Sport Medicine

The hip anatomy has an important role in delivering high-level performance in all branches of sports. It is among the prominent performance determiners for athletes in outclassing each other and delivering maximum performance. The lower extremity anatomic structure is known to have effect on all branches. This study seeks to emphasize the relationship between the hip anatomy and sporting performance.  Article visualizations:

The hip anatomy has an important role in delivering high-level performance in all branches of sports. It is among the prominent performance determiners for athletes in outclassing each other and delivering maximum performance. The lower extremity anatomic structure is known to have effect on all branches. This study seeks to emphasize the relationship between the hip anatomy and sporting performance.

Introduction and Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 6 Week Aerobic Exercise Program on Body Composition and Blood Lipids in Women.
Methods: The population of the research consists of women who make step aerobics in the fitness centers of Elazığ and the sample consists in total 12 sedentary women of between the ages of 25 and 30 selected by random method. Participants were given an aerobic exercise program for 3 days and 30 minutes a week. The intensity of exercise was determined by Karvonen method as 50-60%. Participants' body weights, body fat percentages and blood lipids were measured before and after exercise. In the analysis of the data, SPSS 17 package program was used. The obtained data were evaluated statistically at (p<0.05) level.
Findings: There was a significant difference in body weight and body fat percentages of sedentary women participating in the study compared to before exercise (p<0.05). When the blood lipids of the participants were examined, significant differences were found in HDL LDL and triglyceride levels compared to pre-test values (p<0.05).
Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, regular aerobic and anaerobic positive effect on body composition and blood lipids in women aged 25-30. It can be said that such regular training is necessary for a healthy life, especially for the prevention of obesity.

Aim: Our work investigates the use of "external momentum" in the context of hypertrophy oriented training. This is momentum supplied to the load (such as a dumbbell) used in an exercise by means of action of muscles not inherently involved in the exercise. We challenge the general consensus that the use of such momentum often described as "cheating" is counterproductive.

Methods: We focus on the use of external momentum in the shoulder lateral raise and adopt a framework whereby exercise execution is simulated on a computer. This is achieved using a physical model of motion which is combined with anthropomorphic measurements and empirical data of muscular recruitment from previous work.

Results: The introduction of moderate momentum (producing initial angular velocities around 57.5 deg/s) increases the torque of the target muscles even without an increase in the load used. A moderate increase in the load and the use of momentum allows the torque to be increased even further. In contrast, excessive use of momentum results in lower demands on the target muscles, while an excessive increase of the load reduces the total hypertrophy stimulus by virtue of the decreased number of repetitions which can be performed successfully and thus the dramatically shortened time under tension.

Conclusion: Our results disprove the conventional belief that the use of external momentum necessarily reduces the overload of the target muscles. A moderate use of external momentum increases both the per-repetition peak torque and the total hypertrophy stimulus in a set.

The purpose of this study was determined the effects of 12 weeks aerobic exercise and weight-lifting plus aerobic exercise on blood pressure, blood serum lipids and lipoproteins of sedentary females. Thirty seven sedentary females (Aerobic group mean age: 44.66 years, Weight-Lifting + Aerobic group mean age: 40.80 years) participated in this study. Before initiate the exercise their blood samples, peripheral measurements and thickness of skinfolds were taken. The subjects participated in aerobics group (n = 21) and weight-lifting plus aerobics group (n = 16) 3 times in a week through one hour. The intensity of exercise was increased gradually and their heart rates were raised up to 130-140 rates per-minute and of the tension. Two way ANOVA was used in this study. There were no significant difference between two different type of exercise groups (p>0.05) fırst group (aerobic); HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol) 18.12%, second group (weight-lifting plus aerobic) %28.23, there were a significant increase among them (p<0.01). Total cholesterol decrease 13.97% in group of aerobic exercise and it decreases 7.13% in group of weight-lifting plus aerobic. Triglyceride decreases 31.74% in group of aerobic exercise; it decreases 19.53% in group of weight-lifting plus aerobic exercise. Level of LDL-C was decreased 28.11% in group of aerobic exercise, 21.46% in group of weight-lifting plus aerobic. When we consider exercise types, the only flats of type is on triglyceride and APO B, (p<0.05), there were effects of exercise duration is on HDL-C, LDL-C AND Total cholesterol (p<0.01). There were effects of type and duration of exercise on TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, APO A1, and APO B (P<0.01). In this study, regular aerobic and weight-lifting plus aerobic exercises have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in sedentary women and a significant improvement in systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as reduction of cholesterol, triglyceride, and  of LDL-C. Level of HDL-C was increased in both of exercise groups.

