Test ANOVA

Bricks are one of the most important items of construction activities. India is the second largest brick producer in the world. It is continuously expanding on account of a rapid increase in demand for bricks in infrastructure and housing project. In order to meet this demand, over 150,000 brick units provide direct employment to more than 8 million workers. The annual turnover of the industry is Rs. 8000 crore (Approx). With the restriction in use of clay in manufacturing of bricks, fly ash brick is best substitute for it. Growing awareness among the prospective and potential building & consistent efforts by Govt. fly ash brick is incorporate in the schedule of various construction agencies. With the change of demand of the society, fly ash bricks are gradually increasing day by day not only in the metropolitan cities but also in urban & rural sector. All construction works are dependent on bricks. This research paper presents a comparison of fly ash bricks and clay bricks. Data is collected through questionnaires and personal interviews targeting Consultants, Engineers, and Traders. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is adopted to evaluate the responses collected from the respondent by Independent Samples T-test.

Context: Jordan is looking for a cheap and locally affordable source for its cosmetics, fuel and medical applications. Jojoba offers one solution to such problems. It is considered as a good medicinal plant that can be used for several applications. Aims: To evaluate the effect of parameters as mixing speed, temperature, feedstock grain size, mixture ratio and mixing time on the jojoba yield. Methods: The mathematical model combining the effect of all the above variables was then used to find the optimum combination for maximum yield. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique was used for modeling and optimization. Based on the Pareto chart of parameters effect, the seed size was the most significant followed with temperature effect. Results: It was found that the optimum values obtained for best yield were seed size of about 0.48 mm, the temperature of about 65°C and mixing time of 2.8 hours maximum yield of about 56% wt can be obtained. Conclusions: A mathematical model was suc...

Alhamdulillahi Rabbilalamin, segala puji bagi Allah SWT. yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunianya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah dengan judul "Uji Statistika ANOVA" tepat waktu. Penulis berrharap semoga makalah ini dapat berguna dalam rangkah menambah wawasan serta pengetahuan kita. penulis menyadari masih terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam makalah ini. Untuk itu, kritik dan saran terhadap makalah ini sangat diharapkan.

Industri perikanan memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, Mengingat Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan yang memiliki potensi sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan yang sangat tinggi. Produk ekspor perikanan paling banyak mendominasi adalah komoditi udang, disusul oleh tongkol (tuna) kemudian kerang. Total volume ekspor hasil perikanan Indonesia tahun 2012 sebesar 1.229 juta ton dengan 1,5 juta ton adalah komoditi udang. Hal ini mengalami peningkatan lebih dari 5% dari tahun sebelumnya. Peningkatan ini berjalan paralel dengan perbaikan pengendalian mutu dan keamanan pangan yang dilakukan oleh kementerian. Beberapa negara di sekitar Indonesia yang menjadi konsumen utama antara lain Jepang, Tiongkok, dan Singapura. Ketiga negara ini tiap tahunnya mengekspor lebih dari 1000 ton dari Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian guna mengetahui apakah kuantitas ekspor berbagai komoditas hasil laut Indonesia yang meliputi tongkol, kerang dan udang yang dilakukan ke tiga negara tersebut berbeda atau sama dengan analisis multivariate. Hingga pada akhirnya, pemerintah dapat menentukan kebijakan yang tepat dalam rangka menjamin supply dan distribusi dari tiga komoditi tersebut. 
Keyword : Ekspor,  hasil laut, Kebijakan , Multivariate

Membrane distillation (MD) is a developing thermally driven membrane desalination technology that has been applied in four different basic configurations. In membrane distillation, a hot, saline feed stream is passed over a hydrophobic membrane. The temperature difference between the two sides of the membrane leads to a vapour pressure difference that causes water vapour to permeate through the membrane pores, and then condensed on the cold side of the membrane. The hydrophobicity of the membrane prevents the liquid from passing through the pores, while the water vapour is allowed to pass through. The technique offers the attractiveness of operation at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (40– 90oC), and has the theoretical ability to achieve 100% salt rejection. Thus, low-grade energy like solar and waste energy can be used for desalination.
In this work, an experimental investigation of the performance of Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) system was performed for seawater and laboratory prepared salt feed water solutions. The influences of  system operating parameters such as feed temperature, feed flow rate, coolant temperature, coolant flow rate and air gap width on permeate flux were studied. The effects of membrane pore size as well as the concentration of feed solution on permeate flux were also investigated. The performance of the AGMD unit was statistically optimized using design of experiment (DOE) and Taguchi technique. Furthermore, theoretical model describing heat and mass transfer analysis in AGMD was developed and discussed in detail.
The permeate flux was found to increase with increasing feed temperature and feed flow rate. However, it decreased with increasing air gap width and coolant temperature. The system performance tends to increase marginally with increasing coolant flow rate. The system performance is mostly dominated by the effect of both feed temperature and air gap width. Feed flow rate and coolant temperature have relatively considerable effect on flux. Increasing the membrane pore size from PTFE 0.22µm to PTFE 0.45µm leads to about 10% increment in flux production. While increasing the feed concentration from 0.075g/L to 60g/L lead to about 11% drop in permeate flux. The tested double-stage AGMD design was capable of achieving a maximum permeate flux of 128.46kg/m2hr, which is almost twice that of single stage unit, under the same experimental conditions.
In general, the theoretical model results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data as the maximum deviation of model results was within 15%. The model was also used to predict thermal efficiency and temperature polarization of the AGMD system.
Regarding system optimization using Taguchi methodology, the developed model proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data with a maximum deviation of about 10%. According to Taguchi orthogonal arrays, the experimental and model optimum system performance was found to be 76.0457 kg/m2h, and 74.5916 kg/m2h respectively. The conditions for the optimum performance are 80oC feed temperature, 5 L/min feed flow rate, air gap width of 3mm and coolant temperature of 20oC.

