Irfan Ullah Stanikzai
Islamia College University Peshawar, Management Sciences, Graduate Student
This study explore economic development, Historical importance and achieving the SDGs 2030 in the country. Methods: The research methodology employed a qualitative approach, used semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions... more
This study explore economic development, Historical importance and achieving the SDGs 2030 in the country. Methods: The research methodology employed a qualitative approach, used semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions for data collection, followed by thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes. We implemented rigorous measures such as purposive sampling, data triangulation, reflexivity, and ethical considerations to enhance the credibility and validity of the research. Results: The results show that through effective management, the Qosh Tepa Canal can bring sustainable prosperity to the lives of Afghans in the form of economic development, historical significance, and achieving some of the SDGs 2030 in Afghanistan. Conclusion: In conclusion, the construction of the Qosh Tepa Canal in Afghanistan has significant implications for economic development, historical significance, water management, and the achievement of various Sustainable Development Goals. It has the potential to revolutionize agriculture, attract investment, create employment, enhance export potential, address water shortages, and contribute to poverty reduction, food security, decent work, sustainable infrastructure, responsible consumption, and the preservation of land ecosystems. Recommendation: The Afghan government should prioritize continued support, investment, and effective management of the Qosh Tepa Canal to ensure sustained economic, social, and environmental benefits.
Research Interests:
Purpose: The research is about the effect of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth for Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange listed non-financial firms in Tanzania from 2005 to 2019. Design/methodology: The research employs secondary data... more
Purpose: The research is about the effect of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth for Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange listed non-financial firms in Tanzania from 2005 to 2019. Design/methodology: The research employs secondary data information from firms’ financial reports as published on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange website, using descriptive statistics, panel dynamic least square method, and cointegration analysis to test the association between variables. Findings: The results show that at 95 percent level of significance, dividend per share have significant positive effects on all proxies for shareholders’ wealth. However, dividend yield has insignificant negative effects on all proxies for shareholders’ wealth. The moderating variable indicates that investment opportunities have positive and significant effects on all the shareholders’ wealth proxies, which is one of the factors that strengthen the relationship between dividend policy and shareholders’ wealth. Originality/v...
Research Interests:
Aim: The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Iran-Afghanistan border management and migration challenges. Methods: The research methodology involved content analysis to identify key themes and patterns, followed by... more
Aim: The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Iran-Afghanistan border management and migration challenges. Methods: The research methodology involved content analysis to identify key themes and patterns, followed by framework analysis. Non-probability sampling was used to obtain in-depth insights, and relevant news articles, research articles, and books were selected based on relevance and credibility. Results: The results indicate that Iran plans to establish a joint free trade center with Afghanistan, facilitates visas for Afghan traders and workers to prevent illegal migration, shares historical and cultural bonds, implements security measures at the border, announces plans to block parts of the border, and engages in coordination efforts to resolve border problems and ensure smooth crossborder movement. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis reveals the importance of collaborative economic integration, border facilitation, historical and cultural bonds, while also highlighting the need for balanced border security measures and coordinated efforts to address border challenges. Recommendation: Foster economic integration, enhance border facilitation, strengthen cultural bonds, balance border security measures, promote bilateral coordination, seek mutual understanding on border closure, and emphasize regional security cooperation.
