focused on NIS (non-indigenous species) in United States coastal ecosystems. Almost 4400 serpulid specimens were examined from selected fouling plates. Fouling plates were deployed in 26 bays and coastal lagoons along the continental coasts of the United States and Hawaiian islands, primarily in bays and lagoons with salinities averaging 20‰ or greater. Twenty-five serpulid species were identified, including four new records for the United States (Ficopomatus uschakovi, Hydroides cf. brachyacantha, H. longispinosa and Protula longiseta), three known NIS, two presumed NIS, three cryptogenic serpulids, and several range extensions. Crucigera websteri extends its northward range from Santa Barbara Island to Humboldt Bay, California; Ficopomatus enigmaticus, first recorded in North America from Sa...

With regard to the importance of polychaete Perinereis nuntia in diet of shrimp broodstock, achieving its breeding and culture bio technique is an important goal in shrimp industry. For this purpose, usage of diets inducing the highest growth and the lowest mortality is of importance. The effect of four different dietary treatments including commercial shrimp diet-Biomar, Lansy shrimp diet containing Spirulina micro algae, Enteromorpha green algae and Ulva green algae on growth and survival of this species was examined at 35 ppt salinity in present study. A number of 480 Polychaetes with average initial weight of 0.01 ± 0.002 g in four treatments and three replicates were fed the diets for three months. The results indicated significant effect of diet on final weight and survival of Polychaete. Treatments fed with commercial shrimp diet and diet containing Spirulina had higher final weight than treatments fed with Enteromorpha and Ulva algae (P<0.05). Treatments fed with Enteromorpha and Ulva algae had higher survival rates than other treatments (P<0.05). Regarding the high survival rate of treatments fed with Enteromorpha green algae and Ulva green algae and the very low weight gain difference of these two treatments with treatments fed with commercial shrimp diet and diet containing Spirulina, it is recommended to use Enteromorpha and Ulva green algae in raring Perinereis nuntia polychaete.

The polychaetous annelid Diopatra biscayensis Fauchald et al., 2012 was recently described from the Atlantic coast of France. It has been the subject of a plethora of publications dealing with its importance in the field of ecology: from its role as an ecosystem engineer, being an indicative species of climate change in western Europe to questions of whether it was native or introduced to the old continent, spawning theories about its hypothetical routes of introduction and spreading. We have redescribed D. biscayensis, traced its biogeographical history in the Bay of Biscay through examination of old museum holdings and studied its ecology and reproductive biology throughout a one year period from a northern Spain estuary, showing for the first time that the species is a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite. The annual spawning season is from early August to late September, when large numbers of oocytes of 260 mm diameter were deposited in gelatinous egg masses attached to the parental tubes. Early trochophores developed in the jelly mass by 4e6 h, 3-chaetiger metatrochophores after 48 h, and the jelly mass had totally disintegrated by 72 h, releasing the lecithotrophic larvae. Our studies have clarified the morphology and reproductive pattern of D. biscayensis, documented that the species has inhabited the European waters for more than a century and we hope that these findings will serve as a basis to robust ecological studies and hypotheses concerning this and the related species.

Serpulid polychaete tubes are described from Volgian-Ryazanian sediments (?Pyrgopolon decorata (Stolley, 1912), ?Pyrgopolon aff. nodulosum (Lundgren, 1883)) and four contemporaneous hydrocarbon seep deposits (?Pyrgopolon
aff. nodulosum, ?Pyrgopolon sp. A, Propomatoceros sp. A, Nogrobs aff. quadricarinata Münster in Goldfuss, 1831) from Spitsbergen, Svalbard. ese are the oldest serpulid tubes yet described from fossil hydrocarbon seep deposits,
and comprise the most diverse fossil seep serpulid fauna known to date. e
genera Propomatoceros Ware, 1975 and Nogrobs de Montfort, 1808 have their first fossil occurrence elsewhere in the Early Jurassic and then appear in the Svalbard seeps much later. is is the first report of ?Pyrgopolon de Montfort, 1808 from a fossil seep site.

Ravara, A., Wiklund, H., Cunha, M. R. & Pleijel, F. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships within Nephtyidae (Polychaeta, Annelida). —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 394–405.We present the first phylogeny of nephtyids, a common, soft-bottom living polychaete family comprising five genera and over 100 species. Characters used to distinguish nephtyid genera are a matter of controversy and considerable confusion remains as to the generic delineations. The phylogeny is estimated with molecular data from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rDNA, the nuclear genes 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and morphological data. The results reveal two well-supported major clades, corresponding in part to the two main genera of the family, Aglaophamus and Nephtys. The species Nephtys pulchra and Nephtys australiensis are transferred to Aglaophamus, and new diagnoses for the genera are provided. Dentinephtys is synonymized with Nephtys, and Nephtys cornuta is sister to the remaining nephtyids and is referred to the new genus Bipalponephtys, together with Nephtys danida and Micronephthys neotena. Micronephthys is sister to Nephtys and Inermonephtys is of uncertain position.

