Solid Solution

Early interest in metallic plutonium fuels for fast reactors led to much research on plutonium alloy systems including binary solid solutions with the addition of aluminum, gallium, or zirconium and low melting eutectic alloys with iron and nickel or cobalt. There was also ...

Titanium-zirconium based alloys containing a small amount of niobium were investigated in order to evaluate their possible use as biomedical materials. Zirconium, which belongs to the IVa group, is known to have good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility similar to titanium. As the titanium-zirconium system shows a complete solid solution, a wide variation of alloy design is available and large quantities of solid-solution hardening must be possible. Niobium, having a beta-phase stabilizing effect, was chosen as a ternary element in order to control desirably the microstructure. There have been no reports which suggest its harm to a living body. The alloys containing 2% or 3% niobium showed the highest hardness value after aging heat treatment at 773 K. In contrast to this, no alteration of hardness was seen in specimens aged at 1073 K. Through conventional X-ray diffractometry and in situ X-ray analysis using a hot stage, beta-phase precipitation in the A matrix was identified....

Fe/Al multilayers with different composition were prepared by conventional, direct-pulsed laser deposition (DPLD) and crossed-beam pulsed laser deposition (CBPLD). Films were studied by means of X-ray reflectometry, wide-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption fine structure experiments. Ballistic simulations of the deposition processes were performed. It is found that adjacent Fe and Al layers are partially intermixed during the deposition, forming

By internal oxidation of AgMg- and PdMg-alloys small precipitates ofMgO are formed within the Ag- or Pd-matrix. Thetotal area of the metal/oxide interface produced this way becomes severalsquare meters in one cubic centimeter of metal. Segregation of oxygen at theinterface is determined by desorption of gaseous oxygen for theAg/MgO-interface and by trapping of hydrogen for the Pd/MgO-interface. At673 to 873

Pure Y2O3 and Y2O3-ZrO2 solid solutions have been prepared by melt atomization and by pyrolysis of nitrate solutions. Extended solubility is readily achieved in both techniques for the entire composition range investigated: melts with 0.30% ZrO2 and precursors with 0.50% ZrO2. However, solidification of under cooled droplets yields almost exclusively single phase powders with the structure of cubic yttria (D5(sub 3)). In contrast, the pyrolysis route leads to a sequence of metastable microstructures beginning with a nanocrystalline disordered fluorite-based (C1) solid solution. Further heating leads to the evolution of much larger (micron size) flake crystals with a (001) texture, concurrent with partial ordering of the oxygen ions to the sites occupied in the D5(sub 3) addition.

Low temperature adiabatic calorimetry and high temperature differential scanning calorimetry have been used to measure the heat-capacity of ilmenite (FeTiO 3) from 5 to 1000 K. These measurements yield S2980 = 108.9 J/( mol · K). Calculations from published experimental data on the reduction of ilmenite yield Δ2980( I1) = -1153.9 kJ/( mol · K). These new data, combined with available experimental and thermodynamic data for other phases, have been used to calculate phase equilibria in the system Fe-Ti-O. Calculations for the subsystem Ti-O show that extremely low values of ƒO 2 are necessary to stabilize TiO, the mineral hongquiite reported from the Tao district in China. This mineral may not be TiO, and it should be re-examined for substitution of other elements such as N or C. Consideration of solid-solution models for phases in the system Fe-Ti-O allows derivation of a new thermometer/oxybarometer for assemblages of ferropseudobrookite-pseudobrookite ss and hematite-ilmenite ss. Preliminary application of this new thermometer/oxybarometer to lunar and terrestrial lavas gives reasonable estimates of oxygen fugacities, but generally yields subsolidus temperatures, suggesting re-equilibration of one or more phases during cooling.