Tranport Planning

In this chapter, I analyse the issues and conflicts as perceived by cyclists in Copenhagen, Denmark, and compare them to those of cyclists in Stockholm, Sweden, based on my personal observations in 2010/2011 and two survey studies conducted in both cities in 2011. Quantitative studies are quite rare within the field of mobilities research, which is why this approach offers a new dimension for analysing cyclists’ experiences. The analysis presented here is set in the theoretical framework of “space wars” (see Bauman 1998; 1999) and takes a spatial perspective. Cycling is a mode of transport that has been recognised more and more in research, but cycling remains marginalised in urban areas. Through the spatial lens, my analysis offers an explanation for how these issues are connected to the interpretation of space produced through transport planning. The aim of this chapter is to analyse how cyclists perceive their situation in Stockholm and Copenhagen because, as mentioned above, such research has mainly been done in countries with less bicycle-friendly infrastructure. The connection to the theoretical work of Bauman (1998, 1999) will add a deeper understanding of how the bicycle networks in both cities affect the mobilities of the cyclists and will increase the value of the analysis of the conflicts that erupt between different forms of mobilities in two Scandinavian cities. How cyclists perceive their situations might also affect whether they choose to continue cycling and thus might affect the everyday mobilities in urban networks. Thus the knowledge gained in this study will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the velomobility of cyclists in networked urban infrastructures.

There are multiple reasons behind the traffic overcrowding in Cairo; government subsidies on diesel and petrol has led to a greater volume of private vehicles on city roads. There is also a chronic shortage of suitable parking spots, which causes cars to make poor reverses which caused further congestion and jamming. An alternative transportation solution is the Metro, however, it does not cover all the important locations of Cairo. The public transport system, otherwise known as public buses are too poor in number and outdated in design and technology. This has led to travelers preferring commute over a private taxi. Nevertheless, public bus systems require renovation for it to be really cost-efficient, cleaner and safer on the protocols it utilizes. Many streets of Cairo lack proper sidewalks which force pedestrian to move over the streets, which caused further congestion. Furthermore, any new road improvements are mired with poor budgetary leading to almost nonexistent volume of road safety signs, traffic lights, street lights and the construction of sidewalks. Most U-turns and corner turns in Cairo are too sharp, narrow or immediate which makes it more dangerous for drivers and pedestrians alike, as well as causing further congestion of traffic. More drivers in Cairo do not appear to be responsible individuals and react badly to all other commutes, which makes the situation far worse. This had led to most Drivers not respecting the traffic laws. This paper will focus on the intelligent transportation systems (ITS), a unique and non-conventional utility that has the potential to solve the traffic woes of Cairo through helping experts determine the best method for relieving mass traffic congestion. Modern fleet and traffic management frameworks, commuter information system as well as vehicle-focused systems can utilize the system in order to increase the performance, efficient, scope and safety of Cairo’s roads.

Abstract— this research investigates cost mitigation in outbound distribution system of the beverage industry.  The increasing cost of fuel and maintenances of trucks drives the requirement of cost optimization in outbound logistics. As a beverages manufacturing company, Coca Cola Beverages Sri Lanka has to be competitive by reducing its cost of distribution while maintaining the service level.
For the purpose of reduction of the distribution cost, an analysis is carried out using secondary data that is obtained from Sales reports and SAP system of the company. High demand fluctuations have been observed which directly influences to the cost of distribution. Although the company has sought to optimize their distribution operation, the basis of trucks allocation is not rational because the company focuses to deliver shipment, based only on distributor order without taking into consideration the average demand of a particular region. Thereby high number of small trucks travels to the distributors in a same region instead of consolidated shipments in a high capacity truck. So evaluating this scenario, a decision is taken to create a systematic approach for truck allocation by cost comparison of different capacity trucks depending on the mileage.
Hence to optimize the cost of outbound distribution, a mathematical model has been developed by using Integer Linear Programming using reliable sources to collect data. Software assistance is taken by Lingo 13 optimizer tool to solve this mathematical model.
In addition to the optimized mathematical model, the importance of using such a system in the distribution network has been stressed by presenting a cost reduction of approximately 18% compared to current scenario.

