Seed Spices

The field experiment was conducted at-226025, India during Rabi season of 2016-17. The research material comprised of 8 treatments replicated three times in a Randomized Block Design. The chlorophyll content in leaves (108.27 mg/l), Proline content in leaves (33.99), Nitrate content in leaves (156.75 mg/kg), Carbohydrate content in leaves (108.27 mg/l), Protein content in leaves (0.38 mg/l), Carbohydrate in curd (107.49 mg/l), Chlorophyll in curd (108.62 mg/l), Antioxidant in curd (61.90 %), Flavonoid in curd (34.49 %), Nitrate in curd (172.96 mg/kg), Protein in curd (0.40 mg/l), T.S.S. in curd (10.9 ºBrix) was maximum recorded under T 7 (Biofertilizer + Vermicompost) treatment. The fresh weight of plant (1132.66 g), Dry weight of plant (0.203 g), Fresh weight of root (82 g) Dry weight of root (0.021 g), Root length (17.80 cm), Root spread (24.7 cm), was maximum recorded under T 7 (Biofertilizer + Vermicompost) treatment. It is recommended for higher production of sprouting broccoli was under Lucknow conditions.

There is a lot of potential for coriander seed spices in our country because of the export potential and daily internal consumption as it finds place in almost all the Indian dishes. Approximately, 21000 MT of coriander is exported every year, earning a foreign exchange worth Rs. 7104 lakhs (Vasistha and Malhothra, 2005). Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is an important seed spice in Andhra Pradesh grown in rabi season for grain purpose under rainfed conditions in vertisols. The crop has to survive under residual soil moisture throughout the cropping period and it generally experiences terminal moisture stress which results in poor yields. This is the major constraint in production of coriander in Andhra Pradesh. Bioregulators play an important role in mitigating the stress and increasing the flower set. Foliar application of Triacontanol is known to enhance dry matter accumulation resulting in higher seed yield in maize. Application of NAA is known to induce higher physiological efficiency including photosynthetic ability of plants. It has also been shown to enhance growth and yield of several vegetable and agricultural crops without substantial increase in the cost of production. Information regarding the use of plant growth regulators and their time of application suitable for rainfed vertisols in Andra Pradesh is not available. Keeping this in view the field experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators and their time of application on growth and yield of coriander.

The present investigation was carried out with fenugreek genotypes obtained from different coordinating centers of AICRP on Spices. Pods per plant (36.5 and 34.61), number of seeds per pod (22.86 and 21.20) and seed yield (22.09 and 17.21) recorded highest coefficients of
variation (both phenotypic and genotypic), while it was low for pod length (11.43 and 7.32).
Heritability estimates were high for plant height (83.10), pods per plant (89.90) and seeds per
pod (86.00). Seed yield (60.70) and branches per plant showed moderate estimates of heritability. The characters viz. plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed yield which recorded high heritability also showed high genetic advance indicating operation of additive gene
action in the inheritance of these traits. These studies indicated that selection may be worthwhile in fenugreek for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod besides plant height for achieving higher yields.

India dominates in the world seed spices trade because of the intrinsic qualities. National Agriculture Research System has contributed for providing needed technology backup and further promotion programs under horticulture mission have fuelled the growth. Concerted efforts have been made for utilization of plant genetic resources in seed spices crops and more than 102 varieties of coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, ajowan, dill, nigella, anise, celery have been developed. Recent contributions are development of a wilt resistant variety of cumin (GC-4) and stem gall resistant variety of coriander (NRCSS ACr1). The other important varieties identified for release are for ajowan (NRCSS AA1, AA2), dill (NRCSS AD1, AD2), nigella (NRCSS AN1), anise (Ani 1), celery (A Cel 1), fennel (NRCSS AF1) and fenugreek (AFg 1, 2, 3). Standardization of hybridization techniques, evolving high yielding varieties with high quality using recombination breeding, marker assisted breeding for tolerance to stresses are the important areas need attention. Suitable package of practices including optimum sowing time, seed rate, nursery management, transplanting, spacing, intercultural practices and weed management has been standardized for different seed spices crops and agro-climatic conditions. A good response of sprinkler and drip irrigation system for efficient water use in fennel, fenugreek, coriander, cumin, ajowan, dill and nigella has been reported. Fertigation requirement in coriander, fennel, fenugreek, dill needs to be standardized to improve the nutrient and water use efficiency together. Disease and pest management by integrated approach using both bioagents and pesticides have effectively managed wilt, blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and aphids. A value chain of major seed spices from field to plate was developed under NAIP which included all the parameters of production, protection, post-harvest handling, processing, value addition, product development, marketing, trade and export.

