Silvae

In this paper I discuss the origin, development and character of Silvae in Neolatin literature of the Low Countries. after first going into the development of this “genre” in the Renaissance in a more general way, which will also involve a discussion of its nature(s).

The aim of the study was to extend our knowledge of the
geographic patterns of genetic variation of Cupressus
sempervirens L., and to try to relate the earliest plantations of
C. sempervirens in Israel to its ultimate seed origins. Seeds
of 22 populations, most of them of C. sempervirens var.
horizontalis, were used for the analysis of the genetic diversity
within and among East Mediterranean populations. Bulk seed
lots from 13 populations, and single-tree seed collections,
representing about 30 trees from each of the populations from
Cyprus, Syria and Turkey, and from 267 trees from 20 Israeli
plantations were available. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis
was used to resolve allele patterns in 22 loci encoding
13 enzyme systems. The mean number of alleles per locus was
1.7; the over all percentage of polymorphic loci was 41.7%
(S.E. ±1.1). The over all mean observed heterozygosity and the
expected heterozygosity, i.e., genetic diversity within populations
– were 0.149 (S.E. ± 0.021) and 0.181 (S.E. ± 0.03),
respectively; and the over all mean total genetic diversity
among the natural populations was 0.192 (S.E. ± 0.032). The
fixation indices, Fit, Fis, Fst and Gst for each polymorphic locus,
over all the populations, are 0.180, 0.333, 0.187 and 0.049,
respectively. The phylogenetic tree enabled us to define three
main groups: a north-eastern Mediterranean group which
includes the populations from central Mediterranean Turkey,
Syria and Iran; a low-altitude east Aegean group which
includes the populations of Kos, 2 Turkish population on the
shores of the Aegean Sea together with populations on the
island of Samos; a third group which includes populations from
Crete, Cyprus, Rhodes, Jordan and plantations in Israel. The
results imply that plantations of Cupressus sempervirens in
Israel probably originated from seed material imported from
Crete, Cyprus, Rhodes and Jordan.
Key words: Cupressus sempervirens, genetic diversity, populations structure,
polymorphism, isoenzymes.

The wide range of climatic condition in the natural distribution of chir pine is expected to result in high genetic variation within different populations of the species. The present study on the provenance variation of chir pine aims to determine the nature and ...

Two seedling seed orchards each of C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana established by thinning provenance trials in coastal and inland locations in South India were evaluated for sex expression and fertility variation at four years. More than 80% of the trees in C. equisetifolia orchards were fertile in both sites with a similar pattern of more (almost 2 times) female trees and equal proportion of monoecious and non-flowering trees. In C. junghuhniana, the coastal orchard had twice the proportion of fertile trees as that of the inland. Orchards established in coastal environment had less fertility variation and hence maintained lower coancestry values in both species. Coastal site has more trees contributing effectively to seed production than inland locations and the orchards maintain higher (almost two times) effective population sizes. Genetic drift is also 3 times higher in inland locations in both species. Male and female trees in inland orchards of both species however had gr...

Resumo Na Siluae 2.1, Estácio escreve sobre a jornada no mundo dos mortos romano per-corrida pela da sombra de Gláucias, um jovem libertus, até chegar ao Elísio, local para onde iam as sombras dos indivíduos que foram bem-aventurados em vida. Esta narrativa faz parte do discurso consolatório do poema, composto para o enlutado patrono Atédio Mélior, um aristocrata que nutria afetividade pelo falecido e organi-zou seu funeral. Para compreendermos o discurso da Siluae 2.1, contextualizamos a poética de Estácio relacionado ao seu diálogo com a tradição literária, as característi-cas de sua poesia e estrutura das consolações. Tendo em perspectiva este contexto do autor, o objetivo do artigo é analisar como as divindades, os seres e os cenários do submundo são representados no poema e qual é a intenção consolatória do poeta ao retratar tais elementos. Palavras-chave Mundo dos mortos; Elísio, Consolação; Siluae 2.1; Estácio. Abstract In the Siluae 2.1, Statius writes about the journey to the roman's underworld trave-led by the shadow of Glaucias, a young libertus, until he reached the Elysium, where the shadows of the individuals blessed in life went. This narrative is part of the po-em's consolatory discourse, composed for the bereaved patron Atedius Melior, an aristocrat which nurtured affectivity for the deceased and organized his funeral. To understand the Siluae 2.1's discourse, we contextualized Statius' poetic related to his dialogue with the literary tradition, the characteristics of his poetry and the structure of consolations. With the author's context in perspective, the aim of this research is to analyze how underworld's deities, beings e scenarios are represented in the poem and what is the poet's consolatory intention in portraying such elements.

