Sustainable Building Renovation

It is well-known that the existing building stock is responsible for non-renewable resource depletion, energy and material consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Life cycle analysis (LCA) procedures have thus been developed, in recent years, to assess the environmental impact of construction and operational phases through the entire building life cycle. Furthermore, the economic, environmental, and social consequences of recent natural disasters have encouraged the additional integration of hazard-induced impacts into common LCA procedures for buildings. Buildings are however expected to provide the population with safe living and working conditions, even when hit by different types of hazards during their service life, such as earthquakes. Hence, next-generation LCA procedures should include not only hazard-induced impacts, but also the contribution of potential retrofitting strategies that may alter the structural and energy performances of buildings throughout their rem...

Sustainability has become a fundamental requirement for the future of our cities.
This requirement is mostly associated with environmental issues, and a great effort has been made in the past years to build a low-carbon society. However, sustainability must also be associated with safety.
As a consequence, in seismic countries, sustainable cities must be not only low-carbon-emitting bust also earthquake-safe.
This concept represents the basic premise of this book.
According to this premise, in earthquake-prone nations like Italy—where most of the building stock is both highly earthquake-vulnerable and energy-consuming—energy renovation actions should be combined with seismic upgrades. Nevertheless, many barriers significantly limit the real possibility of undertaking combined retrofit measures, especially in the case of multi-owner housing and high-rise buildings. These barriers are of different kinds: economic/financial (high renovation costs, insufficient incentives and subsidies, landlord-tenant dilemmas, etc.), technical (ineffectiveness of conventional upgrade solutions, need of regulatory simplification, etc.), organizational (occupants’ dislocation and disruption, consensus to the retrofit expenditure by condominium ownerships, excessive time for getting construction permits, etc.), and cultural/social (insufficient information and skills, lack of adequate policy measures for promoting renovation actions).
This book aims to overcome these barriers and to bridge the gap between sustainability and safety, so to conserve both human and environmental resources. It brings together 11 contributions on different seismic and energy renovation measures, proposing technical solutions at district, building, and component level, for both historic and modern case studies.
Finally, I would like to thank the editorial team of Sustainability for inviting me to guest-edit the Special Issue on “Energy and Seismic Renovation Strategies for Sustainable Cities” which has been transformed into this book. I also thank all the authors and reviewers for their fundamental contributions.

D. REGIS,  (a cura di) Atlante dei borghi rurali alpini, Il caso Paraloup, Fondazione Nuto Revelli, 2012
E’ un volume edito dalla Fondazione Nuto Revelli che annovera nel comitato dei garanti Roberto Cerati, Claudio Pavone, Mario Rigoni Stern, Giorgio Rochat, Corrado Stajano. Il volume è a cura di Daniele Regis, dei cinque capitoli quattro sono a firma di Regis. La Presentazione è di Marco Revelli, presidente della Fondazione Nuto Revelli, storico sociologo e politologo tra i più autorevoli in ambito internazionale, ordinario all’Università del Piemonte orientale. Un capitolo è affidato a Giancarlo Allen fondatore e segretario nazionale dell’Associazione Nazionale Architettura Bioecologica, giudice italiano della Commissione internazionale del Premio Konstructive, che scrive su Paraloup e sul premio internazionale del Principato del Liechtenstein per costruzioni e ristrutturazioni sostenibili nelle Alpi, (menzione speciale a Paraloup) una delle più importanti azioni della Convenzione delle Alpi. E’ il primo volume dedicato interamente al rilievo e all’analisi di un’intera borgata alpina, il primo “capitolo” - scrive Marco Revelli - di un più generale ‘Atlante dei borghi rurali alpini’ di cui si sente disperatamente la necessità e alla cui concezione e progettazione ha lavorato con straordinario impegno la Facoltà  di Architettura. Daniele Regis scrive la presentazione del progetto dell’Atlante delle borgate alpine mettendone in luce le novità’ rispetto alle esperienze nazionali e internazionali, il taglio incentrato sulla borgata alpina nella sua unità, nella sua interezza come strumento di progetto".
Questo “Quaderno n. 1” della Fondazione Nuto  Revelli segue il Quaderno 0, Costruire nel paesaggio rurale Alpino, opera in italiano e inglese, che descrive il progetto di recupero della Borgata Paraloup in modo completo dall’ideazione  sino al  computo  metrico. Progetto premiato nel 2011 in Slovenia da tutti i Ministri d’Ambiente d’Europa in occasione della “XI Conferenza delle Alpi” e della prima Conferenza degli stati Dinarici, vincitore del Primo premio ex equo del prestigioso Premio Internazionale “Gubbio” nell’edizione 2012, Bandiera verde di Legambiente e Premio Uncem Borghi Alpini, Finalista al Premio The Plan, ( sezione culture) Premio UIAA 2017 , e vincitore della Rassegna Architetti Arco Alpino.
Il progetto è stato recensito -tra le molte pubblicazioni- su Abitare, Bauwelt, Hochparterre, e sui quotidiani La Stampa, Repubblica, Il Corriere della sera, Il sole 24 ore, L’Unità, Il manifesto, sui RAI 3 e TG3 Montagne.