Urban delivery, especially the last-mile delivery, has become an increasingly important area in the global supply chain
along with the boom of e-commerce. Delivery companies and merchants can introduce some innovative solutions such
as the equipment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) to decrease their operating costs, environmental impact, and social
risks during the delivery process. This paper mainly develops a mathematical model to get the best allocation of AVs
among city logistics centers (CLCs) as a mixed delivery method. The advantage of the presented model stems from
considering the equipment cost, the delivery cost, and the CO2 emission, which is measured through social carbon cost
(SCC). In addition, this paper establishes a risk model considering the impact of seasonal variations to evaluate the
infection risk of delivery during pandemic periods for four potential delivery scenarios: customers going to CLCs,
ordering online and picking-up at CLCs, delivering by traditional vehicles (TVs), and delivering by the mixed method
with the optimal allocation of AVs. The research finds the optimal allocation for a London case, reveals the relationship
between the nominal service capacity (NCpa) of CLCs and the optimal number of CLCs equipped with AVs, concludes
that the more CLCs are equipped with AVs, the fewer CO2 emissions and the fewer citizens will be infected, and
provides some managerial insights that may help delivery companies and merchants make appropriate decisions about
the allocation of AVs.

A railway drainage system gives vital role for effective, efficient operation of rail track. This study worked on an assessment of railway drainage system problem along the Addis Ababa-Mieso railway line, specifically on Akaki rives crossing. It was done to check adequacy of hydraulic structure provided on Akaki River crossing by undertaking hydrologic and hydraulic analysis. Hydrologic modeling of the Akaki catchment area was developed by HEC-GeoHMS program with the help of Arc-GIS and hydrologic analysis was computed by HEC-HMS program. The catchment land use, soil type, rainfall data, Akaki river stream flow data, etc were used to develop hydrological model. SCS unit hydrograph and flood frequency analysis methods were used to estimate instantaneous peak design discharge for 50 and 100 year return period. Model input parameters were calibrated and verified with observed flow data of the river at Akaki gauging station. Hydraulic models were developed by HEC-RAS step-backwater to determine water-surface profiles for the bridge. Cross-sectional elevation data, hydraulic-structure geometries, roughness coefficients along with peak-discharge esti¬mated were used as input for the model. Finally, adequacy of the bridge was evaluated where the bridge was hydraulically efficient over its design period.

A railway drainage system gives vital role for effective, efficient operation of rail track. This study worked on an assessment of railway drainage system problem along the Addis Ababa- Mieso railway line, specifically on Akaki rives crossing. It was done to check adequacy of hydraulic structure provided on Akaki River crossing by undertaking hydrologic and hydraulic analysis. Hydrologic modeling of the Akaki catchment area was developed by HEC-GeoHMS program with the help of Arc-GIS and hydrologic analysis was computed by HEC-HMS program. The catchment land use, soil type, rainfall data, Akaki river stream flow data, etc were used to develop hydrological model. SCS unit hydrograph and flood frequency analysis methods were used to estimate instantaneous peak design discharge for 50 and 100 year return period. Model input parameters were calibrated and verified with observed flow data of the river at Akaki gauging station. Hydraulic models were developed by HEC-RAS step-backwater to ...

A mundialização do capital e a expansão dos meios de produção conduzem a um aumento progressivo da divisão do trabalho e das contradições sociais, diante de uma dialética intrínseca aos diferentes espaços geográficos. A acumulação de capitais no limiar do século XXI se baseia em processos de re-ordenamentos, como os de caráter técnico-científico-informacional e público-privado, resultando num desenvolvimento desigual entre os diferentes territórios, sendo que as ações, articulações e investimentos do capital privado são fatores que possibilitam a existência desses antagonismos. Assim, o Porto Intermodal de Pederneiras-SP, que integra o sistema de circulação e transportes da Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná, representa a utilização da intermodalidade visando não somente a otimização do transporte de mercadorias, mas também a integração de diferentes territórios.

The mundialization of capital and the growth of productive forces lead to a progressive increase of the work division and social antagonisms, in front of a dialectic common to different geographic spaces. The capital accumulation in the beginning of the 21st century is based on the reorganization of technical, scientific, informative and public private proceedings, resulting in an unequal development among the different territories. The actions, articulations and investments on private capital are factors that enable the existence of these contradictions. Thus, the Intermodal Harbor of Pederneiras-SP, which links the waterway Tietê-Paraná circulation and transportation systems, represents the use of the intermodality aiming not only the improvement on merchandises transportation, but also the integration of different territories.