Syntaxonomy

The article summarizes the data on mires of the Oxycocco-Sphagnetea from Ukrainian Carpathians. 71 never published before relevés are presented. On the basis of analysis of this data and 55 relevés from literature 5 associations are distinguished: Eriophoro vaginati-Sphagnetum recurvi Hueck 1925, Andromedo polifoliae-Sphagnetum magellanici Bogdanovskaja-Gienev 1928, Sphagno-Pinetum sylvestris Kobendza 1930, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum mugo Lutz 1956, Empetro nigri-Sphagnetum fusci Osvald 1923.

La vegetación zonal paramuna de la cordillera Occidental colombiana está representada por 28 unidades sintaxonómicas comprendidas en catorce asociaciones, cinco subasociaciones, cinco alianzas y tres órdenes integrados en una única clase para la franja paramuna de Tatamá y Frontino. Ocho de estos conjuntos corresponden a enmiendas de unidades pertenecientes a las propuestas originales para la cordillera. En el caso de los páramos del norte de Colombia, las formaciones se resumen en 28 unidades zonales reunidas en quince asociaciones, seis subasociaciones, cinco alianzas, un orden y una clase, complementadas por cinco asociaciones y una subasociación azonales. Seis de las agrupaciones originales planteadas para la region fueron validadas, y cinco comunidades ecológicas fueron incorporadas formalmente como categorías sintaxonómicas. Los grupos botánicos que integran los levantamientos de vegetación de la cordillera Occidental reúnen 102 familias, 195 géneros y 294 especies, mientras que los inventarios del norte del país comprenden 79 familias, 158 géneros y 217 especies. Las familias Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae y Ericaceae, destacadas por su riqueza en los páramos evaluados, se caracterizan igualmente por su amplia distribución en las seis subregiones paramunas consideradas, en conjunto con otras angiospermas como Clusiaceae, Geraniaceae, Iridaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae y Scrophulariaceae. Otros grupos taxonómicos de gran riqueza y distribución son las familias Lycopodiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae (pteridofitas), Dicranaceae, Polytrichaceae (musgos), Jungermanniaceae (hepáticas) y Atheliaceae (líquenes). La vegetación de sectores paramunos como los cerros Pintado y Tres Tetas, la vertiente nororiental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y el Nudo de Paramillo carecen actualmente de caracterizaciones detalladas. / Abstract. The zonal páramo vegetation of the Colombian Western Cordillera comprises 28 syntaxonomic units including fourteen associations, five subassociations, five alliances and three orders gathered in a single class for the páramo belt of Tatamá and Frontino. Eight of these groups represent amendments of former units formulated for the Cordillera. With regard to the páramos of northern Colombia, formations are summarized in 28 zonal units including fifteen associations, six subassociations, five alliances, one order and one class, in addition to five azonal associations plus one subassociation. Six groups originally proposed for the region were amended, and five ecological communities were formally incorporated as syntaxonomic categories. The vegetation relevés of Western Cordillera consists of 102 families, 195 genera and 294 species, whereas plots of northern Colombia are composed of 79 families, 158 genera and 217 species. Angiosperm families as Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae and Ericaceae are distinguished by its high richness in the study area and its wide distribution among the six páramo subregions considered, as well as Clusiaceae, Geraniaceae, Iridaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Some other taxonomic groups with high richness and wide distribution are families Lycopodiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae (pteridophytes), Dicranaceae, Polytrichaceae (mosses), Jungermanniaceae (hepaticae) and Atheliaceae (lichens). Currently there are scarce knowledge about páramo vegetation growing in areas like Cerro Pintado and Cerro Tres Tetas, the northeastern slope of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta and the Nudo (‘Knot’) of Paramillo.

Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
ISSN 2220-8860
CODEN PIAEBW
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Volume 9, Number 4, 1 December 2019