Research Interests:
The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of social media platform marketing on the global reach and performance of the UK retail sector organization, spe cifically focusing on the case of Tesco, and to provide recommendations for... more
The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of social media platform marketing on the global reach and performance of the UK retail sector organization, spe cifically focusing on the case of Tesco, and to provide recommendations for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of social media tools implementation for increased sales and revenue. The method of the study involves conducting a survey questionnaire among 107 employees of Tesco, selected through systematic sampling with priority given to marketing employees, followed by analysing the collected primary data using frequency analysis and descriptive statistics to explore themes related to social media platform marketing and its impact on Tesco's global reach and performance, as well as challenges and solutions associated with its implementation. The study found that implementing social media marketing positively affects Tesco's operational ability, with website traffic being the most influential factor, and emphasizes the importance of setting clear marketing goals and SMART objectives to manage challenges effectively. Based on the analysis, it is recommended that Tesco should implement SMART objectives, establish an effective budget, utilize social listening tools, develop a strong social media platform portfolio, and conduct market research to enhance their social media marketing strategy and improve business performance
Research Interests:
Aim: the research investigate the relationship between Afghanistan and China within the framework of wakhan corridor, it focus on infrastructure development, geopolitical ramifications, and economic interest of this vital area. Methods: A... more
Aim: the research investigate the relationship between Afghanistan and China within the framework of wakhan corridor, it focus on infrastructure development, geopolitical ramifications, and economic interest of this vital area. Methods: A primary data collected through snowballing technique from experts and secondary data collected from academic articles, government reports, policy papers, news and analyze through content analysis. Results: In the development of Wakhan Corridor China has security, economic and strategic objectives, the impact of china investment on corridor's infrastructure play a crucial role in trade and regional connectivity. But China's involvement in the Wakhan Corridor also contributes to its geopolitical significance in the area; this region may potentially affect Afghanistan's relations with its neighbors. The Wakhan Corridor is currently under construction as part of efforts to strengthen trade relations with China and will serve as a route connecting China with Europe and the Middle East. Conclusion: China involved in Wakhan corridor due to economic, security and geopolitical reasons, china establish influence in central Asia, promote regional connectivity and economic goals. In Afghanistan china efforts to support its larger goals and have a positive economic and geopolitical impact. Recommendation: By implementing the recommendations, Afghanistan and its neighbors would be in a better position to maximize economic benefits, minimize any security concerns, encourage regional cooperation, deal with the complexity of China's relations with Afghanistan in the Wakhan Corridor. That would open the way to a peaceful and prospering future.
Research Interests:
Abstract: Aim: The purpose of study is to investigate a project manager’s leadership styles and its impact on project performance and the mediating role of teamwork in the Ngo’s of Afghanistan. Methods: This study utilize direct... more
Abstract:
Aim: The purpose of study is to investigate a project manager’s leadership styles and its impact on project performance and the mediating role of teamwork in the Ngo’s of Afghanistan.
Methods: This study utilize direct interviews and mailed questionnaires to gather data on the impact of leadership style on project outcomes in Afghanistan, Used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with analysis of the results providing recommendations for future research.
Results: The evaluation includes analyzing the results of the structural model, representing the relationships between variables and displaying coefficients and R-square values.
Conclusion: This study confirms the positive impact of leadership style on collaboration, project performance, and stakeholder satisfaction, highlighting the importance of effective leadership in achieving successful project outcomes.
Recommendation: Project Manager should focus on develop specific leadership behaviors, encourage teamwork and collaboration, and prioritize stakeholder satisfaction for improved project performance.
Aim: The purpose of study is to investigate a project manager’s leadership styles and its impact on project performance and the mediating role of teamwork in the Ngo’s of Afghanistan.
Methods: This study utilize direct interviews and mailed questionnaires to gather data on the impact of leadership style on project outcomes in Afghanistan, Used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with analysis of the results providing recommendations for future research.
Results: The evaluation includes analyzing the results of the structural model, representing the relationships between variables and displaying coefficients and R-square values.
Conclusion: This study confirms the positive impact of leadership style on collaboration, project performance, and stakeholder satisfaction, highlighting the importance of effective leadership in achieving successful project outcomes.
Recommendation: Project Manager should focus on develop specific leadership behaviors, encourage teamwork and collaboration, and prioritize stakeholder satisfaction for improved project performance.