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks exercise on body composition and some blood values in women. Methods: A total of 16 volunteer women with an age mean of 30,81 ± 9,44 years and an age mean of 159,44 ± 6,61 cm were participated in the study. Blood samples of the participants were taken at the health facility while they were hungry before starting the exercise program. After applying the eight-week and 3 days a week exercise program, blood samples of subjects were taken again. The results which obtained from the study were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 package program. In the analysis of the data, independent samples t test was applied to determine the difference between the groups. Results: As a result of the analyzes, while no significant difference was found between glucose and urea, creatine, total crystallinity, pre-test and post-test values of direct crystallization (p&gt;0,05), body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference,...

A large corpus of data obtained by means of empirical study of neuromuscular adaptation is currently of limited use to athletes and their coaches. One of the reasons lies in the unclear direct practical utility of many individual trials. This paper introduces a mathematical model of adaptation to resistance training, which derives its elements from physiological fundamentals on the one side, and empirical findings on the other. The key element of the proposed model is what is here termed the athlete's capability profile. This is a generalization of length and velocity dependent force production characteristics of individual muscles, to an exercise with arbitrary biomechanics. The capability profile - a two-dimensional function over the capability plane - plays the central role in the proposed model of the training-adaptation feedback loop. Together with a dynamic model of resistance the capability profile is used in the model's predictive stage when exercise performance is simulated using a numerical approximation of differential equations of motion. Simulation results are used to infer the adaptational stimulus, which manifests itself through a fed back modification of the capability profile. It is shown how empirical evidence of exercise specificity can be formulated mathematically and integrated in this framework. A detailed description of the proposed model is followed by examples of its application - new insights into the effects of accommodating loading for powerlifting are demonstrated. This is followed by a discussion of the limitations of the proposed model and an overview of avenues for future work.

The concept of occupational performance can be applied to museums in regard to how we synthesise relationships between person-environment –occupation. The transactions between these three dynamic elements are at the core of creative participation which can facilitate planned social transformation.  Mary Law and colleagues devised the Person-Environment-Occupation Model (1996) initially to reveal how occupational therapists could work with people with a disability to empower them to analyse and manipulate their social roles, environmental context, and capacity for action to achieve better adaptation to life circumstances. This approach was founded on the belief stated by Mary Reilly that, “Man through the use of his hands, as they are energized by mind and will, can influence the state of his own heath.” Hands are the tools that are most used by people who wish to understand and change the state of their world. Museums that offer people a safe ‘locus of control’ for relating to one another and manipulating social roles through play can be a research wonder world that is not necessarily grounded in physical facilities. The capacity for occupational performance can be played out through doing, being and becoming involved as a player in game scenarios, or through being an actor in real life community-based rehabilitation projects. This article describes the application of the P-E-O model to museum participation and provides examples of how communities can achieve higher levels of self-determination through supporting people to play chosen roles in identified scenarios which allow them to explore and creatively plan the effect of their actions on the world around them during a designated time period.