This volume is published by Fondazione Nuto Revelli, whose members include Roberto Cerati, Claudio Pavone, Mario Rigoni Stern, Giorgio Rochat, Corrado Stajano. In this book four chapters out of five are edited by Daniele Regis. The preface is written by Marco Revelli, president of Fondazione Nuto Revelli, one of the most renowned social and political historian from all over the world and professor at the University of Eastern Piedmont. The remaining chapter is entrusted to Giancarlo Allen, founder member and national secretary of the National Association of Bioecological Architecture, Italian judge of the international Commission at ‘Konstruktiv’ Prize. Furthermore he has written about the Paraloup’s project and the international Liechtenstein Prize concerning sustainable building and refurbishment in the Alps (special mention to Paraloup), one of the most important action of the Alpine Convention. This is the very first book entirely dedicated to an alpine village and its mountain. ‘In the first chapter it is evident the idea and the strong commitment given by the Architecture University’, claims Mr. Marco Revelli. Daniele Regis presents ‘Atlante dei borghi rurali’ underlining the innovations brought in the project through national and international experiences, focusing the attention on the alpine village as a whole and as a planning instrument.
‘Quaderno n. 1’ was published after ‘Quaderno 0, Costruire nel paesaggio rurale Alpino’, available also in English version, it is a detailed description of the restoration project of the alpine Paraloup’s village from the conception to the bill of quantities. The project won many prizes, in 2011 was awarded in Slovenia on occasion of the “XI Alpine Conference” and “1st Dinaric Alps Conference”, in 2012 won ex-equo the prestigious international Prize ‘Gubbio’, the ‘Bandiera Verde’ of Legambiente and the Uncem Borghi Alpini Prize.
The project was reviewed on magazines ‘Abitare’, ‘Bauwelt’, ‘Hochparterre’ and newspapers ‘La Stampa’, ‘Repubblica’, ‘Il Corriere della sera’, ‘Il sole 24 ore’, ‘L’Unità’, ‘Il manifesto’, and broadcast on ‘RAI 3’ e ‘TG3 Montagne’.

Building designers are struggling to deeply integrate the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in projects. The review of the literature revealed that the available research is focused on linking the current practices, including sustainable building practices, with the SDGs. This has, in turn, limited the development of novel approaches as well as new building design methodologies that specifically aim at attaining the agenda's targets. To help building design teams achieve the meaningful integration of the agenda's five Ps, this paper proposes two analytical mapping tools which can be used during the integrated design process to track the integration of SDGs in the building projects, and to analyze the building design approaches and visions in reference to the topics of the goals. The research uses a case study for an energy-positive building in Quebec to test the proposed tools. The analysis focuses on the integration of 8 of 17 SDGs, discusses the specific building features which were used to achieve this integration, and analyzes the team's design visions regarding the goals. The results reveal that in the case studied, the integration of the 8 SDGs moves beyond the current standards by mostly applying design approaches which are future-driven and focused on products and technologies. This research provides important practical tools that can inform building practices in the private and the public sector and contributes to the theory and practice of sustainable building design. It also supports the current effort towards the implementation and localization of the SDGs.