Research Interests:
The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of tourism in Afghanistan over the past 50 years, examining the factors, challenges, and opportunities that have shaped the industry's development and impact... more
The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive
review of the evolution of tourism in Afghanistan over
the past 50 years, examining the factors, challenges,
and opportunities that have shaped the industry's
development and impact on the country's cultural,
social, and economic landscapes. This review paper
employed a systematic approach, including
comprehensive searches using electronic databases and
search engines, screening of articles based on inclusion
criteria, full-text review, systematic analysis of
included articles, and synthesis of key findings,
methodologies, reports, news, and best practices to
provide a comprehensive overview of the Evolution of
Tourism in Afghanistan: A Review of the Last 50
Years. The review reveals the profound impact of the
political and security situation, the influence of factors
on tourist arrivals such as heritage sites and
geopolitical factors, the evolution of marketing
strategies and promotion efforts, and the challenges
and opportunities faced by Afghanistan's tourism
industry, including political instability, security
concerns, inadequate infrastructure, limited financing,
and negative perceptions, with the potential for
sustainable development through strengthened
security measures, improved infrastructure, enhanced
marketing efforts, and international partnerships. In
conclusion, Afghanistan has the potential to develop a
thriving and sustainable tourism sector by addressing
challenges, capitalizing on unique attractions, and
fostering collaboration among stakeholders, leading to
economic growth, cultural preservation, and
employment opportunities. Strengthen security,
preserve heritage, enhance marketing, collaborate with
agencies, improve infrastructure, foster partnerships,
and involve local communities for Afghan tourism
development
review of the evolution of tourism in Afghanistan over
the past 50 years, examining the factors, challenges,
and opportunities that have shaped the industry's
development and impact on the country's cultural,
social, and economic landscapes. This review paper
employed a systematic approach, including
comprehensive searches using electronic databases and
search engines, screening of articles based on inclusion
criteria, full-text review, systematic analysis of
included articles, and synthesis of key findings,
methodologies, reports, news, and best practices to
provide a comprehensive overview of the Evolution of
Tourism in Afghanistan: A Review of the Last 50
Years. The review reveals the profound impact of the
political and security situation, the influence of factors
on tourist arrivals such as heritage sites and
geopolitical factors, the evolution of marketing
strategies and promotion efforts, and the challenges
and opportunities faced by Afghanistan's tourism
industry, including political instability, security
concerns, inadequate infrastructure, limited financing,
and negative perceptions, with the potential for
sustainable development through strengthened
security measures, improved infrastructure, enhanced
marketing efforts, and international partnerships. In
conclusion, Afghanistan has the potential to develop a
thriving and sustainable tourism sector by addressing
challenges, capitalizing on unique attractions, and
fostering collaboration among stakeholders, leading to
economic growth, cultural preservation, and
employment opportunities. Strengthen security,
preserve heritage, enhance marketing, collaborate with
agencies, improve infrastructure, foster partnerships,
and involve local communities for Afghan tourism
development
Research Interests:
https://www.american-journals.com/jaar-journals Abstract: This study has investigated two simple but very well-known trading rules, simple moving average (SMA) and trading range break (TRB), by looking at a time series daily data of... more
https://www.american-journals.com/jaar-journals Abstract: This study has investigated two simple but very well-known trading rules, simple moving average (SMA) and trading range break (TRB), by looking at a time series daily data of KSE-100 Index over 20 years, from January 1997 to February 2018. In order to avoid data-snooping biases, the study has applied the out of sample tests in addition to the traditional tests to check the validity of the trading rules. Our results show (1,50) trading rules outperforms over the 20 years testing time period. These average returns from the simple moving average rules are higher than the actual returns for the sample period. Furthermore, the VMA (1,50) rules performs better than the FMA(1,50) rules due to the fact that the it includes the first nine days information in to consideration in the investment decision. Keeping in view the nine days flexible time period to buy or sell out of the outperform stock, the VMA (1,50) rules has generated excess returns than the FMA (1,50) rules. However, the overall returns of the TRB rules were found small. The overall result suggests that trading strategies can be used to earn excess returns in the KSE-100 index of Pakistani Stock Exchange. **Statement** **Dear scholars, Dr. Allison Qiu is a director at Journal of American Academic Research, USA (JAAR publishing center): www.american-journals.com **She is also the administrator for the Academia account at JAAR publishing center, so she is not one of the authors of any listed articles (published at JAAR) at Academia. **Please don't misunderstand it because her name will show in all articles ( published at JAAR publishing center) listed in Academia.
Research Interests:
This study investigates the impact of performance appraisals on employee performance in private Universities and Institutes of Afghanistan. The research aims to address the lukewarm attitudes towards the performance appraisal system,... more
This study investigates the impact of performance
appraisals on employee performance in private
Universities and Institutes of Afghanistan. The
research aims to address the lukewarm attitudes
towards the performance appraisal system, which can
negatively affect organizational productivity. A sample
of 250 respondents from private universities and
higher education institutes in Afghanistan was selected
using a simple random sampling technique. Data was
collected through a structured questionnaire and
analyzed. The findings indicate a high level of
awareness of performance appraisal among staff in
private universities and institutes. The study also
reveals that performance appraisal significantly
impacts employee performance. However, a challenge
identified is the inability to provide timely feedback
within the performance appraisal system. As a
recommendation, the study suggests that management
should maintain objectivity during the appraisal
process, provide regular feedback, and offer career
development opportunities to gain a competitive
advantage in the organization.