In Recent years, a lot of emphasis has been given to renewable, sustainable and environment friendly energy sources in order to offset the dependence of mankind on conventional and non-renewable sources of energy most of which are fossil based. However, the plethora of options available today makes it difficult for the users, policy makers as well as the researchers in this area to identify the right source for a specific situation as the usage and implementation depends on a variety of factors such as availability, ease of transportation, maintenance and end of-life options. Energy and environment are closely interlinked and therefore any alternative energy option brings with it a certain impact on the environment. Several terms such as ‘cradle to grave’, ‘cradle to cradle’, ‘cradle to gate’ are used in this regard to denote the impacts at each stage of a product’s life-cycle. This has led to a lack of understanding among the practitioners in this field and often leads to complicated situations where no agreement can be found over one single source of renewable energy. The integrated assessment of all environmental impacts from cradle to grave is the basis for many decisions relating to achieving improved products and services. This research paper presents an adoption of Renewable Energy Resources in current trends of Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Nadiad, Anand, Vadodara, and Surat. Data is collected through questionnaires and personal interviews targeting various category people. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is adopted to evaluate the responses collected from the respondent by ANOVA test.

RESUMO: Estudos mostram que o efeito da “ilha de calor urbana” ocorre quando, em decorrência modificações das características físicas das superfícies, resultante da substituição de áreas verdes por edificações e pavimentação, ocorre o aumento da temperatura do ar nas áreas centrais das cidades em relação as áreas mais afastadas do centro. O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar as temperaturas do ar em quatro sítios (locais) representativos da cidade de Uberaba (MG) buscando verificar se existem diferenças significativas em função do tipo de construção e de pavimentação no seu entorno. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura do ar da Estação Meteorológica do INMET, da estação meteorológica do Aeroporto de Uberaba e dados coletados por meio de termohigrômetros digitais no centro da cidade e no bairro Boa Vista. A coleta dos dados foi feita em todos os meses do ano de 2016, durante 10 dias interruptos (do dia 20 ao dia 29), nos três horários sinóticos (9h; 15h; 21h horário local). Inicialmente, os dados dos quatro sítios foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA) para verificar se houve variação significativa entre eles e, ao Teste de Tukey para identificação do (s) sítio (s) que variou (aram) em relação aos demais. Por interpretação visual de imagem do Google Maps, acessada pelo Sistema de Informação Geográfica QGIS, os tipos de revestimentos e cobertura vegetal urbana foram mapeados em um raio de 100 metros no entorno de cada sítio de coleta de dados. Os resultados da estatística (ANOVA e Tukey) revelaram que as temperaturas do centro da cidade e do bairro Boa Vista foram, significativamente, superiores aos dados de temperatura do Aeroporto e do INMET na maior parte dos meses do ano analisado. O processamento da imagem de satélite demonstrou que a maior parte da superfície no entorno dos sítios  central e do bairro Boa Vista são constituídos por áreas edificadas (altas e baixas) e com baixa densidade de vegetação quando comparadas aos outros dois sítios de coleta de dados (INMET e Aeroporto). Dessa forma, a partir dos resultados encontrados, foi possível concluir que o tipo de uso e de ocupação do solo urbano são os responsáveis pela ocorrência temperaturas mais elevadas na região central e no bairro Boa Vista, em relação as demais localidades analisadas na cidade de Uberaba (MG).
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ilha de Calor Urbano, ANOVA, Teste de Tukey, Testes estatísticos, Triângulo Mineiro.