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Evaluation of three algal strains isolated for bioremediation of environmental pollutants
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 9(4): 104-126
Mehrdad Asadian, Barat Ali Fakheri, Ahmad Farhad Talebi, et al.
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Pioneer community level syntaxonomy of forests of lesser Himalayan belt of upper Tanawal Mansehra, Pakistan
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 9(4): 127-136
Muhammad Farooq, Waleed Anjum, Khalid Rasheed Khan, et al.
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Reclamation of fly ash dykes using naturally growing plant species
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 9(4): 137-148
Neelima Meravi, Santosh Kumar Prajapati
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Cadmium and lead absorption in soil and plants of Cercis siliquastrum and Ailanthus altissima
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 9(4): 149-158
Azam Sadat Delbari, Bita Afsordeh, Elahe Aghaee
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Alternance of overpopulation of urban insect pests in areas of Cerrado in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 9(4): 159-163
Walter Santos de Araujo, Bruno Maia Oliveira, Erica Vanessa Duraes de Freitas, et al.
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Acidification of recalcitrant effluent: Optimization of time and reagent volume
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 9(4): 159-163
Maria Luisa P. R. Alves, Elisangela Maria R. Rocha, Samara Teixeira Pereira, et al.
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Species composition and distribution of marine foulers along the southeast coast of Tamilnadu, India
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 10(1): 1-1
Ravi Murugeswari Prasanth, Pandiyan Sureshkumar
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Floristic composition, community syntaxonomy and ordination of Guzara (unprotected) forests of Hilkot range, District Mansehra, KP, Pakistan
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 10(1): 8-21
Khalid Rasheed Khan, Muhammad Farooq, Abbas Hussain Shah, et al.
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Estimation of fuel wood consumption and its negative impact on surrounding vegetation: A case study of Baffa town, Mansehra, Pakistan
Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 10(1): 22-31
Zulfiqar Khan, Abbas Hussain Shah, Muhammad Farooq, et al.
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In this study, we validated some syntaxa, the published names of which were regarded as invalid on the basis of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. The validations concern syntaxa of different hierarchical levels, belonging to different phytosociological classes. Most validations regard syntaxa that are invalid with respect to art. 5 of the Code. Indeed, the nomenclatural types were not indicated in the correct form (typus, holotypus, lectotypus, and neotypus).

Based on phytosociological information compiled from published works between 1977 and 2006, this study synthesizes the zonal vegetation of the páramos from northern Colombia (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Serranía of Perijá). After an exhaustive data standardization process, nine (9) classification tests were gradually applied to detect the main patterns of floristic composition. A total of 28 syntaxonomic units were identified. Such units include fifteen (15) associations, six (6) subassociations (Bejario-Calamagrostietum gaiadendretosum punctati, Bejario-Calamagrostietum espeletietosum perijaensis, Drabo-Calamagrostietum erigerontetosum raphaelis, Drabo-Calamagrostietum oligandretosum chrysocomatis, Espeletio-Chusqueetum aetosum leucanthae, Espeletio-Chusqueetum perissocoeleetosum phylloidei), five (5) alliances (Hyperico baccharoidis-Calamagrostion effusae, Lourteigio stoechadifoliae-Calamagrostion effusae, Obtegomerio caerulescentis-Lachemillion polylepidis, Ranunculo spaniophylli-Calamagrostion effusae, Hyperico stricti-Chusqueion tessellatae), one (1) order (Hyperico magdalenici-Calamagrostietalia effusae) and one (1) class (Stevio lucidae-Calamagrostietea effusae), as well as five (5) ecological variants and five (5) independent communities. The following associations were found in dry ecosystems from the southern areas of the Serranía of Perijá: seven (7) associations with dominant matrices of bunchgrasses (tussocks) of Calamagrostis effusa and C. intermedia, including low stemrosettes of Arcytophyllum nitidum, Espeletia perijaensis and species of Hypericum (H. baccharoides, H. magdalenicum) and Bejaria (B. resinosa, B. nana) (Bejario resinosae-Hypericetum magdalenici, Bejario nanae-Calamagrostietum effusae, Gaylussacio buxifoliae-Arcytophylletum nitidi, Calamagrostio effusae-Espeletietum perijaensis), herbaceous vegetation of Lourteigia stoechadifolia (Calamagrostio intermediae-Lourteigietum stoechadifoliae) and Orthrosanthus chimboracensis (Calamagrostio effusae-Orthrosanthetum chimboracensis), and grasslands of Muhlenbergia angustata (Lourteigio stoechadifoliae-Muhlenbergietum angustatae). In the south slope of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta the followings associations were found: two (2) of shrubby bunchgrasses of Calamagrostis effusa and Festuca cf. sanctae-martae with low bushes of Lachemilla polylepis, Obtegomeria caerulescens, Arcytophyllum nitidum and Stevia lucida (Arcytophyllo nitidi-Festucetum sanctae-martae, Laennecio schiedeanae-Calamagrostietum effusae), and one (1) association of arboreal stemrosettes of Libanothamnus occultus (Valeriano karstenii-Libanothamnetum occulti). In the humid-environments of the northern part of the Serranía of Perijá: , there are three (3) associations of bamboo shrubs of Chusquea tessellata in combination with bunchgrasses of Calamagrostis intermedia, stemrosettes of Espeletia perijaensis and low shrubs of Arcytophyllum nitidum, Hypericum strictum and Pernettya prostrata (Espeletio perijaensis-Chusqueetum tessellatae, Arcytophyllo nitidi-Calamagrostietum intermediae, Geranio holosericei-Chusqueetum tessellatae). In the northern part of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta there are two (2) associations of dense and open bunchgrasses of Calamagrostis cf. effusa with low bushes and herbaceous or creeping elements, such as Ranunculus spaniophyllus, Perissocoeleum purdiei and rosettes of Draba cheiranthoides; bryophytes are also abundant (Drabo cheiranthoidis-Calamagrostietum effusae, Perissocoeleo purdiei-Calamagrostietum effusae). In addition, we recognized five (5) associations, one (1) subassociation and four (4) communities of azonal and aquatic vegetation, including dry arboreal stemrosettes of Libanothamnus divisoriensis (Holodisco argentei-Libanothamnetum divisoriensis), wet sparce shrubs of Lachemilla polylepis (Lachemilletum polylepidis), shrubby meadows with cushions of Xyris columbiana and low bushes of Hypericum magdalenicum (Hyperico magdalenici-Xyridetum columbianae), meadows and ground rosettes of Acaena cylindristachya (Acaenetum cylindristachyae) and Werneria pygmaea (Oritrophio limnophili-Wernerietum pygmaeae typicum), and vascular cushions of Azorella crenata (Azorelletum crenatae). The nomenclature of the final groups is based on the validity of the previously defined units, following the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. The eleven (11) units formerly proposed for the Serranía of Perijá were invalid, as well as for eleven (11) of the 17 sintaxa proposed for the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. Six (6) of them were validated in this contribution; five (5) groups previously proposed as ecological communities were formally incorporated as syntaxonomic ranks, and one (1) association is degraded. Eight (8) synonyms and two (2) corresponding names were established. Additional descriptions of other phytocoenosis fromother areas of the páramo are provided. The vegetation from some areas in the Serranía of Perijá, such as that of Cerro Pintao and Cerro Tres Tetas, and extensive regions of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, particularly that of the northeastern slope, remain to be studied.