Annelids are a phylum of segmented bilaterian animals that have become important components of ecosystems spanning terrestrial realms to the deep sea. Annelids are remarkably diverse, possessing high taxonomic diversity and exceptional morphological disparity, and have evolved numerous feeding strategies and ecologies. Their interrelationships and evolution have been the source of much controversy over the past century with the composi- tion of the annelid crown group, the relationship of major groups and the body plan of the ancestral annelid having undergone major recent revisions. There is a convincing body of molecular evidence that polychaetes form a paraphyletic grade and that clitellates are derived polychae- tes. The earliest stem group annelids from Cambrian Lagerst€atten are errant, epibenthic polychaetes, confirming that biramous parapodia, head appendages and diverse, simple chaetae are primitive for annelids. Current evidence from molecular clocks and the fossil record suggest that crown group annelids are a Late Cambrian – Ordovician radiation, with clitellates radiating in the Late Palaeozoic. Their body fossil record is largely confined to deposits showing exceptional preservation and is punctuated by the acquisition of hard parts in major groups. The discovery of an Ordovician fossil with soft tissues has shown that machaeridians are in fact a clade of crown polychaetes. They were in existence for more than 200 million years and possess unique calcitic dorsal armour, allowing their mode of life and phylogeny to be interpreted in the context of the annelid body plan. We identify a novel clade of machaeridians, the Cuniculepadida, which exhibit a series of adaptations for burrowing.

The ultrastructure of the self-constructed tube housing of the bioluminescent marine worm, Chaetopterus sp. reveals that the bio-nanocomposite tube comprises of multiple non-woven plies of multi-axially oriented organic nanofilaments (ø 50-1,100 nm) cemented together by an unstructured organic matrix binder. The thin-walled, impermeable tubes are bio-inspirational for conventional pipe technology. Orientation distribution analyses revealed that the dominant orientation angles of nanofilaments in the tube were 0°, ±45° and ±65°, which correlate well with optimal winding angles for ‘man-made’ fibre reinforced composite pipes subjected to specific loading conditions. Such a use of high aspect ratio nanofilaments in multi-axial laminates would impart toughness and flexibility to the tube structure, and facilitate rapid tube growth. While the tube production mechanism is not entirely known at this stage, our time-lapse studies show that, contrary to generic assumptions in literature, the worm actively, rapidly and sporadically produces and expands the tube.

Ravara, A., Wiklund, H., Cunha, M. R. & Pleijel, F. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships within Nephtyidae (Polychaeta, Annelida). —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 394–405.We present the first phylogeny of nephtyids, a common, soft-bottom living polychaete family comprising five genera and over 100 species. Characters used to distinguish nephtyid genera are a matter of controversy and considerable confusion remains as to the generic delineations. The phylogeny is estimated with molecular data from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rDNA, the nuclear genes 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and morphological data. The results reveal two well-supported major clades, corresponding in part to the two main genera of the family, Aglaophamus and Nephtys. The species Nephtys pulchra and Nephtys australiensis are transferred to Aglaophamus, and new diagnoses for the genera are provided. Dentinephtys is synonymized with Nephtys, and Nephtys cornuta is sister to the remaining nephtyids and is referred to the new genus Bipalponephtys, together with Nephtys danida and Micronephthys neotena. Micronephthys is sister to Nephtys and Inermonephtys is of uncertain position.

The present paper is a comparative study on parasitic infection of commercially important marine fishes from Andaman and Malabar Coast. The host, mode of attachment on the host and location specificity of external parasites also discussed. Parasites are the organisms that adversely affect the growth and normal physiology of the exploited major fishery resources and lead to economic loss by reducing the marketability of the same. In this regard two landing centres viz. Junglighat, Andaman Coast and Chombala, Malabar Coast were surveyed to conduct study on crustacean parasites of commercial marine fishes. A total of 89 marine fish species were collected from both landing centres and a total of 53 parasites belonging to 13 species were identified. A total of 44 parasites from 60 fishes were recorded from Junglighat while only 9 parasites from 29 fishes could be recorded from Chombala fish landing centre. The number of infected specimens and number of parasites recovered more in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Atule mate in Chombala and Junglighat respectively. Most of the Copepod parasites belong to Caligidae and Isopods in Cymothoidae families. Most of infected fishes belongs to family Scombridae at Chombala and Carangidae at Junglighat. Norileca indica (56%) from R. kanagurta in Chombala and Caligus robustus (46%) from Atule mate, Junglighat were more frequent. Caligus kanagurta was the only common parasite infected R. kanagurta from both Malabar and Andaman coast. Prevalence of parasites was more in gill filament (40%) in infected fish species. The sites of attachment of parasites not observed from the body surface and inside the fins during the present study period. The attachment was achieved using their hook and needle like appendages on the surface of the host.