This study describes the process of evaluating a commercially available copper–zinc alloy with the goal of creating an internal reference material. The intended use of this candidate reference material is to evaluate the percentage of alpha and beta phases to verify the accuracy in quantifying phase percentages according to the ASTM E562-11 ‘‘Standard Test Method for Determining VolumeFraction by Systematic Manual Point Count.’’ The candidate also will be useful to validate some commercial programs designed for the quantification of phases. The
characterized alloy had a commercial origin and was purchased in the domestic market. For the intended purposes, the alloy must have high chemical and microstructural homogeneity. Therefore, the evaluation of homogeneity was done by optical microscopy, scanning electron
microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction and by the method in ASTM E562-11, to finally determine the phase content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) provides a statistical t test of whether or not the means of several groups are equal, and therefore generalizes the test to more than two groups. ANOVAs are useful for comparing (testing) three or more means (groups or variables) for statistical significance. ANOVA was applied to evaluate the homogeneity of the alloy. This statistical tool is recommended in the ISO Guide 35:2006 to evaluate the variability among and within units. Precision was estimated under repeatability conditions. Precision obtained was of 5% and, according to the results of the ANOVA, it was found that the material is homogenous.

The vegetation walls using in the architecture has opened new design possibilities and created new challenges for the designers, with the aim to increase the energy efficiency of the structures. The purpose of this investigation is optimization of the fasade by covering of the existing architectural structure with vegetative modular elements, using factorial design. The analysis shows the impact of the side of the world or the outside temperature and the type of the model to the building internal temperature. This paper presents a plot contour and surface plot of considered parameters (external temperature and model type) to internal building temperature. This investigation with factorial design represents a key element in solving the dependence between comfort, external view and energy balance of a structure, since through the building envelope an interaction is going on between the external environment and the internal space.

Although electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the first established non-conventional machining processes, it still finds many applications in the modern industry, duetoitscapabilityofmachininganyelectricalconductivematerialincomplexgeometrieswithhigh dimensional accuracy. The current study presents an experimental investigation of ED machining aluminum alloy Al5052. A full-scale experimental work was carried out, with the pulse current and pulse-on time being the varying machining parameters. The polishing and etching of the perpendicular plane of the machined surfaces was followed by observations and measurements in optical microscope. The material removal rate (MRR), the surface roughness (SR), the average white layer thickness (AWLT), and the heat affected zone (HAZ) micro-hardness were calculated. Through znalysis of variance (ANOVA), conclusions were drawn about the influence of machining conditions ontheEDMperformances. Finally,semiempiricalcorrelationsofMRRandAWLTwiththemachining parameters were calculated and proposed

Hard coatings are well known to cutting the hard materials for quality and economy of production. Due to technology development, CNC machine tool is widely used by manufacturing engineers to turning the hard material and effectively set up manufacturing processes for increasing production. In this paper studies the performance TIN and TIALN coated carbide tools in machining of medium carbon steel alloy (AISI 1050) under the dry turning condition and also analyze the influence of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on surface roughness which is as a response variable. For study response variable efficiently, Taguchi parameter design method is used. The orthogonal array L’9, S/N ratio, and ANOVA are used to study the performance characteristics in turning operations of AISI 1050 medium carbon steel alloy using TIN and TIALN coated carbide tools. Find out the surface roughnesses of the work pieces were using Mitutoyo Surftest SJ- 210. Experimental runs under the ideal combination of controllable factor levels experimental runs were used and also to verify results confirmation runs were used. The results of analysis show that TIALN coating was much better than TIN.

Estudos mostram que o efeito da “ilha de calor urbana” ocorre quando, em decorrência modificações das características físicas das superfícies, resultante da substituição de áreas verdes por edificações e pavimentação, ocorre o aumento da temperatura do ar nas áreas centrais das cidades em relação as áreas mais afastadas do centro. O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar as temperaturas do ar em quatro sítios (locais) representativos da cidade de Uberaba (MG) buscando verificar se existem diferenças significativas em função do tipo de construção e de pavimentação no seu entorno. Foram utilizados dados de temperatura do ar da Estação Meteorológica do INMET, da estação meteorológica do Aeroporto de Uberaba e dados coletados por meio de termohigrômetros digitais no centro da cidade e no bairro Boa Vista. A coleta dos dados foi feita em todos os meses do ano de 2016, durante 10 dias interruptos (do dia 20 ao dia 29), nos três horários sinóticos (9h; 15h; 21h horário local). Inicialm...

Context: Jordan is looking for a cheap and locally affordable source for its cosmetics, fuel and medical applications. Jojoba offers one solution to such problems. It is considered as a good medicinal plant that can be used for several applications.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of parameters as mixing speed, temperature, feedstock grain size, mixture ratio and mixing time on the jojoba yield.

Methods: The mathematical model combining the effect of all the above variables was then used to find the optimum combination for maximum yield. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique was used for modeling and optimization. Based on the Pareto chart of parameters effect, the seed size was the most significant followed with temperature effect.