Six (6) species of three tribes Arundineae (Arundo donax L. & Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.), Aristideae (Aristida adscensionis L. & Aristida cyanantha Nees ex Steud.) and Chlorideae (Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.& Tetrapogon villosus Desf.) were investigated for their foliar micro-morphological variation and its taxonomic significance through Light and Scanning Electron microscope. The three tribes has a great diversity in the micro-morphological features i.e. stomatal type number, size, shape, stomatal density (SD), silica bodies, macrohairs, micro hairs, epidermal cell number, epidermal cell density (ECD), subsidiary cells, prickles, hooks, papillae, short and long cells on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces. In species of Arundineae paracytic stomata were observed, in Aristideae tetracytic type of stomata were observed, while in Chlorideae both paracytic and teracytic stomata were seen. The Arundineae has maximum stomatal number (Mean 21.4 to 46.2) and epidermal cell (Mean 51.6 to 77.2). These foliar micro-morphological characters were found significant in the delimitation and systematics of these species and can be used as tool in the identification and assessment of taxonomic problems at species and tribe levels.
Comparative foliar micro morphological studies of tribe arundineae, aristideae and chlorideae from malakand agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317543509_Comparative_foliar_micro_morphological_studies_of_tribe_arundineae_aristideae_and_chlorideae_from_malakand_agency_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Pakistan [accessed Jul 6, 2017].

In Tuexenia, vol. 38, Zięba et al. published an extensive syntaxonomical study of Arolla pine (Pinus cembra) forests, based on 108 relevés from both Poland and Slovakia. The authors stated that only a few works have been dedicated to the Arolla pine forests of the Tatras, and that calcicolous communi-ties have not been studied previously. However, only Polish authors were cited, and studies on Arolla pine forest communities from Slovakia were neglected. In total, 141 relevés of (mixed) Arolla pine communities were published between the years 1932–2016 from the Slovakian part of the Tatras. The present article briefly introduces the respective literature sources and refers to an alternative syntaxonomical synthesis of Arolla pine communities recently published: simultaneously, the relevés of Zięba et al. are reclassified. Missing literature sources are reflected in the use of the incorrect altitudinal value for the “theoretical tree line” (1,550 m a.s.l.) as well as in the controversial evaluation of documented Arolla pine stands as “relict forests”, although traces of spontaneous secondary succession are detectable on most of the sites due to historical anthropogenic disturbances. The problematic issues are shortly discussed, based on available literature and documented field data.

The Colombian Páramo Vegetation Database (CPVD; GIVD ID SA-CO-001) originates from the rush of phytosociological studies developed during the second half of the last century. The efforts of Spanish, Dutch and Colombian botanists have allowed almost the entire territory of the country where this natural region (páramo) is present to be covered. The database currently has records of approximately 1,000 plots representing at least 327 different physiognomic types such as shrubs, Espeletia stem rosettes and bunchgrasses established in localities of the three Andean Cordilleras and in the Caribbean massifs, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Serranía de Perijá. The Eastern Cordillera, which is the most explored mountain range, contains the highest diversity and richness in vegetation types. The construction of the database has allowed us to start the delimitation and syntaxonomical classification of vegetation units, as can be seen in the most recent phytosociological treatments of the páramo vegetation of the Western Cordillera and the massifs of the Caribbean region. The database provides information for programs on conservation of associated flora and fauna species and restoration – recovery of vegetation types under imminent risk due to habitat loss. Also relevant are its applications in spatial delimitation of conservation reserves, development of thematic cartography, and precise definition of altitudinal limits of the páramo region for land use purposes.