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks exercise on body composition and some blood values in women.
Methods: A total of 16 volunteer women with an age mean of 30,81 ± 9,44 years and an age mean of 159,44 ± 6,61 cm were participated in the study. Blood samples of the participants were taken at the health facility while they were hungry before starting the exercise program. After applying the eight-week and 3 days a week exercise program, blood samples of subjects were taken again. The results which obtained from the study were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 package program. In the analysis of the data, independent samples t test was applied to determine the difference between the groups.
Results: As a result of the analyzes, while no significant difference was found between glucose and urea, creatine, total crystallinity, pre-test and post-test values of direct crystallization (p>0,05), body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference, waist circumference / height ratio, baseline area, and uric acid were significantly different between the pretest and posttest measurements (p<0,05).
Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the eight-week exercise had differences in body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference, waist circumference, and baseline region and uric acid levels. It can be said that the exercise played an important role in the formation of this difference.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of isokinetic knee strength on promptness. 15 soccer players with an average age of 22,80±2,14 years and 15 controls with an average age of 21,60±1,40 years participated in the study. Body composition, isokinetic knee strength measurement at angular speeds of 60o, 180o, 240o and 10 m sprint test were conducted respectively in the study. General warm-up procedure was carried out on the groups before measurements. In statistical analyses, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the assumption of normality, while Levene test was used to test the assumption of homogeneity. Independent t test was used for the comparison of paired groups, while Pearson correlation was used to check the association between variables. When the results of our research were analyzed, no statistical significance was found between the two groups in terms of descriptive information (age, height, weight, BMI), while differences were found in the 10 meter sprint test in favor of the soccer players (p<0,05). When the isokinetic knee strengths were analyzed at angular speeds of 60o, 180o, 240o, while no statistical significance was found between the two groups, soccer players were found to have high results in general. As a conclusion, it was found that knee isokinetic strength of soccer players were higher when compared with the control group and they had better promptness time, and in soccer players, promptness was improved in the correlation test conducted for 10 meter sprint test as age increased

Objective: To explore the provision of medical care at ‘unlicensed’, full-contact amateur and lower-level professional combat sports competitions in England.
Design: Qualitative, mixed methods.
Methods: Observations totalling 200 hours of fieldwork shadowing medical professionals at 27 individual combat sports events, alongside formal, semi-structured interviews with 25 medical professionals, 7 referees and 9 promoters/event staff.
Results: Practices and standards vary widely.  Event organisers and promoters often have very little understanding of how different types of medical practitioners operate.  They rarely, if ever, check that the staff they are hiring are qualified, sometimes resulting in unqualified staff being used to provide medical cover at events.  Venues are often poorly equipped to accommodate basic medical procedures. Patient confidentiality is very often compromised.  Medical professionals often have limited autonomy within the combat sports milieu and may find themselves marginalised, with their judgements overruled by non-medical staff during competitive events.  Some practitioners are cognisant of the dangers such working environments pose to their professional reputations and livelihoods, but remain working within combat sports regardless.
Conclusions: Despite pockets of good practice, the lack of standardised rules for medical care provision creates substantial risks to athletes, to practitioners and the standing of the profession. The development and implementation of standardised, enforceable regulatory frameworks for full-contact combat sports in England is urgently needed.

Repair of rotator cuff tears is a common procedure. Prior to approaching this surgery, it should be realized that each surgical step can lead to complications, including those related to positioning and anaesthesia. Stiffness, infection and failure of repair are the more frequent complications reported.

La pedagogia è scienza di confine che si muove tra le dimensioni plurali dell’esser uomo e donna, tra tempi e spazi, tra saperi ed etiche, tra vincoli biologici e aperture esperenziali: tra natura e cultura. La pedagogia è scienza che si articola e articola scienze che si occupano della cura, del “prendersi” e dell’ “aver” cura.
In tale ottica, sistemica e complessa, è possibile avviare una riflessione epistemologica e pratico-operativa sull’incontro e integrazione tra pedagogia e medicina. Una riflessione con una storia “alta” che introduce nuovi piani interpretativi dell’oggetto, del campo di pertinenza, delle logiche, dei linguaggi, delle prospettive metodologiche della formazione, in direzione di ulteriori intrecci e scambi interdisciplinari.
La storia di Édouard Séguin, come quella di altri medici pedagogisti (da Jean Itard a Maria Montessori) dimostra la produttività di tali scambi e rinnova l’interesse per una riflessione mediatrice di tecniche e saperi, di interpretazioni ed etiche mirate a promuovere e valorizzare la permanente crescita e trasformatività dell’uomo nel suo costitutivo legame con il mondo.