Energy and environmental issues are increasingly important in existing building service and energy systems around the world. Despite great efforts to implement retrofit techniques in Sweden, no stringent evaluation of the benefits of these techniques or their systematic design has been completed. Traditional evaluations have not taken into account the embodied energy and greenhouse gases emissions of different retrofit options. This omission leads to underestimation of the potential environmental benefits of modern retrofit techniques. In this study a novel hybrid modeling approach to quantify the sustainability of retrofit options is developed to fill these knowledge gaps. The compatibility of environmental and energy-saving modeling of various energy-saving techniques for future transition of Swedish residential building stock is analyzed. Consolis Retro and the life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques are employed and further coupled to simulate retrofit options. The model integrates both energy demand (net operational energy), primary energy (operational energy from energy mix to buildings) into evaluation criteria. Embodied energy (energy required to produce materials of retrofitting options) and embodied greenhouse gas emissions (upstream CO 2 equivalent) are introduced as new measures in the evaluation criteria. The results showed that low-temperature heating retrofitting was the most effective option from both a primary and embodied energy perspective in the studied building types. Combining circulation pump renovations could further contribute to the efficiency of low-temperature heating for energy-demand savings. High operational energy-saving measures may not always lead to larger reduction in both embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions, particularly for building envelope retrofitting. Neglecting the embodied energy of retrofit options will increase the risk of overrepresenting their energy-saving contributions. The sustainability improvements of retrofitting, particularly large-scale measures, should take into account the embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions from the material productions.

In the last decades, in Italy, as well as in the international context, the phenomenon of the abandoned industrial buildings has become significantly huge, with inevitable social, urban and economic repercussions. Meanwhile, the cultural debate has generated an always more increasing awareness about the problem and the strategic role that the industrial wastelands can play for the satisfaction of new needs. In the proposed paper it will be analyzed the issue of the abandoned industrial areas, in its evolutionary aspects since the mitwentieth century until now, and the possibilities of conversion for an appropriate re-use. To this end, several case studies will be presented and appropriate intervention strategy will be shown.

This study examines renovation strategies among owners of rental housing in Sweden in response to European energy policies that promote deep renovation as a means to reduce carbon emissions from residential buildings. Case studies of ten housing companies, seven public and three private, were designed with the aim to examine housing owners' attitudes and renovation strategies, and how policies and objectives for energy efficiency become incorporated into these attitudes and strategies. Results are illustrated in typologies that distinguish between renovation strategies with either a more commercial or a more societal focus and spanning between deep and partial renovation. The typologies can be used to discuss how different aspects influence renovation, and illustrates how strategies change over time. The study identifies a trend in which housing owners are increasingly relying on partial or overtime renovation. Cost is one important driver, but social responsibility toward tenants and in some cases the protection of cultural heritage are also found to be important. A distrust of fixed models for renovation was observed. The paper questions the concept of deep renovation and suggests instead partial and overtime renovation as a way forward toward sustainable renovation. Partial renovation can bring together energy efficiency with environmental, financial, social, and cultural objectives of housing management. If managed properly, overtime renovation can reduce the risk of an investment, and has the advantage of allowing future technological advancements in energy efficiency to be included in current planning.

All around the world, a huge amount of buildings have been built before the enforcement of specific codes for seismic resistance and energy efficiency. Particularly in Italy, over 74% of residential buildings were constructed before 1980, when only 25% of the territory was classified as seismic, and nearly 86% were built before 1991, when the first restrictive regulation on energy efficiency was issued. This means that most buildings need both seismic and energy renovation actions to improve their sustainability level. The proposed combined retrofit strategy for reinforced concrete framed buildings is based on the replacement of the external layer of double-leaf infill walls, made of hollow bricks, with high-performing AAC blocks: this solution can be implemented by operating mainly from the outside of the building, thus reducing occupants' disruption during retrofitting. The generally neglected structural contribution of masonry infill panels is here considered using a recently developed macro-element modeling approach. The results suggest that, from a structural viewpoint, the proposed intervention involves the highest improvement at the damage limitation limit state, while lower upgrades are recorded at life safety limit state and near-collapse limit state. In regards to the energy issues, the energy demand can be reduced by 10% and 4% for heating and cooling, respectively, just by replacing the outer layer of blocks; further savings can be achieved through the application of a supplementary insulation layer.

