Ricard Marlasca Martín

Between 2008 and 2012, a joint project called ‘Fishing and Fish-processing at Pompeii and Herculaneum’ explored the
exploitation of marine resources in the region around mount Vesuvius in the Roman period. All available evidence for the marine
species fished and consumed in the area (from iconography to archaeozoological remains), the fishing tackle, the areas used for
processing and preparing fish, and the local/regional ceramic vessels (mainly amphorae and urcei) used for trading with fish marine
foodstuffs were collected and analyzed. Field work was conducted in the so-called Garum Shop or Bottega del Garum (1, 12, 8), the only
place clearly being used at the time of the Plinian eruption in AD 79 for the preparation and sale of fish preserves.
An exceptional deposit of around one hundred complete amphorae, stored in the second courtyard of the Garum shop (room 13),
known as the ‘pila d’anfore’, was analyzed; most of these containers belonged to the Dr. 21-22 family. The deposit was dug, analyzed
in detail and partially published. The importance of this deposit is that for the first time we were able to demonstrate Botte’s
hypothesis, that these italic amphorae were used for the bottling of fish products and not dried fruit. Most of the Dr. 21-22 contained
archaeozoological remains, as they had been emptied just before the eruption (scales, vertebrae and other fish bones attached to
their walls). The archaeozoological study carried out determined the existence of different fish-families (Clupeidae, Engraulidae,
Carangidae, Scombridae and Sparidae); especially interesting is the connection of these archaeozoological remains with the tituli
picti that refer to the palaeocontent (mainly MAL, SP and COP but also AB, CE, COP AB and VR are known) of the amphorae. Based on
this evidence, we can argue that these are not abbreviations of fish names as previously assumed, but products manufactured with
the said species, as in many cases the same fish species are associated with amphorae bearing different inscriptions. In this paper,
the ichthyological palaeocontent of 8 amphorae from the ‘Pila d’Anfore’ is presented in detail, which confirms the use primarily of
two taxa as the main ingredients (picarel — Spicara smaris and anchovy — Engraulis encrasicolus). These data verify the relationship of
these well-known Italic amphorae types with Italian fish-processing plants from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD.

En este trabajo presentamos los primeros restos de gallo doméstico (Gallus gallus) documentados en el yacimiento de Can Roqueta (Cataluña). En concreto, se trata de tres huesos de dos individuos
diferentes localizados en dos estructuras de la Primera Edad del Hierro procedentes del sector Can Roqueta-Can Revella. Estos restos constituyen hoy en día la evidencia radiocarbónica más antigua
de esta ave de origen asiático en el noreste peninsular. Por otro lado, su contexto de aparición nos lleva a valorar la adscripción de este animal con el comercio fenicio, el cual bien pudo actuar como
agente difusor, y nos permite reflexionar sobre los contactos y las relaciones que pudieron existir durante la Primera Edad del Hierro en la zona litoral y prelitoral del centro de Cataluña.

Among the materials used during the recent prehistory for the manufacture of ornaments we find fish vertebrae. Practically all of the analyzed beads belong to chondrichthyan vertebrae, and several species of sharks and stin-grays have been identified, some of which show a specific chrono-cultural distribution. In the Iberian Peninsula, the use of vertebrae of marine fish was found during the early Neolithic in residential contexts of several sites in the Valencian central regions and in Catalonia, and during the Middle Neolithic in eastern Andalusia. From the end of the Neolithic, the number of deposits increased, mostly located on the Mediterranean slope south of the Júcar river, where this type of beads is basically documented in funerary contexts. During the Bronze Age they continue to be used sporadically in the Valencian and Manchego Bronze and have a strong presence in burial contexts of the Argaric Bronze. INTRODUCCIÓN Durante la prehistoria reciente peninsular, las materias primas utilizadas para la confección de adornos personales son muy variadas. Entre ellas se encuentran algunas de origen marino, sobre todo conchas de molusco y, en menor número, corales y vértebras de pez. Los adornos realizados a partir de conchas han llamado la atención de numerosos investigadores y han sido analizados en profundidad, lo que ha significado la publicación de nu-Recursos marins en el passat. IV Jornades d'arqueozoologia. Museu de Prehistòria de València (2019): 193-220.

Within the framework of execution of the investigation project "Wood, Bone, Ivory, Antler and Shell. Marginal or marginalized crafts?" (HAR2013-45770-ACOMP/2015/256) we reviewed a small set of modified fish vertebrae from the Iberian period. The use of these objects was related as beads. They were always recognized as vertebrae of ichthyofauna remains, but in almost no case, the species to which they belonged had been identified, neither had they been treated jointly. Our purpose here is to identify the species and try to approach the explanation of their use and presence in Iberian settlements, necropolis and votive deposits. INTRODUCCIÓN En este estudio presentamos las vértebras de pescado recuperadas en con-textos ibéricos, que han sido modificadas perforando el canal medular y, por lo tanto, usadas como cuentas. Su documentación no es muy abun-dante, al tratarse de un tipo de abalorio poco generalizado, probablemente debido al uso de otros materiales más cotidianos y de más fácil acceso para la confección de elementos de adorno personal, accesorios o decoración. En el mundo ibérico, las cuentas más habituales son las realizadas sobre diáfisis de huesos largos de macromamíferos, de formas discoidales y perfo-radas en la parte central. Este tipo de artefactos están documentados, entre otros, en los oppida del Tossal de Sant Miquel (Llíria, València) (Bonet, Recursos marins en el passat. IV Jornades d'arqueozoologia. Museu de Prehistòria de València (2019): 221-237.