Results: It was found that the optimum values obtained for best yield were seed size of about 0.48 mm, the temperature of about 65°C and mixing time of 2.8 hours maximum yield of about 56% wt can be obtained.

Conclusions: A mathematical model was successfully built and tested for the Jojoba oil yield under different conditions. The optimum parameters that produced the highest yield were also found.

The present paper deals with experimental investigations carried out for machinability study of hardened steel and to obtain optimum process parameters by grey relational analysis. An orthogonal array, grey relations, grey relational coefficients and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to study the performance characteristics of machining process parameters such as cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and width of cut with consideration of multiple responses, i.e. volume of material removed, surface finish, tool wear and tool life. Tool wear patterns are measured using optical microscope and analysed using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction technique. Chipping and adhesion are main causes of wear. The optimum process parameters are calculated for rough machining and finish machining using grey theory and results are compared with ANOVA.

Context: Jordan is looking for a cheap and locally affordable source for its cosmetics, fuel and medical applications. Jojoba offers one solution to such problems. It is considered as a good medicinal plant that can be used for several applications. Aims: To evaluate the effect of parameters as mixing speed, temperature, feedstock grain size, mixture ratio and mixing time on the jojoba yield. Methods: The mathematical model combining the effect of all the above variables was then used to find the optimum combination for maximum yield. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique was used for modeling and optimization. Based on the Pareto chart of parameters effect, the seed size was the most significant followed with temperature effect. Results: It was found that the optimum values obtained for best yield were seed size of about 0.48 mm, the temperature of about 65°C and mixing time of 2.8 hours maximum yield of about 56% wt can be obtained. Conclusions: A mathematical model was suc...

The shape of the diaphysis of the equine third metacarpal bone (MC3) has a substantial influence on its mechanical properties. The connection between bone shape and bone adaptive responses is likely to be useful in forecasting the response of MC3 to a training program as well as predicting its internal loading. A variety of geometrical parameters including cortical area (A), width of dorsal cortex (D), palmar cortex (P), medial cortex (M), lateral cortex (L), medulla in dorsopalmar plane (Md), and medulla in lateromedial plane (M1) in three main cross sections (slices) within the diaphysis of 27 Thoroughbred horses aged from 12 hours to 15 years were measured using computer-aided-design and were analysed using t-tests and ANOVA test (performed in statistical MATLAB codes). Shape indices ([D/P] × [(D+P)/ Md]), H (D+Md +P), and V (M+ M1 +L) were also calculated. For all the samples, the values were plotted for a slice taken from around the mid-point of the shaft, and from two others t...

The shape of the diaphysis of the equine third metacarpal bone (MC3) has a substantial influence on its mechanical
properties. The connection between bone shape and bone adaptive responses is likely to be useful in forecasting the
response of MC3 to a training program as well as predicting its internal loading. A variety of geometrical parameters
including cortical area (A), width of dorsal cortex (D), palmar cortex (P), medial cortex (M), lateral cortex (L), medulla
in dorsopalmar plane (Md), and medulla in lateromedial plane (Ml) in three main cross sections (slices) within the
diaphysis of 27 Thoroughbred horses aged from 12 hours to 15 years were measured using computer-aided-design
and were analysed using t-tests and ANOVA test (performed in statistical MATLAB codes). Shape indices ([D/P]
× [(D+P)/ Md]), H (D+Md +P), and V (M+ Ml +L) were also calculated. For all the samples, the values were plotted
for a slice taken from around the mid-point of the shaft, and from two others taken at 3 cm proximally and distally
from the middle slice. Cortical area decreased from proximal to distal slices in the majority of the specimens,
except for all the foal samples where the area fluctuated and showed a converging-diverging shape. A similar trend
was observed for one of the adult horses. To investigate converging-diverging shape configuration, a two-degree
polynomial function was fitted to the plots of geometrical parameters and then the curvature (k) of these fitted
curves was quantified and compared to assess the significant changes. Previous research showed that 0.5 mm
differences in thickness of the midshaft dorsal cortex have a significant effect on local strain in vivo. Variations in
the geometrical parameters of the midshaft metacarpus have a dramatic impact on the internal loading of the MC3
and should be considered in designing equine training programs in attempts to predict and prevent bone damage.

In this paper, we propose a set of experiments for evaluating sensors’ precision in measuring received
signal strength indicator (RSSI) in wireless sensor networks (WSN). More specifically, a WSN application
is implemented for collecting RSSI measurements in different conditions. The application consists of two
parts: an experiment control script which runs on a computer, and an experiment sensor firmware which
runs on each WSN node. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to determine if the WSN
nodes used are manufactured with enough precision. Obtained results demonstrate that the differences
between the sensors are insignificant, even if the RSSI measurements have significant variation.