Using the Braun-Blanquet approach, 7 plant communities of forests and 3 communities of krummholz were distinguished on the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula on the eastern coast of Lake Baikal. Dominant species of these communities are Abies sibirica, Larix sibirica, Pinus sibirica, P. sylvestris, P. pumila and Betula divaricata. The data from Svyatoi Nos were combined with all the available data from the northern part of the Republic of Buryatia (289 releves) and classified into 23 communities. These have been assigned to the following alliances: Aconito rubicundi-Abietion sibiricae - floodplain forests with tall forbs and the relict occurrence of a few nemoral species, Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae - mesic forests with (sub-Atlantic-) boreal species and abundant mosses, Vaccinio-Pinion pumilae - krummholz communities of NE Asian distribution, Cladonio stellaris-Laricion gmelinii - Larix gmelinii dominated open forests on permafrosts with NE Asian distribution, and Hieracio umbellati-Pinion sylvestris - xeric forests with southern Siberian species. Phytogeographical affinities of these alliances are discussed and a system of high-ranked syntaxa (orders, classes) is proposed for the northern Buryatian forests and krummholz.

The nomenclature history of the Seslerietalia apenninae, Seslerion apenninae and Seslerietum apenninae, three crucial syntaxonomic units typical of the Apennine (sub)alpine calcareous grasslands, is discussed. The paper suggests the correct names of the syntaxa and provides their nomenclature typification according to thc Code of Phytosciological Nomenclaturc (Ed. 3). All three syntaxa considered were validly published by Bruno'& Furnari (1966).

The aquatic and hygrophilous vegetation of Lakes Chiusi and Montepulciano (Siena, central Italy) was studied according to the phytosociological method. The survey led to the identification of 44 community types belonging to 10 syntaxonomic classes. A comparison between the current and past situation is also shown, taking into account the main floristic and phytosociological literature sources for the study areas. Some coenoses dominated by rare species at the national or regional scale were detected, such as Najadetum minoris, Potamo perfoliati-Vallisnerietum spiralis, Eleocharis acicularis community, Mentho aquaticae-Caricetum pseudocyperi, Thelypterido palustris-Phragmitetum australis and Eleocharito palustris-Hippuridetum vulgaris. Seven habitats are important for nature conservation according to the European Directive 92/43/EEC. Two other habitats are considered of regional interest according to Tuscan legislation. Moreover, this study emphasises the presence of several communities of great naturalistic and phytogeographic importance which are currently not included in any habitat of conservation interest. Similar to many other wetland systems across the Italian peninsula, the survey showed that the study areas still host a remarkable floristic and vegetation biodiversity, in spite of strong anthropogenic pressures putting at risk their conservation in the long term.