Renovation of existing building stock presents significant environmental benefits when compared to demolition or new construction, although it presents several constraints and
structural specificities. In particular, public social housing – or affordable housing - is characterized by a common framework of very complex resolution. Some experiences were attempted challenging the theory of an apparent contradiction between the refurbishment of low cost housing blocks and the establishment of sustainable buildings/communities.
The aim of the research is to suggest a system of regenerative strategies, identifying the major issues that impend on the transformation of low cost public housing neighborhoods into eco
neighborhoods, and highlighting the need of working simultaneously on local ecosystem and community balance to guarantee a strong sustainability. In order to assess the proposed methodology,
its opportunities and constraints, a theoretical approach was applied to a case study (Bento Jesus Caraça neighborhood, in Oeiras  municipality).

Eastern Europe today is confronted with an unavoidable problem - the multifamily apartment building stock is deteriorating but apartment owners do not have sufficient access to resources, be they organizational, financial, technical, or legal. In addition, destructive myths have grown about the Soviet era buildings despite their continued resilience or the ex-GDR experience in the 90s with the same buildings. Further, without resources, decision making in residential apartments is seen as a major obstacle, and is used as an explanation for why renovation has not taken place in Latvia. This is important not only in the context of a potential housing crisis but also because the renovation of apartment buildings is an effective solution to significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It has a proven potential to effectively finance the long-term renovation of these buildings. This paper summarizes the first findings of a comprehensive and in-depth study of apartment buildings, their owners and the processes relating to renovation, combining social and environmental engineering research methods. It seeks to understand how owners of multi-family buildings in Eastern Europe understand their buildings, and then to answer two questions: how to motivate owners to renovate their homes and increase energy efficiency, and what business models should be used to implement economically viable and high-quality projects.

The world is experiencing energy crisis since the 1970s due to the limitation in fossil fuel resources and increasing energy demand as a result of industrialisation and development which have taken place all over the world [1]. It is reported by International Energy Agency (IEA) that 32% of the total worldwide energy consumption was contributed by building sector [2]. Researchers found that Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system consumed the highest amount of energy in commercial building [3–7] meanwhile in tropical countries more than 50% of the building's energy were used for air conditioning [8]. This research found that standard building can be transformed into Low Energy Office building by applying heat gain reduction methodologies draws from heat balance analysis. An office building in Malaysia was audited and modelled in Design Builder software for heat balance analysis. It is found that 75% of the building's heat gain was radiated from lighting system and solar heat gain through window. It is estimated that 45.85% of building's energy can be saved by changing the zones temperature set point, modification in lighting system and building's glazing for daylight optimization and minimizing solar heat gain. Besides energy saving, the building's indoor environmental quality based on MS1525:2007 and occupants’ comfort was ensured too. A basic cost analysis estimated in the software shows that the highest increment in initial cost for the methodologies suggested was only 1.32%, hence this study shows that a sustainable building does not necessarily induced high cost for the technologies implementation if the right technologies were chosen to suit the building's condition

Built after the great earthquake of 1755, Baixa Pombalina in Lisbon is both a unique example of Portuguese urbanism and a candidate for the UNESCO World Heritage List. Historic centres face major preservation and economic issues. This paper discusses how this site addresses two concerns:1) ensuring the integrity of the building’s interiors and façades; 2) conserving the main values of this unique historical centre. These requirements must be compatible with sustainability, that is, with attracting residents to live in an urban environment with high quality historic buildings.

Paper 'On Longing' was presented and published under the category of Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering at the International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts / SGEM Vienna 2016.
This paper evaluates the idea of an architectural phenomenology recasting history as the experiential content of speculative architecture. Such work and research is structured by architectures unique mode of intellectuality where the intellectual act cannot be separated from aesthetic experience.

This paper is more articulate developing previous exploratory work such as "Inevitable Reconstructions" and "Drawing as a Third-party Phenomena" both written in 2014.

