Street Crime

The initial prediction is that the condition of covid-19 pandemic will shake people's lives in all aspects, and this condition has a great potential for rising crime. With all of its character, it is very interesting to discuss how street crime developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study use a mixed research method, where data is collected from facts in the field, legal sources or applied regulations, associated with legal materials obtained from literature review research and overall data obtained from both primary data and secondary data. The conclusion from this research is that street crime during the Covid-19 Pandemic cannot be stated expressly decreased or increased for each region has dynamics that differ from one another according to the characteristics of the region. The correlation of PSBB policy during the Covid-19 Pandemic with the level of street crime in the perspective of routine activity theory can be seen from several street crimes that change the type an...

The fields of criminology/criminal justice have periodically used the term and concept of urban street culture to explain selected types of street crime and gang behavior. This article argues that this characterization of street culture is too narrow, and that the concept has wider applicability to urban processes, including urban studies, urban anthropology, and urban geography. In so doing, this article briefly reviews the concept of street culture, including relevant research on this topic, argues that a dynamic process model is necessary, and then proposes one that is heuristic and dynamic in nature. The model consists of five major components that explain street culture, including street capital, competing cultural influences, mass media/cultural industries, social media, and street crime. These elements account for the complexity of street culture, and are assembled in a manner that allows for future hypothesis testing and theory building.

... Kathryn Curran, Michael Dale, Mark Edmunds, Mike Hough, Andrew Millie and Melissa Wagstaff A report prepared for the Crime and Drugs Division, Government Office for London ... Kathryn Curran, Michael Dale, Mark Edmunds, Mike Hough, Andrew Millie and Melissa Wagstaff ...

This paper presents a single case study of one street gang in one London borough. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 gang members, or former gang members, and seven practitioners. The practitioners and gang members/ex-gang members reported different perspectives on how the gang was structured and drug dealing was organised. The gang members/ex-gang members suggested that the gang
is a loose social network with little recognisable formal organisation. Although individual gang members sell drugs, the gang should not be viewed as a drug dealing organisation. Rather it is a composition of individual drug dealers who cooperate out of mutual self-interest. Therefore, some gang members are best described as independent entrepreneurs while others are subcontractors looking to ‘go solo’. The seven
practitioners, however, tended to describe a more hierarchically structured gang, with formal recruitment processes. This divergence of perspective highlights an important consideration for policy and research.

This article describes how criminal liability is contingent on two sets of factors: (1) criminal law's alternatives?civil, administrative and even non-legal strategies for addressing wrongdoing, and (2) choices in how we acknowledge social influences, instrumental goals, and the social costs of punishment. Moral culpability is weighed against utilitarian concerns in decisions to impose criminal sanctions. Further, even the assessment of culpability itself is mediated by utilitarian concerns driven by criminal law's alternatives. Conduct that can be effectively addressed non-criminally seems less culpable (despite explicit coverage by criminal law), and that makes utilitarian concerns?and civil sanctions and remedies?more likely to prevail when balanced against the need for retributive judgment of wrongdoing. This dynamic arises because criminal law's long-standing twin rationales, retributivism and deterrence, sometimes conflict in the response they counsel for culpable wrongdoing. In practice, criminal liability is not explained by culpability, nor by the familiar grounds for prosecutorial discretion?state resources limits, first-offense status, or marginal resulting harm. Neither do these considerations explain the wide variance in its use across the landscape of crime, from white-collar to "street" settings. The way we actually employ criminal liability demonstrates the contingency of criminal law, and culpability itself, on civil alternatives and social costs, and this has distributive implications. We use criminal liability for "street" wrongdoing much more than we do for white-collar wrongdoing; that variation cannot be explained by distinctions in those two settings, sets of offenders, or feasible alternative remedies. Yet reasons for it explain why we have yet to move street crime policy in the productive direction that increasingly characterizes white collar policy.

Mugging has become a major issue in the big cities particularly in Istanbul. The significant increase of mugging in Istanbul results in extensive coverage of the incidents by the media, and such a high coverage increases the fear of victimization of mugging and creates ‘moral panic’. Such a concern affects the society in several ways. The limitation of individual activities, the destruction of community ties, and change in the socio- economic life are some of the negative impacts of the problem.
Individuals and organized groups commit muggings, and according to official statistics, children under the age of 18 are the majority of the offenders. These offenders are dealt with by the juvenile justice system. This means most of the children are benefiting from the gaps within the justice system and the recidivism rate is very high within this group.
Another side of the problem is that police who are responsible for investigating these criminal activities cannot handle the problem alone. The classical way of dealing with this problem through traditional police tactics cannot offer any long-term solutions.
Therefore it is necessary to include all of the concerned parties in the solution process. To achieve this mission, universities, NGOs, police, media, and other private and public institutions should work together with a “problem-oriented and partnership philosophy.