This study provides a synthesis of the zonal vegetation of the paramo life zone of the Colombian Western cordillera (mountain range), based on the available information about phytosociological plots carried out in the study area. After an exhaustive data standardization process, fourteen (14) classification tests were applied successively in order to detect the main patterns of zonality and floristic composition. 28 syntaxonomic units was identified, including fourteen (14) associations, five (5) subassociations (Diplostephio-Loricarietum oreoboletosum cleefii, Diplostephio-Loricarietum sphagnetosum magellanici, Diplostephio-Chusqueetum gaultherietosum anastomosantis, Diplostephio-Chusqueetum diplostephietosum schultzii, Diplostephio-Chusqueetum calamagrostietosum effusae), five (5) alliances (Calamagrostio effusae-Rhynchosporion aristatae, Diplostephio schultzii-Chusqueion tessellatae, Diplostephio rupestris-Chusqueion tessellatae, Aragoo occidentalis-Espeletion frontinoensis, Halenio foliosae-Calamagrostion effusae) and three (3) orders (Cortaderio nitidae-Baccharitetalia macranthae, Loricario complanatae-Calamagrostietalia effusae, Halenio foliosae-Baccharitetalia tricuneatae) gathered in a single (1) class of zonal-extrazonal vegetation for the paramo belt of Tatamá and Frontino (Pentacalio vaccinioidis-Calamagrostietea effusae). Among the plant associations described there are three (3) types of bamboo shrubs of Chusquea tessellata, Monnina salicifolia and species of Diplostephium (D. schultzii, D. cinerascens, D. rupestre) (Cortaderio nitidae-Chusqueetum tessellatae, Rhynchosporo aristatae-Monninetum salicifoliae, Diplostephio cinerascentis-Chusqueetum tessellatae), two (2) types of shrubs of Pentacalia vaccinioides with Diplostephium rosmarinifolium and Gaiadendron punctatum (Diplostephio rosmarinifolii-Gaiadendretum punctati) or with Aragoa occidentalis and Hypericum juniperinum (Hyperico juniperini-Pentacalietum vaccinioidis), one (1) type of dwarf shrubs of Loricaria complanata and Diplostephium rupestre (Diplostephio rupestris-Loricarietum complanatae), one (1) of shrubby bunchgrasses of Calamagrostis effusa and Oreobolus venezuelensis with Loricaria colombiana and species of Hypericum (H. juniperinum, H. laricifolium) (Oreobolo venezuelensis-Achyroclinetum alatae), four (4) types of stemrosettes-bunchgrasses and shrubs-rosettes of Espeletia hartwegiana and E. frontinoensis with Calamagrostis effusa, Blechnum loxense, Lycopodium clavatum, Vaccinium floribundum and Diplostephium rupestre (Sphagno magellanici-Calamagrostietum effusae, Hieracio adenocephali-Espeletietum frontinoensis, Blechno loxensis-Espeletietum frontinoensis, Espeletio frontinoensis-Calamagrostietum effusae), two (2) types of grasses-sedges of Rhynchospora aristata, Carex bonplandii and Calamagrostis effusa (Geranio sibbaldioidis-Rhynchosporetum aristatae, Rhynchosporo aristatae-Caricetum bonplandii), and one (1) of bunchgrasses (tussocks) of Calamagrostis effusa with Arcytophyllum muticum (Arcytophyllo mutici-Calamagrostietum effusae). Likewise, one (1) ecological variant went defined, as well as (5) five communities of shrubs and grasses with Blechnum loxense and Calamagrostis effusa without a clear relation with regard to the agreed units. The final sintaxa nomenclature is based on the outcome of the validity checking of the former units formulated for the paramo formations of the Colombian Western cordillera, under the current regulations of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. There are inconsistencies in eight (8) of the 16 zonal and extrazonal syntaxa presented in the original works, as also in one (1) amendment suggested for an association of the Eastern cordillera. Eight (8) valid groups are amended in this proposal. An overview of the zonal formations previously observed by researchers in the paramos of El Duende and the Farallones (inland cliffs) of Cali is included. The treatment for the azonal vegetation will be presented in a forthcoming paper. At the moment there is a lack of detailed assessment of the high Andean plant communities in regions of the cordillera such as the Nudo (mountain knot) of Paramillo and the Farallones of Citará.

EUNIS Habitat Sınıflandırması, uyumlaştırılmış açıklamalar ve Avrupa genelinde veri koleksiyonuna olanak tanıyan, doğaldan yapaya, karasaldan tatlı ve tuzlu sulara tüm habitat tiplerini içeren, kapsamlı bir habitat sınıflandırma sistemidir. Bu derlemede, 2011-2020 yılları arasında EUNIS ile ilgili Türkiye’de yapılmış olan literatürdeki çalışmalar taranmıştır. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda, 3. seviyede toplam 140 EUNIS habitat tipi tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmalarda, herhangi bir seviye kısıtlaması olmaksızın EUNIS’te tanımlı olmayan 26 yeni habitat tipinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu derleme, Türkiye genelinde EUNIS habitatlarının genel durumunu ortaya koymuş ve bu kapsamda genel bir değerlendirme imkânı sunmuştur. Bunun yanında bu çalışma, bu alanda araştırma yapacaklar için önemli bir altlık olacaktır.

The results of investigation of flood-plain ephemerous vegetation communities in the National Na-
ture Park «Pyryatynsky» are presented. We distinguish 7 associations from Nano-Cyperion flavescen-
tis, Eleocharition ovatae, Radiolion linoidis and Verbenion supinae alliances of the order Nano-Cype-
retalia and themclass Iso¸to-Nano-Juncetea. The associations Psammophiliello-Juncetum nastanthi
and Polygono recti-Juncetum juzepczukii are described as new syntaxa. Cyperetum flavescentis, Cype-
retum micheliani and Eragrostidetum suaveolentis are listed for Ukraine for the first time. The sets of
diagnostic and constant species, coenotic, chorological, nomenclaturical and syntaxonomical features
for every syntaxon are presented.