appraisals on employee performance in private
Universities and Institutes of Afghanistan. The
research aims to address the lukewarm attitudes
towards the performance appraisal system, which can
negatively affect organizational productivity. A sample
of 250 respondents from private universities and
higher education institutes in Afghanistan was selected
using a simple random sampling technique. Data was
collected through a structured questionnaire and
analyzed. The findings indicate a high level of
awareness of performance appraisal among staff in
private universities and institutes. The study also
reveals that performance appraisal significantly
impacts employee performance. However, a challenge
identified is the inability to provide timely feedback
within the performance appraisal system. As a
recommendation, the study suggests that management
should maintain objectivity during the appraisal
process, provide regular feedback, and offer career
development opportunities to gain a competitive
advantage in the organization.
Research Interests:
This qualitative literature review evaluates the role of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiatives in fostering sustainable economic growth in developing countries. This research aims to critically examine existing... more
This qualitative literature review evaluates the role of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiatives in fostering sustainable economic growth in developing countries. This research aims to critically examine existing academic literature and studies to gain comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of World Bank and IMF programs in promoting economic development in developing countries. A systematic review methodology is employed to identify and evaluate relevant scholarly articles, reports, and publications to achieve this objective. The research focuses on synthesizing the findings and key themes from these sources, exploring the methodologies and approaches used in previous studies, and evaluating the outcomes and impacts of World Bank and IMF initiatives on sustainable economic growth. The results of this study shed light on how World Bank and IMF interventions have influenced economic development in developing countries. The review highlights the key factors that contribute to the success or limitations of these programs, including policy frameworks, institutional capacity-building efforts, financial assistance mechanisms, and the integration of social and environmental sustainability considerations. The findings reveal the multifaceted nature of the World Bank and IMF's impact on sustainable economic growth, encompassing poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, financial inclusion, governance, climate change resilience, social protection, private sector development, debt management, and human capital investment.
Research Interests:
This comprehensive review investigates the role of sustainable tourism in preserving Afghanistan's cultural heritage, given its rich tapestry of traditions, historical sites, and archaeological treasures. The purpose of the study is to... more
This comprehensive review investigates the role of sustainable tourism in preserving Afghanistan's cultural heritage, given its rich tapestry of traditions, historical sites, and archaeological treasures. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential of sustainable tourism practices to mitigate the challenges faced by Afghanistan's cultural heritage due to decades of conflict and instability while promoting economic development and community engagement. The study employs a systematic analysis of existing literature, case studies, and best practices from around the world to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of sustainable tourism approaches in the Afghan context. It examines the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable tourism and their impact on the preservation of cultural heritage. The findings reveal that sustainable tourism offers significant economic benefits for Afghanistan, including job creation, income generation, and economic diversification. Additionally, it has the potential to foster social and cultural impacts through cultural exchange, community pride, and the revitalization of traditional crafts and practices. Furthermore, sustainable tourism can address environmental considerations by promoting the sustainable management and protection of natural landscapes, archaeological sites, and cultural monuments. The implications of this study highlight the importance of implementing sustainable tourism practices to preserve Afghanistan's cultural heritage. It provides valuable insights and practical examples from successful initiatives in other countries, offering recommendations for policymakers, tourism practitioners, and cultural heritage management stakeholders.
Research Interests:
Aim: Income inequality has emerged as a significant concern within the Pakistani economy, prompting extensive investigations across various dimensions. This study aims to explore the relationship between types of political regime and... more
Aim: Income inequality has emerged as a significant concern within the Pakistani economy, prompting extensive investigations across various dimensions. This study aims to explore the relationship between types of political regime and income inequality, specifically in Pakistan. Methods: Time series data spanning from 1972 to 2019 were utilized, obtained from the World Bank, Polity IV Project, and the Handbook of Statistics on Pakistan Economy by the State Bank of Pakistan. To measure types of political regimes, the Polity index was employed, while the Gini coefficient served as the metric for income inequality. Additionally, this research considered several factors, including GDP per capita, the ratio of direct taxes to GDP, the percentage of government expenditure on education relative to GDP, and the percentage of government expenditure on community and social services relative to GDP, to control for their direct effects. The stationarity of the data was assessed using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test, while the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model was employed to examine the cointegrating relationship among the variables in the model. Results: The empirical findings from the estimation demonstrate a lasting negative correlation between the types of political regimes in Pakistan and wealth disparities in the short and medium term. The results highlight the notable detrimental effect of different political regimes on the nation's economic disparity. Conclusion: A one percent increase in the Polity score is associated with a 0.45 percent long-term and a 0.25 percent short-term decrease in the Gini coefficient. Recommendation: Pakistan should strive towards a stable democratic political framework and implement sustainable economic policies to effectively address income disparity and achieve a desirable level of income distribution.