Additive genetic, dominance genetic and phenotypic variances and corresponding correlations were estimated for growth data collected from disconnected half-diallel progeny trials involving 25 Pinus radiata D. DON parents and replicated across two sites in central North Island, New Zealand. Sectional area of stem was measured at three, seven, 10 and 13 years after planting at both sites, and height at three and 10 years at one site. Sectional area at three years exhibited similar levels of estimated additive (σA2) and dominance (σD2) genetic variance. However, levels of σD2 remained approximately constant between three and 13 years while σA2 increased substantially. Thus, sectional-area growth changed from being under equal additive and dominance genetic control at three years to almost complete additive genetic control from seven to 13 years. The greater increase in additive variance relative to phenotypic variance led to increases in individual heritability from 0.16 to 0.28 to 0.3...

No primeiro poema de seu terceiro livro, Estácio toma como tema a dedicação de um templo a Hércules em Sorrento; o templo é cantado em novo modo por um poeta que, escrevendo uma obra caracterizada pela mistura de gêneros, é identificado pela crítica recente como ícone de uma mudança cultural e literária operada durante o período flaviano. Neste trabalho, pretende-se ler o poema 3.1, a celebração do templo de Hércules, como também a celebração da nova poesia imperial.

Seeds were collected from each of twelve parent trees from each of six seed orchards of Acacia mangium in different loca-tions in Vietnam to examine the relationship between growth and inbreeding in this species. Seedlings were raised and planted out in a field trial at Ba ...

... lite marker development in the Fagaceae has focused on two clades within the genus Quercus: the white oak group sub-genus Quercus section Quercus ([Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.; 17 ... By PR ALDRICH1,3), M. JAGTAP2), CH MICHLER1) and J. ROMERO-SEVERSON2) ...

... lite marker development in the Fagaceae has focused on two clades within the genus Quercus: the white oak group sub-genus Quercus section Quercus ([Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.; 17 ... By PR ALDRICH1,3), M. JAGTAP2), CH MICHLER1) and J. ROMERO-SEVERSON2) ...

Autochthonous genetic resources of woody plants have become seriously endangered in Flanders because of the particularly low and fragmented forest cover, centuries of intensive forest use in this highly populated area and the wide-spread usage of non-autochthonous planting stock in reforestation and landscape plantings. Intraspecific hybridisation between remnant autochthonous populations and foreign genotypes, which can show inadequate adaptation, may influence the autochthonous genetic constitution and fitness in the long term. As several European countries face similar problems, the objective of this paper is to outline the conservation measures that are taken in Flanders. The central aim is to maintain and create the necessary conditions for natural and flexible evolution of the genetic diversity of autochthonous trees and shrubs. An inventory survey to locate remaining autochthonous populations was started in 1997 and will be completed in 2006. Relict populations are preserved ...

Studies on phenology, floral biology and seed production were conducted in two provenance trials and a clonal hedge orchard of C. equisetifolia. Observations in seventeen populations indicate that predominant dioecy with low proportion of monoecy as the commonest sexual strategy. Flowering occurs twice in a year coinciding with the South West and North East monsoons. C. equisetifolia exhibits strong anemophilous adaptations such as very high pollen output, reduced flowers with large stigmatic area and light weighing winged fruits. Pollen is viable up to 99%, storable in 4°C up to three months with no loss in fertility. Trees start reproducing within two years of planting. Local land races produce ten to twenty times higher seeds than the recent introduced natural provenances and exotic landraces. Controlled pollination resulted in lower seed set than observed in open pollination. Selfing leads to normal seed set in monoecious trees. Inter specific cross with C. junguhuhniana pollen ...