A new species of orbiniid, Scoloplos maranhensis sp. nov., is described from a tropical mangrove (Quebra Pote, state of Maranhão, Brazil, 02°41.344’S; 44°12.604’W) along with a comparative table with all Scoloplos species. The main distinguishing characters of S.  maranhensis sp. nov. are thorax with 12 chaetigers, neuropodia from frst chaetiger, notopodia and neuropodia without papillae, conical branchiae from 12th chaetiger to the end of the body, being larger and more robust in the anterior segments. Thoracic notopodia with seven crenulated capillary chaetae and abdominal notopodia with furcated and capillary chaetae. Thoracic neuropodia rounded with two crenulated capillary chaetae and six slender-smooth hooks, abdominal neuropodia with a post-chaetal lobe and only capillary chaetae. Papillae absent from posterior parapodia; one pair of cirriform anal cirri.

Polychaete is among the largest and most diverse benthic animal in many marine ecosystems. However, in Malaysia the study on diversity of polychaete from soft bottom habitats, especially at the continental shelf of southern South China Sea has not been widely explored. Therefore, this study specifically embarks to determine the diversity of polychaete (Annelida) collected from soft bottom habitats of offshore Pekan-Dungun, Kuala Terengganu and Kudat-Balambangan Island. Results from 43 sampling stations shows that 12, 477 individual of polychaetes were recorded and grouped into 47 families, 217 genera and 368 species. Family Spionidae was found to be the most dominant family contributed 17.7% from the total number of polychaetes, followed by Nephtyidae (7.5%), Paraonidae (6.3%) and Capitellidae (6.1%). The cumulative number of polychaete species was found to be parallel with the increasing number of sampling stations in which it was relatively highest at the offshore area of Pekan-Dungun (302 species, 19 stations), followed by Kudat-Balambangan Island (190 species, 13 stations) and Kuala Terengganu (172 species, 11 stations). In terms of species diversity and evenness indices, the mean value of diversity (3.88 to 5.65) differ significantly (p<0.05) however evenness index (0.72 to 0.92) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the study areas off Pekan-Dungun, Kuala Terengganu and Kudat-Balambangan Island.

The sabellariid Phragmatopoma caudata (Kroyer, 1856), Morch, 1863 is widely distributed in the Americas and constructs large reef agglomerates that provide substrates for other benthic species. However, the difficulty in obtaining size data (especially length) hampers population studies, making it necessary to carry out morphometric studies as basis for studies of population dynamics. The objective of the present study is to determine the best morphological descriptor of length in P. caudata. A total of 17 morphometric variables were measured in specimens from four different populations. Measurements were performed using an ocular micrometer attached to a stereoscopic microscope. Correlations in the dataset were tested using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, and the hypothesis of morphometric differences among populations was tested using MANOVA and principal component analysis. Correlation coefficients were different amongst populations, as well as in the measured traits . Moreover, the results suggest that populations differ more strongly in body size than in shape. Although populations presented different morphometric relationships, the length of the first thoracic chaetiger was one of the variables with highest correlation with total length. This result, as well as the fact that such region is located on the anterior portion of the body, suggests that this structure is a good length descriptor in P. caudata.

ABSTRACT. Ten species of magelonids have been collected at Phuket Island, Thailand. The following species were obtained on the west coast of Phuket Island at depths ranging from 10 to 30 m: Magelona cincta, M. crenulifrons, M. kamala n. sp. ,M. methae n. sp., M. mickminni n. sp.,M. pectinata n. sp., M. petersenae n. sp., M. pygmaea n. sp., and M. tinae n. sp. Of these, M. pectinata and M. tinae have dorso- and ventrolateral flaps, referred to as lateral pouches, between setigers 11 and 12; in M. pectinata the pouches also occur between more posterior setigers. An intertidal species, Magelona noppi n. sp., was collected in Krabi and Trang provinces, on the Thai west coast of the Malay Peninsula. The 10 species of magelonids are described and illustrated; they represent 8 new species and 2 new records for Thailand. A pictorial key to all 10 species is provided.
  Keywords: Polychaeta, Magelonidae, new species, Phuket, Andaman Sea, Thailand, methylene blue staining. [1991. A. Nateewathana & J. Hylleberg].

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to identify Micronephthys sphaerocirrata species in sub-tidal areas of
Chabahar Bay during the time period from June 2013 to February 2014. The study area is located in southeast
of Iran Oman - Sistan and Baluchistan coast. The sampling was performed from Shahid Beheshti, Hafte
Tir and Konarak ports. The samples were taken seasonally from each port three times from the depths of 2-
10 meters by Van-Veen grab (250 cm2) for identification and one liter of sediment was taken to determine the
grain size of the sediment habitat M. sphaerocirrata. The samples were sent to the laboratory and the
identifications were performed based on the necessary resources and references. Also the environmental
factors such as pH, Salinity, temperature in the sample were determined. The results of this study indicated
that M. sphaerocirrata species had the highest frequency during autumn.