Research Interests:
SMEs play a crucial role in driving Afghanistan's economy, as they possess the ability to generate increased employment opportunities, enhance local technology, and establish a foundation for sustainable industrialization and corporate... more
SMEs play a crucial role in driving Afghanistan's economy, as they possess the ability to generate increased employment opportunities, enhance local technology, and establish a foundation for sustainable industrialization and corporate sectors in the future. The aim of this research is to identify the primary obstacles faced by SMEs operating in Nangarhar province. The research took place in Nangarhar, where data was collected using the methods of observation and focus group discussions. Purposeful sampling techniques were employed to select participants, and face-to-face interactions were conducted during the focus group discussions and observations. The aim was to gain an understanding of the primary challenges faced by SMEs in Nangarhar. The study identified several key constraints to the development of SMEs. Primary among these is the poor state of infrastructure and unreliable electricity. Additionally, the challenges encompass limited access to finance, political and security instability, restricted market access, skills and capacity gaps, inadequate access to technology and innovation, insufficient business support services, weak supply chain, lack of proper business knowledge and planning, intense competition in the domestic market, high costs of raw materials and equipment, and insufficient subsidies. These constraints, play significant roles in hindering the growth of SMEs.
Research Interests:
Afghanistan is a war-affected and developing country and it is mostly dependent on foreign aid from the international communities to fulfill its developmental and non-developmental expendituresAfghanistan has been the recipient of... more
Afghanistan is a war-affected and developing country and it is mostly dependent on foreign aid from
the international communities to fulfill its developmental and non-developmental expendituresAfghanistan has
been the recipient of substantial foreign funding from several global financial institutions during the past two
decades. This thesis explores the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in Afghanistan.
Additionally, it investigates the impact of control variables such as remittances, gross domestic investment, and
labor force participation on economic growth. Time series data from 2001 to 2020 are used in the study. To
check if the data is stationary, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test is used. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag
(ARDL) model is used to see if there is a cointegration link between the factors being studied. The findings
validate a persistent correlation between foreign aid, economic growth, remittances, employment rate, gross
domestic investment, and terrorism. The findings demonstrate that foreign aid exerts a substantial and beneficial
influence on Afghanistan's economic growth. Conversely, domestic investment and employment levels have a
favorable but negligible impact on economic growth, both in the short-term and the long-term. Moreover,
terrorism exhibits a detrimental and highly substantial correlation with the economic advancement of
Afghanistan during the analyzed timeframe.
the international communities to fulfill its developmental and non-developmental expendituresAfghanistan has
been the recipient of substantial foreign funding from several global financial institutions during the past two
decades. This thesis explores the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in Afghanistan.
Additionally, it investigates the impact of control variables such as remittances, gross domestic investment, and
labor force participation on economic growth. Time series data from 2001 to 2020 are used in the study. To
check if the data is stationary, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test is used. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag
(ARDL) model is used to see if there is a cointegration link between the factors being studied. The findings
validate a persistent correlation between foreign aid, economic growth, remittances, employment rate, gross
domestic investment, and terrorism. The findings demonstrate that foreign aid exerts a substantial and beneficial
influence on Afghanistan's economic growth. Conversely, domestic investment and employment levels have a
favorable but negligible impact on economic growth, both in the short-term and the long-term. Moreover,
terrorism exhibits a detrimental and highly substantial correlation with the economic advancement of
Afghanistan during the analyzed timeframe.