EUNIS Habitat Sınıflandırması, uyumlaştırılmış açıklamalar ve Avrupa genelinde veri koleksiyonuna olanak tanıyan, doğaldan yapaya, karasaldan tatlı ve tuzlu sulara tüm habitat tiplerini içeren, kapsamlı bir habitat sınıflandırma sistemidir. Bu derlemede, 2011-2020 yılları arasında EUNIS ile ilgili Türkiye’de yapılmış olan literatürdeki çalışmalar taranmıştır. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda, 3. seviyede toplam 140 EUNIS habitat tipi tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmalarda, herhangi bir seviye kısıtlaması olmaksızın EUNIS’te tanımlı olmayan 26 yeni habitat tipinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu derleme, Türkiye genelinde EUNIS habitatlarının genel durumunu ortaya koymuş ve bu kapsamda genel bir değerlendirme imkânı sunmuştur. Bunun yanında bu çalışma, bu alanda araştırma yapacaklar için önemli bir altlık olacaktır.

The aquatic and hygrophilous vegetation of Lakes Chiusi and Montepulciano (Siena, central Italy) was studied according to the phytosociological method. The survey led to the identification of 44 community types belonging to 10 syntaxonomic classes. A comparison between the current and past situation is also shown, taking into account the main floristic and phytosociological literature sources for the study areas. Some coenoses dominated by rare species at the national or regional scale were detected, such as Najadetum minoris, Potamo perfoliati-Vallisnerietum spiralis, Eleocharis acicularis community, Mentho aquaticae-Caricetum pseudocyperi, Thelypterido palustris-Phragmitetum australis and Eleocharito palustris-Hippuridetum vulgaris. Seven habitats are important for nature conservation according to the European Directive 92/43/EEC. Two other habitats are considered of regional interest according to Tuscan legislation. Moreover, this study emphasises the presence of several communit...

Thermophilous deciduous forests of Quercetalia pubescentis are widespread in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), where they occupy about 11% of the national territory and account for about 20% of the total forest area. This paper provides their formalized classification and nomenclatural revision, based on 274 relevés from the literature and 399 relevés collected during intensive field research. The Cocktail method was used for supervised classification, which resulted in 17 associa-tions recognized for B&H. Additionally, one new association emerged after semi-supervised classification of relevés not classified by Cocktail. The following associations were recognized, and characterized by species composition, ecology and distribution: 1. Querco pubescenti-Carpinetum oriental-is; 2. Rusco aculeati-Carpinetum orientalis; 3. Carici hallerianae-Quercetum pubescentis; 4. Cruciato glabrae-Carpinetum orientalis; 5. Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum pubescentis; 6. Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubesc...

Thermophilous deciduous forests of Quercetalia pubescentis are widespread in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), where they occupy about 11% of the national territory and account for about 20% of the total forest area. This paper provides their formalized classification and nomenclatural revision, based on 274 relevés from the literature and 399 relevés collected during intensive field research. The Cocktail method was used for supervised classification, which resulted in 17 associa-tions recognized for B&H. Additionally, one new association emerged after semi-supervised classification of relevés not classified by Cocktail. The following associations were recognized, and characterized by species composition, ecology and distribution: 1. Querco pubescenti-Carpinetum oriental-is; 2. Rusco aculeati-Carpinetum orientalis; 3. Carici hallerianae-Quercetum pubescentis; 4. Cruciato glabrae-Carpinetum orientalis; 5. Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum pubescentis; 6. Aristolochio luteae-Quercetum pubesc...

This study provides a synthesis of the zonal vegetation of the paramo life zone of the Colombian Western cordillera (mountain range), based on the available information about phytosociological plots carried out in the study area. After an exhaustive data standardization process, fourteen (14) classification tests were applied successively in order to detect the main patterns of zonality and floristic composition. 28 syntaxonomic units was identified, including fourteen (14) associations, five (5) subassociations (Diplostephio-Loricarietum oreoboletosum cleefii, Diplostephio-Loricarietum sphagnetosum magellanici, Diplostephio-Chusqueetum gaultherietosum anastomosantis, Diplostephio-Chusqueetum diplostephietosum schultzii, Diplostephio-Chusqueetum calamagrostietosum effusae), five (5) alliances (Calamagrostio effusae-Rhynchosporion aristatae, Diplostephio schultzii-Chusqueion tessellatae, Diplostephio rupestris-Chusqueion tessellatae, Aragoo occidentalis-Espeletion frontinoensis, Hale...

