Growing woody plants on farm land not only promotes biodiversity conservation but also supports the livelihood of local communities by offering essential ecosystem services. The presents tudy aimed to assess the woody species diversity... more
Growing woody plants on farm land not only promotes biodiversity conservation but also supports the livelihood of local communities by offering essential ecosystem services. The presents tudy aimed to assess the woody species diversity within indigenous agroforestry practices in Kellem Wollega Zone, western Ethiopia. From Kellem Wollega, three districts: Dale Sadi, Gawo Qebe, and Sadi Canqa were purposively selected. A total of135 plots were surveyed, with 45 plots per district across various land use classes, documenting species diversity, evenness, richness, frequency, and important value index. Fifty six (56) woody species from 29 families were counted. Fabaceae family was identified as the most dominant, comprising 7 species (12.5 %), followed by Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae families, each with 4 species (7.17%). About 71.43% of species identified species were categorized as trees, while 28.57% were classified as shrubs. This finding confirmed that the indigenous homegarden agroforestry exhibited the greatest diversity of woody species, while woodlots exhibited the lowest diversity. Furthermore, the results indicate significant variations in species diversity across different land use categories (p <0.001). These results underscore the contribution of indigenous agroforestry practices in enhancing biodiversity and supporting a number of woody species within their ecosystem.
Transport is exceptionally vital to carry the loads and products from one corner of the country and abroad to the other and for this reason Bangladeshi Railway play exceptionally vital part. Bangladesh's railway framework generally... more
Transport is exceptionally vital to carry the loads and products from one corner of the country and abroad to the other and for this reason Bangladeshi Railway play exceptionally vital part. Bangladesh's railway framework generally employments normal manual railway crossing method or boom entryways through its 2,955.53 km rail course all over the nation. The accidents are regularly happening within the railway intersections due to not having implement perceptible and quickly operating gate framework, additionally for less security measures within the railroad crossing. Right now, there are exceptionally few programmed railway crossing frameworks (without obstacle detector) accessible, be that as it may all of them are without a reinforcement arrange for any emergency cases. Intelligent traffic systems for railway object detection have become the focus of research in recent years.
This paper suggests an approach towards an intelligent and automatic management of a railway transportation system in order to prevent hazards like collisions. The system is designed as such that it is most viable for Bangladesh, however, it can also be easily implemented at any other railway infrastructure. The system features active train detection using IR sensor coordinates and obstacle detection at level crossings using Hydraulic road; automatic signaling and gate control at level crossings using light emitting diodes (LEDs) and servo motors; automatic and manual communication between trains and level crossings .Our design includes the integration and interaction of four separate sub-systems: central control system(based on Arduino UNO) , hydraulic road control system, automatic gate control system and train system. We design to use infrared (IR) sensors to operate the railway crossing systems which will be controlled by the Arduino Uno. Implementation of such a system in Bangladesh Railway will not only provide a comprehensive level of safety in railway transportation but also take Bangladesh a step forward towards the much-anticipated dream by Bangladesh government of creating a ‘Digital Bangladesh’.
The main aim of this project is to reduce train accidents at railway level crossings to the minimum. Experimental studies show that the proposed methodology provides a more cost effective, reliable and simpler railway gate controller than existing dominant work.
Using technology to create online examination is important, more than that, exploring the recent research in the area of standardization of the learning and the assessment content is of paramount. However, there is still a lack of... more
Using technology to create online examination is important, more than that, exploring the recent research in the area of standardization of the learning and the assessment content is of paramount. However, there is still a lack of reusable, interoperable and exchangeable learning resources that afford much motivation to instructors. Assessing acquired knowledge is the primary task of any Learning Management Systems (LMS). Consequent-ly, sharing evaluation contents is a major challenge for software engineering. In this paper, we present the “CleverTesting” assessment authoring tool, focusing on its architecture and its conformance to the Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) specification proposed by IMS Global Learning Consortium. We adopt the QTI specification to create reusable, interoperable and sharable assessment content. Our system has three important components: The first component is “CleverTesting” a quiz authoring tool that allows building sharable question items. The s...
Resumen: We propose a framework for organizing multiple metadata specifications in a container that can be handled as a whole. This framework, named Information for Learning Object eXchange (ILOX), is developed as part of the IMS Learning... more
Resumen: We propose a framework for organizing multiple metadata specifications in a container that can be handled as a whole. This framework, named Information for Learning Object eXchange (ILOX), is developed as part of the IMS Learning Object Discovery & ...
Using technology to create online examination is important, more than that, exploring the recent research in the area of standardization of the learning and the assessment content is of paramount. However, there is still a lack of... more
Using technology to create online examination is important, more than that, exploring the recent research in the area of standardization of the learning and the assessment content is of paramount. However, there is still a lack of reusable, interoperable and exchangeable learning resources that afford much motivation to instructors. Assessing acquired knowledge is the primary task of any Learning Management Systems (LMS). Consequent-ly, sharing evaluation contents is a major challenge for software engineering. In this paper, we present the “CleverTesting” assessment authoring tool, focusing on its architecture and its conformance to the Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) specification proposed by IMS Global Learning Consortium. We adopt the QTI specification to create reusable, interoperable and sharable assessment content. Our system has three important components: The first component is “CleverTesting” a quiz authoring tool that allows building sharable question items. The s...
The IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) standard has not had a great take-up in part due to the lack of tools. In the 2006 JISC Capital, three Assessment projects were commissioned: item authoring, item banking, and QTI-compliant... more
The IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) standard has not had a great take-up in part due to the lack of tools. In the 2006 JISC Capital, three Assessment projects were commissioned: item authoring, item banking, and QTI-compliant test delivery. This paper describes the 'ASDEL'test delivery engine, focusing upon its architecture, its relation to the item authoring and item banking services, and the integration of the R2Q2 Web service. The project first developed a java library to implement the system. This will allow other ...
Will the question banks you are creating be accessible in future years when the assessment system you use is no longer supported? Can student assessment data be transferred from your assessment system to your institution's student... more
Will the question banks you are creating be accessible in future years when the assessment system you use is no longer supported? Can student assessment data be transferred from your assessment system to your institution's student records systems? Interoperability is, or ...
The IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) standard has not had a great take-up in part due to the lack of tools. In the 2006 JISC Capital, three Assessment projects were commissioned: item authoring, item banking, and QTI-compliant... more
The IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) standard has not had a great take-up in part due to the lack of tools. In the 2006 JISC Capital, three Assessment projects were commissioned: item authoring, item banking, and QTI-compliant test delivery. This paper describes the 'ASDEL'test delivery engine, focusing upon its architecture, its relation to the item authoring and item banking services, and the integration of the R2Q2 Web service. The project first developed a java library to implement the system.