'Stanhope Gardens' is renovation project of a 180 sqm, 3-floor apartment in a grade II listed building in the London district of Stanhope Gardens.  The project completed in 2013 entails the gentle reconstruction of a previous Victorian formal language and the installation of newly designed program as one large autonomous object referred to as ‘super furniture’.

The World Architecture Festival 2014 took place at Marina Bay Sands in Singapore with a program of conferences, seminars, workshops, and exhibitions. The program highlights building sustainable cities with keynote speakers Ole Scheeren, Sir Richard Rogers, Rocco Yim, Saskia Sassen and Moshe Safdie.

The Stanhope Gardens project was selected for the best interior architecture award and exhibited and discussed in a presentation at the Marina Bay Sands Convention Centre.

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Kami adalah pelaku usaha di bidang sipil- kontruksi yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan rumah dan bangunan. Layanan yang kami berikan diantaranya :
1. Jasa Renovasi Dan Pembangunan Rumah
2. Pemasangan Rangka Atap Galvalum
3. Pembuatan Interior Untuk Kantor-Showroom- Meeting Room Rumah/ Villa / Apartement.
4. Pemasangan Sekat Partisi Untuk Kantor Dengan Bahan Kalsiboard
5. Pembuatan Gudang Kontruksi Baja.

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The problem of context, a fundamental aspect of dealing with built environments, has not been adequately addressed by mass customization systems so far, which has limited their scope of application. The aim of the present article is to evaluate the adequacy of existing methods of producing as-built plans of rooms by non-expert users for the automatic generation and production of partition walls for building renovation. This paper highlights criteria to develop appropriate methods of capturing context for mass customization construction systems.

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When facing a retrofitting project which tries to improve the energy performance of a cultural heritage building it is necessary to weigh carefully different aspects such as: energy efficiency, modernization and comfort. These energy improvements are desirable, but are not always possible without compromises. The situation may become slightly problematic when solar energy systems should be installed in historic buildings. The first step to overcoming barriers successfully, is to better understand the processes for both, historic preservation and solar PV project implementation, and to foster working with professionals in each sector to receive appropriate support and guidance. Establishing an assessment criterion for each step was the top priority of the research project presented here to assist in achieving a successful result.

An important part of the multi-family housing stock in Sweden was built during the record years 1961-1975 and is in need of extensive renovation to be modernized. The stock is also at the center of political discussion of how to sustain 'good housing for all', especially in the rental sector. These renovation needs coincide with present energy targets and provides an opportunity to combine renovation with energy efficiency measures. Common for many of these buildings are that neglected maintenance has led to technical shortcomings, such as high energy use and low thermal comfort due to bad insulation, unsatisfactory air tightness and leaky windows, inefficient heating systems and insufficient ventilation, and moisture damage due to leaking building envelope and leaking pipes. However, the people living in these buildings are not willing to or cannot afford to pay the higher rents that extensive renovations would entail. Earlier research has highlighted the broader societal problem of energy renovations, but also that of housing companies' priority of measures with short payback times, and those that give the possibility to raise rents. However, recent observations indicated a tendency towards more holistic approaches to housing renovation, and this study was initiated to investigate how public and private housing companies deal with renovation levels, rent increases and related social problems. The main conclusions are that sustainability and social responsibility are moving up on agendas in the public sector, but also, apparently, in the renovations strategies among the private companies. What is also seen is a trend moving from extensive total renovations to more tenant-adapted and step-by-step renovations. Renovation options which do not entail such large rent increases are increasingly being seen. Implications are that housing owners favor gentle renovation with reasonable rent increases of 10%-20%, which at the same time, may be a drawback for reaching energy efficiency targets.