El presente estudio aplica el uso de herramientas sistematizadas y los conceptos clásicos de la fitosociología en la identificación, caracterización y síntesis preliminar de las unidades de vegetación azonal presentes en la cordillera Oriental, revisando las propuestas anteriores de clasificación y analizando conjuntamente la información obtenida de 500 levantamientos realizados en la cordillera por numerosos investigadores entre 1976 y 2001 abarcando el área comprendida entre las regiones paramunas de Almorzadero al norte, Sumapaz al sur y occidente y la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy al oriente, distribuidos entre los límites con la vegetación de bosque altoandino (3.000 m) hasta el superpáramo (4.435 m), incluyendo algunas localidades extrazonales (2.800 m). Se diferenciaron en total 136 unidades de vegetación distribuidas en seis clases, cinco ordenes, 17 alianzas, 61 asociaciones, 13 subasociaciones y 34 variantes, además de 14 comunidades, agrupadas en cuatro tipos principales de vegetación: acuática y de ribera, cojines de pantano, herbácea de pantanos y turberas, y arbustiva de matorrales y chuscales. Los páramos del centro de la cordillera comparten la mayor riqueza de alianzas (diez), seguidos por los de la región Sur (nueve) y los de Chingaza (ocho); la mayor riqueza de asociaciones se concentra en los páramos del sur y centro de la cordillera y en la región de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (25, 21 y 18 respectivamente). La vegetación de cinco alianzas presenta distribución restringida, tres de ellas existentes en la región de Tota, una en el centro de la cordillera y la restante en la región de Chingaza; el mayor numero de asociaciones con distribución restringida se presenta en los páramos del Centro de la cordillera (diez), en la región de Tota (siete) y en la región Sur (cinco). La vegetación de las alianzas Ditricho-Isoetion y Oreobolio-Plantagion posee amplia distribución a lo largo de toda la cordillera, seguidas por las alianzas Crassolion venezuelense, Junco·Elatinion y Calamagrostion ligulatae, ausentes solo en unas pocas áreas; en cuanto a asociaciones, la vegetación del Gentiano-Plantaginetum y del Crassuletum venezuelense posee la distribución más amplia. La vegetación de la alianza OreoboJio-Plantagion presente la distribución altitudinal más amplia de la vegetación azonal (franja extrazonal a superpáramo, 3.150-4.350 m), seguida por la vegetación del Egerio-Myriophyllion (páramo bajo a superpáramo, 3.350-4.435 m). En cuanto a flora, la mayor riqueza de géneros presentes en la vegetación acuática la poseen las familias Asteraceae (siete), Poaceae (seis), Cyperaceae (cinco) y Scrophulariaceae (cuatro), los géneros con mayor número de morfoespecies en este tipo de vegetación son Isoetes (ocho), Juncus (siete) y Eleocharis (cinco). Las familias con mayor representación de géneros en la vegetación terrestre son Asteraceae y Poaceae (25 y 15 respectivamente), seguidas por Scrophulariaceae (nueve) y Cyperaceae (siete); los géneros más ricos en morfoespecies son Carex (12), Campylopus, Hypericum, Monticalia y Lachemilla (cada una con 11 morfoespecies). Especies como Crassula venezuelensis, Werneria pygmaea, Plantago rigida, Calamagrostis ligulata, Puya santosii, Blechnum loxense, Aragoa abietina, Chusquea tessellata y varias de los géneros Eleocharis, Isoetes, Carex y Sphagnum cobran gran importancia en el proceso sucesional entre comunidades acuáticas y etapas iniciales de colmatación hasta las fases avanzadas de terrización, transicionales a tipos propios de vegetación zonal.

