Prehistoric fisheries

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Jacks Reef in the Chesapeake and Delmarva Region: Research into the Coastal Archaeology of the Era between circa Cal A.D. 480 to Cal A.D. 900

Archaeological sites on the Delmarva Peninsula dating between 1,500 and 1,100 years ago (500 calAD and 900 calAD) have long been recognized as having strong cultural ties to both the Kipp Island phase and the Intrusive Mound complex. Recent excavations and radiometric dating at two large fishing-related encampment sites along Delmarva’s lower Atlantic seacoast suggest an early (circa 500 calAD) appearance of Jack’s Reef cultural manifestations. At least three Jack’s Reef-related cemeteries are currently documented on the Delmarva Peninsula. These sites along with many others on Delmarva are associated with what has been defined as the Webb phase. A background historical overview is presented along with a summary of the local Jack’s Reef technologies. Subsistence, trade, and exchange patterns are also outlined. It would seem that there is a distinct “coastal” Jack’s Reef adaptation that extends from the Virginia coast north towards the Gulf of Maine. The similarity of certain burial practices, the movement of certain lithic materials, and the presence of specific subsistence remains supports the coastal “Jacks Reef” hypothesis.

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D13 and d15 in ancient and recent fish bones

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LA PESCA ENTRE LOS CAZADORES RECOLECTORES TERRESTRES DE LA ISLA GRANDE DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO, DESDE LA PREHISTORIA A TIEMPOS ETNOGRÁFICOS *FISHING AMONG TERRESTRIAL HUNTER GATHERERS OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO MAIN ISLAND, FROM PREHISTORY TO ETHNOGRAPHIC TIMES

This paper examines the development of fishing strategies by terrestrial hunter-gatherers in northern Tierra del Fuego between 5000 BP and recent times. To do so, archaeological data (technology and fish bones) and ethnographic sources related to fishing practice are assessed. Analysis of this evidence reveals different moments in which the importance of fishing increases as well as some variability in the modes of exploitation. The study also detects the presence of specialized fishing camps dated to around 2300 BP and later times, their position coherent with other marine and terrestrial resources. The paper discusses the presence of fishing corrals in the northern coast of Tierra del Fuego and highlights the permanence and diffusion of technological traditions through time and space in the broad area comprised by the northern and southern archipelagos.

KEY WORD: fishing strategies, Tierra del Fuego, ictioarchaeology, fishing technology, ethnography.

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R. Leineweber, H. Lübke, M. Hellmund, H.-J. Döhle u. S. Klooß (2011) A Late Neolithic fishing fence in Lake Arendsee, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

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- by Harald Lübke and +1
  Stefanie Klooss
- •
- 9
  Neolithic Archaeology, Fishing Gears, Underwater Archaeology, Single Grave Culture

28th EAA Meeting Session: #196: "A Universe with an Additional Dimension": The Socioenvironmental Archaeology of Fishing

Numerous archaeozoological studies, as well as the development of biomolecular approaches (stable isotope analysis, organic residue analysis, etc.) have revealed the important contribution of fish to human diets through space and time. In some cases, for example in a number of Mesolithic contexts, fishing constituted the main part of the subsistence economy. However, unlike other modes of subsistence (hunting, gathering, agriculture), fishing required humans to adapt to a whole different medium. As noted by the American anthropologist Gordon Hewes, due to their specific features, aquatic environments are a strange realm from the point of view of land-dwelling beings-"a universe with an additional dimension". Apart from affording particular sensory experiences, fishing also entangled humans in a web of relations with a multitude of aquatic creatures. Landscape socialization, human movement within the landscape, the location of camps and settlements, activities, and beliefs were intimately bound to, and influenced by, natural cycles of various fish species-their migrations, spawning locations, appearance and behaviours. Such interspecies engagements were also expressed materiallythrough the structured deposition of fish remains, the usage of fish teeth and vertebrae to adorn human bodies, and in fish-related iconography (sculpture, rock carvings, paintings). With these considerations in mind, we invite a wide range of contributions concerning socioenvironmental aspects of fishing beyond exploitation and diet. We welcome papers approaching this issue from a variety of perspectives-archaeozoological, historical, anthropological, environmental, phenomenological, multispecies, and relational, regardless of chronological, geographical or cultural context.

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Size Estimation of Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Remains from Shemya Island (Orchard and Crockford 2010)

Simple linear regression for estimating fish length has been applied to remains of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) from two sites on Shemya Island (ATU-003 and ATU-061). Al-though five major methods have been used for the estimation of fish size from archaeological remains, Casteel (1976:122) suggests that the best method involves simple linear regression. Because skeletal size and fish length are highly correlated and form a linear relationship, the simple linear regression approach involves the creation of regression formulae that compare the length of a fish to specific measurements of skeletal elements. The derived formulae can then be used to estimate the size of fish from measurements of archaeological remains. Estimating the sizes of fish prehistorically harvested allows more detailed conclusions to be drawn regarding ancient fishing practices. In addition, possible impacts of identified harvesting methods on past fish populations can also be assessed, as illustrated by the Pacific cod example presented here.

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On the use of fishing nets at the Zamostje 2 site / К вопросу об использовании рыболовных сетей на поселении Замостье 2

The economy of the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic population of the forest zone of Eastern Europe was highly dependent on the exploitation of water resources. The settlements of ancient hunters-fishermen along the shores of large lakes succeeded each other for millennia. It was at this time that fish from an episodic food gradually became an important part of the diet, possibly within a seasonal cycle, and fishing became the most important economic activity. The development of various methods of fishing is evidenced by a number of specialized tools made of bone, and, under favorable circumstances, of wood, including a variety of fishing structures. As for fishing nets, in most cases only indirect evidence, such as sinkers, floats, boats and even paddles, points to their use. At the well-known Late Mesolithic — Early Neolithic site of Zamostje 2, in addition to the above finds, a large series of knots from vegetable fibers were collected, the analysis of which is the subject of this work.

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Prehistoric fisheries

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