Risk Ratio

This study provided descriptive data on the denial of handgun purchases in California in 1991 and compared the handgun preferences of persons denied, as a result of prior criminal activity, to those of the general population of handgun purchasers. The study population consisted of all 3,589 persons whose handgun purchases were denied in the study year and a random sample of 7,197 persons whose handgun purchases were approved. Of those denied a handgun purchase, 3,276 (91.3 percent) were denied as a result of prior criminal activity; 2,014 (56.1 percent) had been convicted of a violent crime. Fewer than 1 percent of all federally licensed firearms dealers in the state were involved in more than half of all instances of the denial of handgun purchases. Compared to the general population of handgun purchasers, persons denied the right to purchase a handgun as a result of prior criminal activity were more likely to select handguns with barrel lengths of three inches or less (risk ratio [RR] = 1.45; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.38, 1.54) and were nearly twice as likely to select small, inexpensive handguns (RR = 1.91, 95 percent CI = 1.76–2.07).

BACKGROUND: In 2001, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. The objectives of this study are to assess awareness of the WHO recommendation among first-time mothers (women at 24 to 34 weeks of pregnancy) and to explore the relationship between this awareness and mothers' intention to exclusively breastfeed for six months. METHODS: