Abstract- Organizational silence is the phenomenon in which employees withhold their ideas, opinions, and information. Silence can have caustic effects on organizational culture. Organizational culture is the important factor that... more
Abstract- Organizational silence is the phenomenon in which employees withhold their ideas, opinions, and information. Silence can have caustic effects on organizational culture. Organizational culture is the important factor that facilitates ways of expressing ideas by employees and preventing silence. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on organizational silence with moderating role of gender of academic and administration members of Business schools in Peshawar, Pakistan. The nature of the current study is a descriptive-analytical and correlational analysis. The population of the present study consisted of all academic and administration members of Business schools in Peshawar, Pakistan (213 individuals). Data collection was carried out using self-administrated questionnaires. The results of the present study indicated that organizational culture had a significant impact on the organizational silence of Academic and Administration Members in Business schools in Peshawar, Pakistan. While gender significantly moderates the relationship between organizational culture and employee silence. Keywords- Organizational Culture, Organizational Silence, Role of Gender
'See 500 sexy models reveal all.' This Motor Show slogan provides a graphic reminder of the traditional role of women in car culture – as adjuncts rather than drivers. Stephen Bayley’s 1986 essay Sex, Drink and Fast Cars typifies 'man's... more
'See 500 sexy models reveal all.' This Motor Show slogan provides a graphic reminder of the traditional role of women in car culture – as adjuncts rather than drivers. Stephen Bayley’s 1986 essay Sex, Drink and Fast Cars typifies 'man's relationship' with his car as being all about power, as articulated by designers, stylists, advertising creatives and marketing professionals. For Bayley, a woman in a powerful car is 'at once titillating and de-masculating' and represents 'an overt sexual statement'. The feeling is mutual, it seems, as shown by the female journalist who admitted: ‘men who are ambivalent about driving are not attractive to me. And it’s not just me.’ The masculine dominance of car culture is sustained even though an increasing number of women drive and as increasing numbers of women work as car journalists.
This study assesses women’s occupational status portrayed in Chinese advertising through a content analysis of 1,524 models in 12 Chinese magazines. Contrary to the authors’ predictions, Chinese men were not more likely than Chinese women... more
This study assesses women’s occupational status portrayed in Chinese advertising through a content analysis of 1,524 models in 12 Chinese magazines. Contrary to the authors’ predictions, Chinese men were not more likely than Chinese women to be shown in working roles, or less likely than Chinese women to be shown in Family roles. However, a gender bias was revealed in other subcategories of occupational status: Chinese men were more likely to be portrayed as High-level business executives and Professionals, less likely to be shown as Entertainers, and less likely to be shown as Models. As predicted, Western women were less likely than Chinese women to be shown in working roles, in Family roles, and more likely to be shown as Models. Overall, advertising portrayals of gender roles in the Chinese context reflected the coexistence of global consumer culture and Chinese local dynamics.