This paper presents the multi-disciplinary sampling strategy that has been applied at the archaeological site of La Draga during the last three fieldwork campaigns (2010–2012). A preliminary evaluation of the results is presented in order to discuss the efficiency of the strategy in answering the outlined scientific questions. The strategies applied for faunal remains (one hundred per cent recovery), wood remains (selective sampling) and charcoal remains (random sampling of twenty-five fragments per square) proved to be
successful. The anticipated levels for ichthyofauna, entomofauna and nonligneous plant macroremains were not attained using this sampling strategy. Some explanations for this are proposed (e.g. high degree of erosion of the archaeological layer). Further guidelines for future work are established. This strategy could be applied to other Mediterranean wetland sites.

El jaciment protohistòric de Font de la Canya és un jaciment emblemàtic de la recerca arqueològica del Penedès i de Catalunya. Amb una seqüència de 15 anys de campanyes d’excavacions consecutives (1999-2014) ha proporcionat un volum de dades excepcional, en qualitat i quantitat, les quals, sens dubte, representen una aportació cabdal al coneixement de la primera edat del ferro i l’època ibèrica.

Studies on fisheries and the fish-salting
industry in ancient times have paid little
attention to date to the finding of cartilaginous
fish (Chondrichthyes), which are very present
in archaeozoological records, albeit in small
quantities. In this paper we present new evidence
coming from archaeological activities in two sites
in the “Circle of the Strait”, Luis Milena in San
Fernando (2nd century BC) and Alcalde Victori
Goñalons from Ceuta (8th-9th centuries AD). With
the identification of Thresher sharks (Alopias
vulpinus), trying to demonstrate the diachronic
attesting of these resources; And a preliminary
review of the published bibliography, putting on
the table the abundance of sharks, and the scant
attention paid to the research to date. We also
reflect on the bromatological –nutritional- role
that these resources could have, and their fishing,
salting and socio-economic importance in
Antiquity, opening a new line of research to be
developed in the future.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la campaña arqueológica desarrollada en 2015 en el sector oriental del barrio industrial de Baelo Claudia, que ha permitido descubrir importantes evidencias de producciones salazoneras y salsarias in situ, realizadas en base a túnidos las primeras, y a clupeidos las segundas. Estos excepcionales hallazgos permiten no sólo arrojar datos de gran interés desde un punto de vista ictiológico, sino también confirmar igualmente que estas nuevas fábricas salazoneras sobre las que se está trabajando (Conjuntos Industriales XI y XII) son las más amplias de todas las descubiertas hasta ahora en Baelo Claudia, permitiendo así realizar un mejor acercamiento a la dimensión real de las industrias haliéuticas en esta ciudad y, por extensión, en el Fretum Gaditanum.

In these pages we present the results of the archaeological season carried out in 2016
in two new cetariae called Conjunto Industrial XI and Conjunto Industrial XII, located
in the southern quarter of the Roman city of Baelo Claudia. It has been possible to
define the spatial organization of these two cetariae, as well as the ichthyological characterization
of the sauces (mainly clupeids and Engraulidae) and salsamentum (tuna)
documented both inside the tanks and in the working areas nearby. All these results
improve the knowledge of halieutic productions in this geographical area of the Fretum
Gaditanum.

The paleocontent of a Roman gradation amphora (II c. AD) found at Emerita Augusta is presentar from an interdisciplinary perspective (archaeology, epigraphy, pollen analysis, archaeozoology). Garum with vegetables has been, for the first time, found in maritime transport containers

Aquest article presenta els resultats de l’estudi combinat de les anàlisis bioarqueològiques, paleoambientals i d’arqueologia del paisatge realitzades durant les excavacions del projecte PALAP a la ciutat de l’edat del bronze a Palaikastro, Creta oriental. L’estudi va indicar que la zona ja estava ocupada al neolític i va permetre conèixer l’entorn de la ciutat i els recursos disponibles. El desenvolupament de la ciutat es va recolzar en activitats arrelades a la història de la zona. La gestió de l’oliva i dels ovicaprins van constituir la base de les activitats econòmiques de la ciutat i van contribuir a la intensa explotació de parts del seu territori. L’agricultura i l’explotació dels recursos costaners estaven orientats cap a la subsistència i la producció de colorant porpra, que va tenir lloc a diverses parts de la ciutat. En general, aquest estudi va permetre obtenir noves dades sobre l’economia local amb repercussions sobre la nostra comprensió del procés d’urbanització i l’aparició de les societats minoiques complexes durant l’edat del bronze.

This paper examines agriculture, farming and dietary resources in east Crete, and re-evaluates the role of grape and olive in its prehistoric economy, these being key in debates on the emergence of social complexity. To do so bioarchaeological, paleoenvironmental and landscape survey data from the Bronze Age town at Palaikastro and its territory are combined. The results indicate a highly compartmentalised landscape, including intensive crop cultivation and extensive animal herding with careful monitoring to maintain productivity. A heightened specialisation in ovicaprine management at Palaikastro and east Crete seems to be delineated. Marine resources were regularly exploited from easily accessible coastal areas. Other activities included viticulture since the Early Minoan period, with the possible involvement of several houses in wine-making. A final important activity in the area was large-scale olive tree management since the Final Neolithic period and through to the Late Bronze Age, that seems to be entangled with ovicaprine herding and grazing. Thus, the demand for olive oil production does not seem to have been the driving force behind the intensification of the tree management, at least initially, but a corollary of its use in other aspects of the local economy.