In seismic European countries most of the residential building stock is highly energy-intensive and earthquake-prone because it was built before the enforcement of the most recent energy and seismic codes. Furthermore, this stock often shows a low architectural quality due to poor maintenance and/or construction and design deficiencies: for all these reasons, it needs deep renovation, but the use of common energy and seismic upgrading techniques is often unsustainable in terms of costs, work duration, and occupants' disturbance. Therefore, new integrated, affordable, fast, and low-disruptive renovation actions are strongly needed. This study proposes an innovative energy, seismic, and architectural renovation solution for reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings, based on the addition of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels to the outer walls, in combination with wooden-framed panels. The two panels integrate insulation and cladding materials in order to improve the energy performance and the architectural image of the renovated building. Moreover, the CLT panels are connected to the existing RC frame through innovative seismic energy dissipation devices. In case of an earthquake, these devices in combination with the CLT panels reduce the drift demand of the building, preventing or reducing structural damages and consequent repair costs. In particular, this paper investigates the technical feasibility, the energy efficiency, and the architectural enhancement of the proposed retrofitting system. To this purpose, dynamic thermal simulations were conducted on a typical multi-story residential building from the 1960s, located in Catania, Italy. The results indicated that this retrofitting technique considerably improved the energy performance of the selected building, with a reduction of the global energy demand up to nearly 60%. The presented study is part of a larger research project aimed at also investigating, in a further stage, the seismic performance achievable by the above-mentioned renovation solution.

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The petitioners requested a review of federal policies, legislation, regulations, and technical guidance to facilitate municipal implementation of a Property Assessed Payments for Energy Retrofits (PAPER) program. The petitioners describe potential benefits of a PAPER program for the federal government, including achieving targets for reductions in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as potential economic stimulus through job creation.

Federal Departments Responsible for Reply: Environment Canada, Department of Finance Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada

Petition: 333 Issue(s): Climate change, federal-provincial relations, governance 

Petitioner(s): David McRobert, Legal Consultant; William E. Johnston, M.A., LL.B. et al.

In this paper, the complex modernizations of existing educational buildings are examined from energetic aspect. A case study based research was conducted between 2010 and 2017 with the involvement of architect student groups. The selected buildings are architecturally valuable secondary schools in Győr (Hungary) built in 1950-70. Firstly, the present conditions of the buildings were recorded in plans and in experts' reports. Secondly, 18 complex modernization designs were developed on the 6 buildings in order to offer complex solutions to the existing problems. The analyzing and planning processes were done with a holistic approach. The main motive of building modernization is usually to improve energy efficiency, therefore energy performance of buildings were examined on scientific level according to the Hungarian regulations in the second part of the research. Detailed energy calculations were made in the present and modernized conditions of the school buildings based on design proposals. In this way, the effect and efficiency of each modernizing measure could be analyzed revealing the omitted possibilities of the plans. Main conclusion of the evaluation was that the existing buildings could not fulfil the new, stricter energetic requirements if they had been renovated with usual methods. Based on the lessons, a general action plan was formulated with 12 measures in logical order, which can be applicable on any buildings having similar characteristics to the examined ones. In this way, these can be renovated according to the expectations of cost-optimal or nearly-zero-energy buildings, as well. Suitability of the general action plan was tested with energetic calculations on the studied school buildings. The energetic analysis revealed that the suggested general action plan could be effectively applicable to the modernization of existing educational buildings.

Nowadays, renovation of buildings is a general recommendation in order to reduce the operational energy consumption and their emissions associated. Besides, the renovation of buildings allows reusing materials, increasing the building life service and avoiding the deconstruction and new construction impacts. However, it is necessary to be aware that the intervention itself generate an impact (embodied energy, transportation and construction process), and sometimes, energy systems upgrading does not mean a consumption reduction and it also have influence on the city metabolism. The European Union and the Royal Institute of British Architecture have defined strategies in order to reduce the impact associated to buildings through renovations or refurbishments, however, both approaches have differences in their own standpoint. Besides, there are many concepts and terms associated to renovation that do not allow to clarify the objective with a technical and rigorously perspective. Facing the current uncertainties, life cycle assessment technique allows focusing on an already confirmed methodology in order to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated to the renovation of buildings. While environmental impact on new construction is highly addressed, publication of refurbishment's environmental impact is lacking in the academic literature. The used materials in construction phase of conventional building accounts for 20% of the total life cycle impact, while the operation energy is around 80%. However, recent researches show how as we design buildings with lower energy consumption the previous balance is levelling, and thus the weight of the materials on the total impact of the building is around 40% compared to 60% of operating energy. Therefore, in this communication are shown the current approaches and concepts in an international context to define a low environmental impact renovation. Firstly, it is proposed a classification of the renovation impacts according to the rebound effect theory. Secondly, it has been done a review of the academic literature that has used the life cycle assessment to evaluate the renovation of buildings, where convergences and divergences has been found between authors. Finally, it concludes highlighting those common perspectives and what fields are needed to develop in order to get a holistic and global approach of the environmental impact of renovation of buildings.