Research Interests:
The study aims to explore the monetary policy of the Afghanistan Bank, the instability of the Afghan currency, and the causes and strategies for achieving stability for the Afghan currency. A qualitative approach was used to gain an... more
The study aims to explore the monetary policy of the Afghanistan Bank, the instability of the Afghan currency, and the causes and strategies for achieving stability for the Afghan currency. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth knowledge of the issues. By using a semi-structured interview, the professional participants were selected through the snowball sampling technique. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed through a thematic analysis framework. The study addressed instability in the Afghani currency and its causes including trade imbalance in favor of imports, smuggling of the foreign reserve, lack of foreign aid, lack of control of the natural resources, lack of foreign investment, inefficiency in monetary and fiscal policy, fluctuation in the international market, the influence of mafia groups in the currency exchange market and their fraudulent propaganda. This study also observes the need for developing strategies, and policies for achieving currency stability, like increasing the balance of exports as compared to imports, preventing the smuggling of foreign reserves, efforts to obtain foreign aid, ensuring political stability, ensuring a congenial environment for internal and external investors, efficient and effective control on monetary and fiscal policy, and preventing mafia groups and their fraudulent propaganda in the currency exchange Markets. The study findings have significant implications for the policymakers to ensure the stability of the Afghan Currency.
Research Interests:
The aim of the current study to investigate conceptual reflections on the components of quality education and examine stakeholder perspectives on business education, and their potential contribution, to business firms, which could enable... more
The aim of the current study to investigate conceptual reflections on the components of quality education and examine stakeholder perspectives on business education, and their potential contribution, to business firms, which could enable stakeholders to cope during hard times. The study highlights the stake holder's perspective on business education. The finding of this study is the discovery of the missing link between academics and industry; it also studied and explored the perceived gaps in students' knowledge. Skills and abilities and the demand and needs of the industries in Nangarhar province. In this study, we used semi-structured interview, focus group discussions, and other methods to learn more from stakeholders such as relevant teachers, students, and industry managers. In this study we used qualitative research design to discover the causes of poor coordination and cooperation between Business Faculties and other stakeholders in Nangarhar.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute towards the key aspects of the economic growth and development of a country. For the successful development and survival of small and medium enterprises, sensible financial management... more
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute towards the key aspects of the economic growth and development of a country. For the successful development and survival of small and medium enterprises, sensible financial management practices are largely recognized as the key elements for the profitability and sustainability of a small-scale business. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of financial management practices on the financial performance of small and medium enterprises in the service sector of Province Nangarhar, Afghanistan. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data as per the need of the study. The survey involves 300 employees of small and medium enterprises of the service sector for the empirical examination of the financial management practices such as accounting Information System, Financial Information System, and Working Capital Management over the financial performance; out of which 287 respondents were found satisfying. Descriptive, correlation & regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that good financial management practice is a backbone to small and medium enterprises' profitability. The study found that financial management practices such as Accounting Information System (AIS) and Working Capital Management (WCM) have a positive significance except the Financial Information System (FIS) on financial performance (FP). Accordingly, policymakers are recommended to design a supportive policy for small and medium enterprises as far as the variables are concerned. The study recommends that the financial practices of Accounting Information systems, Working Capital management are to be given core consideration along with consideration towards other Financial Practices by the management of SMEs specifically at Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan. By improving the financial performance of the small and medium businesses, the employees need to be aware of the accounting-related soft wares with the introduction of modern techniques of how to handle financial transactions for the sake of reliability and timely accurate reporting system.
Research Interests:
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between shareholders' wealth and dividend policy. A sample of 25 companies from the Pakistan stock exchange was selected which includes companies from the chemical sector, oil, and... more
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between shareholders' wealth and dividend policy. A sample of 25 companies from the Pakistan stock exchange was selected which includes companies from the chemical sector, oil, and gas sector. Shareholders' wealth is measured with the market price of shares. Dividend per share, retained earnings per share, lagged price-earnings ratio, and return on equity were used as independent variables. The based multiple regression model shows that there is a strong relationship between shareholders' wealth and dividend policy. The shareholder's wealth is increase by dividend policy in the case of Pakistan.
Research Interests:
Abstract- Organizational silence is the phenomenon in which employees withhold their ideas, opinions, and information. Silence can have caustic effects on organizational culture. Organizational culture is the important factor that... more
Abstract- Organizational silence is the phenomenon in which employees withhold their ideas, opinions, and information. Silence
can have caustic effects on organizational culture. Organizational culture is the important factor that facilitates ways of expressing
ideas by employees and preventing silence. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on
organizational silence with moderating role of gender of academic and administration members of Business schools in Peshawar,
Pakistan. The nature of the current study is a descriptive-analytical and correlational analysis. The population of the present study
consisted of all academic and administration members of Business schools in Peshawar, Pakistan (213 individuals). Data collection
was carried out using self-administrated questionnaires. The results of the present study indicated that organizational culture had a
significant impact on the organizational silence of Academic and Administration Members in Business schools in Peshawar,
Pakistan. While gender significantly moderates the relationship between organizational culture and employee silence.
