Public Health education and promotion

State officials in early republican Turkey framed malaria as both a medical and a political issue. In doing so, they engaged in public health education campaigns not only to resolve medical concerns but also to better govern the country’s population and promote a broader modernist agenda. This article employs primary sources from Turkish archives and other collections in order to examine the governmental and the biopolitical implications of this experience. We thus scrutinize the civilizational discourse employed by politicians and physicians as they dealt with this “village disease,” the peoples who they encountered -- and taught, and the obstacles that they perceived to exist within the traditional curative beliefs and practices found throughout rural Anatolia. Emphasizing modernist ideals in their medicine as much as in their politics, we conclude that health officials’ lessons for waging an effective “war” on malaria targeted not just the disease but also its perceived societal sources of origin and -- hence -- the very populace it presumably sought to protect.

Introducción
El desarrollo normativo de la Ley 44/2003, a través del Real Decreto 639/2014, inició el proceso de reorganización de la Formación Sanitaria Especializada (FSE). El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar una propuesta de competencias específicas para la especialidad de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública mediante un análisis comparado y proceso participativo.

Métodos
Cuatro fases: 1) análisis y extracción de competencias de documentación de organismos oficiales; 2)consulta dirigida a personas clave; 3)consulta abierta a residentes y personas implicadas en la FSE, y 4)difusión a la Comisión Nacional de la Especialidad y público general.

Resultados
1) Se extrajeron 543 competencias y 67 categorías de 7 fuentes primarias (Austria, Canadá, ECDC, Estados Unidos, Francia, Reino Unido y OPS). Se produjeron 126 competencias en 12 categorías. 2)Participaron 10 personas clave, 64 competencias fueron modificadas, 10 eliminadas y 9 nuevas. 3)Hubo 32 respuestas: 132 competencias en 12 categorías. Propuesta final: 145 competencias en 21 categorías, organizadas en 3 bloques: competencias genéricas, técnicas y específicas.

Conclusión
La propuesta final es producto de la participación de residentes y personas implicadas en la FSE, partiendo del actual marco y del análisis del desarrollo de la especialidad en el contexto internacional. Se han incorporado conceptos presentes en países de nuestro entorno y cercanos a la práctica.

Objective The lack of reliable and valid tools for assessing
the factors that influence stretching exercises (SEs) among
Iranian office employees is obvious. This study aimed
to design and evaluate psychometric properties of this
instrument.
Design
Cross-sectional study of psychometric properties.
s
etting
Da
ta were gathered from May to September
2017.
Participants
Participants were 420 office employees who
were working in 10 health centres affiliated to the Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.
Primary outcome measures

The instrument was
designed on the basis of the constructs of the health
promotion model (HPM) and extant litera
ture. Exploratory
factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s α and intraclass
correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed to check the
scale’s psychometric properties.
results
In total,
420 questionnaires were completed. The
mean age of the office employees was 37.1±8.03 years.
Among the 86 items, 77 items had significant item-to-total
correlations (p<0.05). The results showed good internal
consistency and reliability for the whole questionnaire and
each domain. EFA results confirmed 53.32% of the total
variance of the items yielded in 11 subscales. The ICC was
acceptable (0.78, 95%

CI 0.70 to 0.88).
Conclusions
The Stretching Exercise Influencing Scale
(SEIS) can be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring
the factors that influence SEs among office employees.
trial registration IRCT20160824295512N1

This article describes the collective experience of a game construction by students and teachers at the Polytechnic School of Health Professional Education Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV/FIOCRUZ), in the context of a subject of the Health Professional Education curriculum. From the discussion proposed by teachers about the relationship between health and social economic development within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), some principles of Game Design were presented and incorporated in the educational activity. Such principles were applied to enhance practices that comply with the terms of a procedural rhetoric as outlined by Bogost, and most especially, with the terms of tipical games’s procedurality. Thus, this article serves as an account of a wider movement of integration between students and teachers in the practice of creating and developing ludificated systems aiming at promoting knowledge in the context of the aforementioned subject and, more generally, the Health Professional Education. Considering the game as an educational technology that enhances the knowledge construction process, this article presents an engagement situation and the possibility of developing critical subjectivities with and for the agents involved.

Background: School children and adolescents physical activity motive is strategic in ecological and all inclusive conceptual comfort, bodily comfort, communal comfort and sentimental comfort, in so doing upholding the simplicity of the day-today deeds of learners empty of unnecessary lethargy. This survey target to catch a well-adjusted and well-investigated aim of pupil's motives of physical activity: a public health education survey in Sierra Leone, on the integrity of upholding a hale and hearty atmosphere in building a strong and vibrant children, youngsters, and grownups.
Methods: Motives for Physical Activity Questionnaire Revised (MPAQ-R) was the established investigation device. The variables were investigated using IBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean cross-sectional average of 12.0±3.0, a 100% reply rate and N = 204 sample participants, stretching from 10-18 years, using a simple random sample. (SRS) choice.
Results: In relations to outcomes, the benefits of engaging in physical activity as motive for pupils physical activity by sex stood out high for very true for males (n=419) and females (n=383) with a mean and standard deviation for males (1.02±0.187) and females (1.04±0.266)). In addition, by level (JSS1, JSS2 & JSS3), shows high for very true JSS1 (n=323), JSS2 (n=279) and JSS3 (n=200) at significant value of 0.358. Conclusion and Endorsement: In deduction, the benefits derived from engaging in physical activity is a fundamental motive for children and adolescents involvement in physical activity amid added issues in relations to sex, and academic level, hence supporting both internal and external enthusiasm of children and adolescents motives of physical activity. In endorsement, that children and adolescents physical activity motives be more geared towards their voluntary involvement into physical activity due to the benefits they derive from it rather than their involuntary involvement into physical activity due to the influence of others ranging from sex (males and females) and academic levels (JSS1,2&3) respectively.