The coastal zone of the Sea of Azov consists of mainland cliff and modern surface terrace. Its length (including estuaries and accumulative formations – bars, spits) is about 2686 km, and a height of 100 m, and width varies from 150 meters to several kilometers. In the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov there are four main types of coasts: abrasion, abrasion and landslide, accumulative and anthropogenic. Multifactorial and variable processes in the coastal zone of the sea (between land and water masses) are identified by the peculiarities of geological structure and a number of factors (hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrodynamic and hydrobiological), each of those presenting significant fluctuations in space and time.
Abrasion and landslide coasts are common for the Sea of Azov coastal zone, especially in the North Pryazov’ya, Taganrog Bay and Kerch-Taman region in particular. Coast is the Quaternary loess formations. Vegetation of abrasion and landslide coasts of the Sea of Azov is characterized in this article on the basis of authors research carried out during 2008-2013. This research was conducted in three regions of Ukraine (Donetsk, Zaporozhye and Kherson), the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and two administrative units of the Russian Federation – Rostov and Krasnodar regions. Environmental profile of abrasion and landslide coasts of the Sea of Azov with distribution of major vegetation classes is presented. The syntaxonomical scheme of vegetation of abrasion and landslide coast of the Sea of Azov, which has 4 classes, 4 orders, 4 unions, 10 associations, 20 options is presented. In particular, class Agropyretea repentis Obert., Th. Mull. et Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967, which combines ruderal communities formed by perennial plant species on anthropogenic ecotopes, includes 1 order (Agropyretalia repentis Oberd., Th.Mull et Görs in Oberd. et al. 1967), 1 union (Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis Görs 1966), 7 associations (Convolvulo-Agropyretum repentis Felfoldy 1943, Cardario-Agropyretum repentis Th. Mull. et Görs 1969, Agropyretum repentis Görs 1966, Anisantho-Artemisietum austriacae Kost. 1986, Atriplici calothecae-Melilotetum officinalis Korzh. et Klyukin 1990, Cardario drabae-Sonchetum oleracei Korzh. et Klyukin 1990, Geranio tuberosi-Dactylidetum glomeratae Korzh. et Klyukin 1990) and 13 options. Class Artemisitea vulgaris Lohm., Prsg. et R.Tx. in R.Tx. 1950, which combines ruderal communities of biennial and perennial plant species, widespread on nitrified ecotopes, includes 1 order (Meliloto-Artemisietalia absinthii Elias 1979), 1 union (Potentillo-Artemision absinthii Elias (1979) 1980) and 1 association (Artemisio absinthii-Phragmitetum australis Smetana, Deproluk, Krasova 1997). Class Chenopodietea Br.-Bl. 1951 em Lohm., J. et R. Tx 1961 ex Matsz 1962, which combines communities of annual ruderal species of recovery succession stages on disturbed soils, includes 1 order (Sisymbrietalia J. Tx. ex Matsz 1962 em Gros. 1966), 1 union (Sisymbrion officinalis R.Tx., Lohm., Prsg. in R.Tx 1950 em Hejny et al. 1979), 1 association (Atriplicetum tataricae Ubrizsy 1949) and 4 options. Class Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Wicherek 1973, which combines mesoxerophytic communities of saline substrates with varying moisture, primarily saline meadows, includes 1 order (Artemisio santonicae-Limonietalia gmelinii V. Golub et V. Sl. 1988), 1 union (Artemision santonicae Shelyag-Sosonko et V. Sl. 1987) and 1 association (Limonio meyeri-Elytrigetum elongati Tyshchenko 1996) consisting of three options. Structural features of outlined syntaxons are characterized (including the description of the floristic composition, projective cover, the average number of species descriptions). 8 associations (Convolvulo-Agropyretum repentis, Cardario-Agropyretum repentis, Agropyretum repentis, Anisantho-Artemisietum austriacae, Cardario drabae-Sonchetum oleracei, Artemisio absinthii-Phragmitetum australis, Atriplicetum tataricae, Limonio meyeri-Elytrigetum elongati) among those are widely spread in the coastal zone, while 2 (Atriplici calothecae-Melilotetum officinalis, Geranio tuberosi-Dactylidetum glomeratae) are found fragmentarily on the southern coast (Kerch-Taman region). The largest area of the landslide coasts of the Sea of Azov is occupied by phytocoenoses of classes Agropyretea repentis and Festuco-Puccinellietea, which are spread on different parts of the coast. The first ones are found on the most moving upper and middle parts of the slopes, the latter ones are located in their soles. First class communities are characterized by low projective cover and polydominance, plant communities of slopes’ soles, on the contrary, are characterized by high projective cover, significant biological products and dominance of 1-3 plant species. Flora landslide shores of the Azov Sea is about 150 of species of vascular plants, two thirds of them are synanthropic species. They are primarily formed out of synanthropic annual, biennial (Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski, Atriplex aucheri Moq., A. prostrata Boucher ex DC., A. tatarica L., Bromus squarrosus L., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Conium maculatum L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke, Melilotus albus Medik., M. officinalis (L.) Pallas) and perennial (Acroptilon repens (L.) DC., Artemisia austriaca Jacq., A. absinthium L., A. vulgaris L., Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., Convolvulus arvensis L., Cynanchum acutum L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Ecbalium elaterium (L.) A. Rich., Marrubium peregrinum L.) plant species. A significant role in forming landslide coasts communities also belongs to steppe (Agropyron pectinatum, Carex melanostachya M. Bieb. ex Willd., Bromopsis riparia (Rehman) Holub, Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, Galatella villosa (L.) Reichenb., Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrader, Poa angustifolia L., P. bulbosa L.), meadow (Agrostis stolonifera L., Alopecurus pratensis L., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth, Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski, E. intermedia (Host) Nevski), shrub (Crataegus fallacina Klokov, Lycium barbarum L., Prunus spinosa L., Rhamnus cathartica L.), paludal (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Epilobium hirsutum L., Carex riparia Curt.) and littoral (Artemisia santonica L., Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey., Leymus sabulosus (Lam.) Tzvelev, Crambe pontica Steven et Rurp., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Pleconax subconica (Friv.) Sourkova)) taxa. Geographical distribution of particular communities within the coastal zone is presented. There is a suggestion that the growth of processes synanthropization of coastal flora the Sea of Azov is caused by global climate change. The influence of natural and anthropogenic factors contributes to increasing the area of abrasion and landslide coasts, that, in turn, leads to the distribution of synanthropic communities in the Sea of Azov coastal zone and the decrease of the territories occupied by natural vegetation. The prospect of further investigation of abrasion and landslide coasts of the Sea of Azov is to study the dynamic processes, especially syngenesis and demutation, as well as to develop plans for phytobiota management of these dynamic geomorphological formations.