The field experiment was conducted at-226025, India during Rabi season of 2016-17. The research material comprised of 8 treatments replicated three times in a Randomized Block Design. The chlorophyll content in leaves (108.27 mg/l), Proline content in leaves (33.99), Nitrate content in leaves (156.75 mg/kg), Carbohydrate content in leaves (108.27 mg/l), Protein content in leaves (0.38 mg/l), Carbohydrate in curd (107.49 mg/l), Chlorophyll in curd (108.62 mg/l), Antioxidant in curd (61.90 %), Flavonoid in curd (34.49 %), Nitrate in curd (172.96 mg/kg), Protein in curd (0.40 mg/l), T.S.S. in curd (10.9 ºBrix) was maximum recorded under T 7 (Biofertilizer + Vermicompost) treatment. The fresh weight of plant (1132.66 g), Dry weight of plant (0.203 g), Fresh weight of root (82 g) Dry weight of root (0.021 g), Root length (17.80 cm), Root spread (24.7 cm), was maximum recorded under T 7 (Biofertilizer + Vermicompost) treatment. It is recommended for higher production of sprouting broccoli was under Lucknow conditions.

The investigation was carried out with twelve genotypes of fenugreek obtained from different coordinating centres of AICRP on Spices at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam during 1998-1999, 1999-2000, 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 to estimate the correlation coefficients for yield and yield components. The mean data over four years was subjected to statistical analysis for estimating correlation coefficients both at phenotypic and genotypic level. In general the phenotypic correlation coefficients were smaller than genotypic correlation coefficients for majority of the characters. Seed yield showed highly significant positive association with plant height (0.907** and 0.967**), number of pods per plant (0.876** and 0.952 **), pod length (0.839** and 1.005**) and number of seeds per pod (0.905** and 0.984**) both at phenotypic and genotypic level, respectively. Among the yield component characters plant height with number of pods per plant (0.961** and 0.971**), pod length (0.818** and 0.939**), number of seeds per pod (0.982 and 0.994); number of pods per plant with pod length (0.743**, 0.932**), number of seeds per pod (0.979**, 0.994**) and pod length with number of seeds per pod (0.815**, 0.979**) showed significant positive association both at phenotypic and genotypic level. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation studied showed that association of seed yield with plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod was appreciable, indicating the importance of these traits as components for seed yield.

The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Field, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during Kharif 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Thirty genotypes were evaluated for various quantitative and quality traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variance were slightly higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variance for all the characters studied indicating the little influence of environment in the expression of these traits. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for fruit diameter (35.65 and 34.62) followed by total chlorophyll (30.08 and 20.02) and fruit length (23.70 and 23.44). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for fruit length (0.97 and 47.74), fruit diameter (0.94 and 71.73), total sugars (0.74 an...

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), wild or cultivated, is cosmopolitan throughout the world and belongs to the Apiaceae family. It is one of the major seed spices in India which has been ordinarily used as a conventional food and medicine. Fennel seeds are commonly used for their antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial properties and oestrogen-promoting action. Recent studies has known fennel as a valuable medicinal plant with potential for varied uses, in addition to provide raw materials of pharmaceutical business, particularly steroidal hormones. A significant increase in quantity and quality yields through the suitable practices and chemical constituents could build a necessary contribution to farm and pharmaceutical trade. To achieve these goals with reference to sustainable production, we tend to review an outline of biology and cultivation of fennel in this paper.

The present investigation was carried out with fenugreek genotypes obtained from different coordinating centers of AICRP on Spices. Pods per plant (36.5 and 34.61), number of seeds per pod (22.86 and 21.20) and seed yield (22.09 and 17.21) recorded highest coefficients of variation (both phenotypic and genotypic), while it was low for pod length (11.43 and 7.32). Heritability estimates were high for plant height (83.10), pods per plant (89.90) and seeds per pod (86.00). Seed yield (60.70) and branches per plant showed moderate estimates of heritability. The characters viz. plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed yield which recorded high heritability also showed high genetic advance indicating operation of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. These studies indicated that selection may be worthwhile in fenugreek for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod besides plant height for achieving higher yields.