The character trait that was never alien to an African was hospitality. A true African loved and cherished people without cognizance to their differences in ethnicity, tribe or language. This trait was more unimaginably excessive in the family system where everyone in a family treated one another like seeds of the same womb. One never bothered about the fate of his children should a sudden death visit. This was not because the parents of the primordial Africa were indifferent, but the family was not just by name; but a group that will cater for each relative irrespective of the womb he or she developed. The extended family system was full of strong cohesion of love and care for each other and each other's children. Could this trait of hospitality be so important to be discarded? This article seeks to enlighten readers on how the Africa-man lessened being hospital without knowledge and how this reflects in the increase of streetism within the society. Streetism is a term used to describe the situation where people, mostly children who live and struggle on the streets. These people, most often than not, have inadequate or no family ties. Eating once or twice and finding shelter becomes the prayers of these mercy seeking youth and children. Many factors contribute to the increase in streetism in Africa. Common among them include rural-urban migration, truancy, parental neglect and second generational street children (children "of the street") and poverty. The ethical questions that ought to arise in our minds are whether these victims are without families and if the inhabitants of Africa are still hospital? Of course, they do have families, evidentially; victims of streetism do bare surnames. In other words, they have families. The only question that seeks contemplation is whether families in our countries have maintained the hospitality we inherited as a basic trait of an African. Analytically, rural-urban migration, truancy, parental neglect and second generational street children (children "of the street") and poverty which are most common causes of streetism primarily resulted from the failure of the family.

The initial prediction is that the condition of covid-19 pandemic will shake people's lives in all aspects, and this condition has a great potential for rising crime. With all of its character, it is very interesting to discuss how street crime developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study use a mixed research method, where data is collected from facts in the field, legal sources or applied regulations, associated with legal materials obtained from literature review research and overall data obtained from both primary data and secondary data. The conclusion from this research is that street crime during the Covid-19 Pandemic cannot be stated expressly decreased or increased for each region has dynamics that differ from one another according to the characteristics of the region. The correlation of PSBB policy during the Covid-19 Pandemic with the level of street crime in the perspective of routine activity theory can be seen from several street crimes that change the type and location of their objects / targets as well as the increasing number of drug and cybercrime cases that are striking. PSBB conditions during Pandemic Covid-19 against crimes that require a new system that is integrated with the internet, a pattern of punishment with massive amounts of assimilation to reduce the density of prison and a virtual court examination system that should be a part of the criminal justice system in Indonesia

The initial prediction is that the condition of covid-19 pandemic will shake people's lives in all aspects, and this condition has a great potential for rising crime. With all of its character, it is very interesting to discuss how street crime developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study use a mixed research method, where data is collected from facts in the field, legal sources or applied regulations, associated with legal materials obtained from literature review research and overall data obtained from both primary data and secondary data. The conclusion from this research is that street crime during the Covid-19 Pandemic cannot be stated expressly decreased or increased for each region has dynamics that differ from one another according to the characteristics of the region. The correlation of PSBB policy during the Covid-19 Pandemic with the level of street crime in the perspective of routine activity theory can be seen from several street crimes that change the type an...

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This study has examined street crime in London, focusing on the causes of the ‘epidemic’ of 2000 and 2001 and its decrease from November 2001. It has examined the impact of the early stages of the Street Crime Initiative (SCI) and other policing initiatives in one of the ten SCI areas, testing for geographical, functional and tactical displacement. The study was commissioned in response to concerns from local authorities and police about crime displacement occurring in areas outside the SCI. It was largely conducted over a six-month period from October 2002, examining the available statistics in detail. Displacement was assessed mainly by comparing street crime trends over time and place and by examining changes in the length of ‘journeys to work’ made by street offenders. This analysis was supplemented by 121 interviews. Of these 73 were conducted with street offenders who were asked about their patterns of offending, and their awareness of, and responses to, the SCI. Finally, poli...

For the most part, street crime occurs when participants are in a heightened emotional or physical state. Other types of crime such as dishonesty, theft, or shoplifting, result in the offender deceiving the victim. Effective police officers require substantial training (in the classroom and the field) to detect deception and develop their ‘policing street-craft’. How, then, does the participant observer learn their ‘policing street craft’ in order to accurately interpret and understand the environment they are studying? The prac-ademic (practitioner-academic) holds an advantage in this regard. This presentation will discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of practitioner-led research.

Anyone living or working in a city has feared or experienced street crime at one time or another; whether it be a mugging, purse snatching, or a more violent crime. In the U.S., street crime has recently hovered near historic lows; hence, the declaration of certain analysts that street life in America has never been safer. But is it really? Street crime has changed over past decades, especially with the advent of surveillance cameras in public places—the territory of the street criminal—but at the same time, criminals have found ways to adapt. This encyclopedic reference focuses primarily on urban lifestyle and its associated crimes, ranging from burglary to drug peddling to murder to new, more sophisticated forms of street crime and scams. This traditional A-to-Z reference has significant coverage of police and courts and other criminal justice sub-disciplines while also featuring thematic articles on the sociology of street crime.