Keywords- Organizational Culture, Organizational Silence, Role of Gender
can have caustic effects on organizational culture. Organizational culture is the important factor that facilitates ways of expressing
ideas by employees and preventing silence. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on
organizational silence with moderating role of gender of academic and administration members of Business schools in Peshawar,
Pakistan. The nature of the current study is a descriptive-analytical and correlational analysis. The population of the present study
consisted of all academic and administration members of Business schools in Peshawar, Pakistan (213 individuals). Data collection
was carried out using self-administrated questionnaires. The results of the present study indicated that organizational culture had a
significant impact on the organizational silence of Academic and Administration Members in Business schools in Peshawar,
Pakistan. While gender significantly moderates the relationship between organizational culture and employee silence.
Keywords- Organizational Culture, Organizational Silence, Role of Gender
Research Interests:
ABSTARCT: Spiritual Intelligence is the ability to behave with wisdom and compassion, while maintaining inner and outer peace, regardless of the situation. SQ is central and most fundamental of all intelligence, because it becomes the... more
ABSTARCT: Spiritual Intelligence is the ability to behave with wisdom and compassion, while maintaining inner and outer peace, regardless of the situation. SQ is central and most fundamental of all intelligence, because it becomes the source of guidance for others, being an integrating intelligence. spiritual intelligence is all about the benefits of spiritual knowledge used to solve different problems and achieve the daily objective. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment among the administrative staff in the higher education sector of Peshawar Pakistan. The data was collected through self-administrated questionnaires from the population of administrative staff working in the Higher education sector of Peshawar Pakistan. The spiritual intelligence was measured by using a 24-item scale spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (SISR-24) and organizational commitment was measured using 18 item scales. Being a causal nature of the study, the research has employed regression, correlational and descriptive analysis for this study. The Higher education sector needs to use the application of spiritual intelligence to increase the efficiency, effectiveness of employees at the workplace as well enhance the overall performance of the Higher education sector.
Research Interests:
This study has investigated two simple but very well-known trading rules, simple moving average (SMA) and trading range break (TRB), by looking at a time series daily data of KSE-100 Index over 20 years, from January 1997 to February... more
This study has investigated two simple but very well-known trading rules, simple moving average (SMA) and trading range break (TRB), by looking at a time series daily data of KSE-100 Index over 20 years, from January 1997 to February 2018. In order to avoid data-snooping biases, the study has applied the outcome of sample tests in addition to the traditional tests to check the validity of the trading rules. Our results show (1,50) trading rules outperforms over the 20 years testing period. These average returns from the simple moving average rules are higher than the actual returns for the sample period. Furthermore, the VMA (1,50) rules performs better than the FMA(1,50) rules due to the fact that it includes the first nine days information into consideration in the investment decision. Keeping in view the nine days flexible period to buy or sell out of the outperform stock, the VMA (1,50) rules has generated excess returns than the FMA (1,50) rules. However, the overall returns of the TRB rules were found small. The overall result suggests that trading strategies can be used to earn excess returns in the KSE-100 index of Pakistani Stock Exchange.
Research Interests:
This study has investigated two simple but very well-known trading rules, simple moving average (SMA) and trading range break (TRB), by looking at a time series daily data of KSE-100 Index over 20 years, from January 1997 to February... more
This study has investigated two simple but very well-known trading rules, simple moving average (SMA) and trading range break (TRB), by looking at a time series daily data of KSE-100 Index over 20 years, from January 1997 to February 2018. In order to avoid data-snooping biases, the study has applied the outcome of sample tests in addition to the traditional tests to check the validity of the trading rules. Our results show (1,50) trading rules outperforms over the 20 years testing period. These average returns from the simple moving average rules are higher than the actual returns for the sample period. Furthermore, the VMA (1,50) rules performs better than the FMA(1,50) rules due to the fact that it includes the first nine days information into consideration in the investment decision. Keeping in view the nine days flexible period to buy or sell out of the outperform stock, the VMA (1,50) rules has generated excess returns than the FMA (1,50) rules. However, the overall returns of the TRB rules were found small. The overall result suggests that trading strategies can be used to earn excess returns in the KSE-100 index of Pakistani Stock Exchange.