It is well-known that the existing building stock is responsible for non-renewable resource depletion, energy and material consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Life cycle analysis (LCA) procedures have thus been developed, in recent years, to assess the environmental impact of construction and operational phases through the entire building life cycle. Furthermore, the economic, environmental, and social consequences of recent natural disasters have encouraged the additional integration of hazard-induced impacts into common LCA procedures for buildings. Buildings are however expected to provide the population with safe living and working conditions, even when hit by different types of hazards during their service life, such as earthquakes. Hence, next-generation LCA procedures should include not only hazard-induced impacts, but also the contribution of potential retrofitting strategies that may alter the structural and energy performances of buildings throughout their rem...

An important part of the multi-family housing stock in Sweden was built during the record years 1961–1975 and is in need of extensive renovation to be modernized. The stock is also at the center of political discussion of how to sustain ‘good housing for all’, especially in the rental sector. These renovation needs coincide with present energy targets and provides an opportunity to combine renovation with energy efficiency measures. Common for many of these buildings are that neglected maintenance has led to technical shortcomings, such as high energy use and low thermal comfort due to bad insulation, unsatisfactory air tightness and leaky windows, inefficient heating systems and insufficient ventilation, and moisture damage due to leaking building envelope and leaking pipes. However, the people living in these buildings are not willing to or cannot afford to pay the higher rents that extensive renovations would entail. Earlier research has highlighted the broader societal problem o...

An important part of the multi-family housing stock in Sweden was built during the record years 1961–1975 and is in need of extensive renovation to be modernized. The stock is also at the center of political discussion of how to sustain ‘good housing for all’, especially in the rental sector. These renovation needs coincide with present energy targets and provides an opportunity to combine renovation with energy efficiency measures. Common for many of these buildings are that neglected maintenance has led to technical shortcomings, such as high energy use and low thermal comfort due to bad insulation, unsatisfactory air tightness and leaky windows, inefficient heating systems and insufficient ventilation, and moisture damage due to leaking building envelope and leaking pipes. However, the people living in these buildings are not willing to or cannot afford to pay the higher rents that extensive renovations would entail. Earlier research has highlighted the broader societal problem o...

Historic multi-residential buildings that have been renovated at an earlier occasion are today facing new interventions. Re-renovation defines a concept for a second major renovation which opens up for the possibility of recreating architectural and heritage values that has been lost in earlier renovations at the same time as demands for modernisation, energy efficiency, and economy are met. This paper focuses on what values heritage and historic buildings represent for residents, how they perceive the effects of energy renovation, what building elements they appreciate, and the implications for carrying out re-renovation. An empirical study of two cases with rental and owner-occupied housing has been applied combing a questionnaire survey (n= 83) and interviews (n=9). Findings indicate that historic buildings create values for their residents which should be considered by property owners when planning a renovation or re-renovation. Methodologically, asking residents about heritage values is challenging and the paper provides suggestions for further research in the field.

Sustainable housing renovation is often connected to broader transformation processes and a need of holistic approaches to deal with social, environmental and economic development. Architectural knowledge has been described as uniquely positioned to handle complex real-world problems by dealing with sustainability from a whole-systems perspective. In this paper, the role of the architect and the influence of architectural knowledge are explored in four cases of public housing renovation. The results show that most of the architects experience limited influence. The division of longer transformations into shorter projects under the direction of a series of architects rather than a single firm is a limiting factor, and public procurement another. Good experience is also reported from integrated design, suggesting that architects could play a productive role as educators of the design team. In order to fulfil that role, the architects might need to review their approach to sustainable renovation.

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