Urban Flora

Bu çalışmada Ankara’nın çok hareketli ve yüksek derecede kentleşmenin sürdürüldüğü Mamak ilçesinde, plansız şehirleşme ve sanayileşmenin sonuçları ile sorunlara karşı tedbirler araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Mamak ilçesi dâhilinde bulunan kentsel habitat çeşitliliği belirlenmiş, bu habitatlarda yaşayan yerli ve yabancı bitki türlerinin bir envanteri çıkarılmıştır. İlçenin bitki tür envanteri çıkarılırken, öncelikle vejetasyon döneminde ilçede bulunan bütün park ve bahçe gibi yeşil alanlar gezilerek bitki örnekleri toplanmış, toplanan örnekler herbaryum tekniklerine uygun biçimde kurutulmuş ve teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Bunun dışında, literatürdeki ekoloji ve ekosistem tanımları, kent ve kent ekolojisi tanım ve kapsamları, kentsel planlama tanımları açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca ilçe ile ilgili olarak bölgenin ekolojik yapısı, iklimi, ekonomik yapısı, tarihsel gelişimi, nüfus, turizm ve sanayi potansiyeli, çevre sorunları vb. konular araştırılarak verileri ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmada Mamak ilçesinde toplam 223 tür ve tür altı takson tespit edilmiştir. Bunun 108’i doğal, 67’si plantasyon, 47’si egzotik ve 10’u kültivardır. Plantasyon ve kültivarların 9’u hem plantasyon hem de kültivardır. İlave olarak bu çalışma, özellikle Mamak bölgesi ve Ankara için kentsel ekoloji çalışmalarının önemini ortaya koymuş, öncelikle Ankara’da daha sonra da bütün kentlerde kentsel ekoloji çalışmalarının yaygınlaştırılmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamıştır.

In this research, the urban flora of Mamak district in Ankara was studied and the negative consequences of unplanned urbanization ignoring ecological conditions were analysed in the context of urban ecology. For inventorying the species, primarily, plant specimens were collected from green areas such as parks, gardens, etc. within the district in vegetation periods. Then, the specimens were preserved in GAZI Herbarium. In this study, totally 233 plant taxa were determined; 118 of them were indigenous and 115 taxa were exotic and cultivated. Besides, archaeophyte and neophyte, endemic, urbanophile-urbanoneutral-urbanophobe taxa, and hemeroby scale of the study area were mentioned. In addition, the precautions to be taken against the negative consequences of unplanned urbanization were also emphasized in this paper. Finally, the importance of urban ecological and floristic studies for Mamak district in Ankara were presented with this study.

Channels, rivers, roads and railways are important pathways for the introduction and spread of nonnative vascular plants and furthermore biological invasions in Germany and Central Europe. The typical regional situation of the adventive flora of the Ruhr Basin among these linear corridors will be introduced and described, with a focus on the outlining of the involved taxa, their floristic status and establishing tendencies.

Die Vegetation der Industriewälder auf Zollverein wird auf pflanzensoziologischer Basis dokumentiert und diskutiert. Grob lassen sich die Gehölzbestände in zwei Gruppen, die spontanen, birkendominierten sowie die ehemals mit Robinien begründeten Industriewälder gliedern. Innerhalb der Syntaxa erfolgt eine feinere Differenzierung. Die Industriewälder weisen einen enormen Gehölzartenreichtum auf, der z. T. auf Kulturflüchtlinge aus benachbarten Gärten und Parkanlagen zurückzuführen ist. Eine Prognose, in welche Richtung die Waldentwicklung gehen wird, ist zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht möglich.

Im "Projekt Industriewald Ruhrgebiet", welches im Jahre 1999 begann und aktuell von der Landesanstalt für Ökologie, Bodenordnung und Forsten (LÖBF) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Forstamt Recklinghausen betreut wird, werden auf sechs ausgewählten Daueruntersuchungsflächen (permanent plots) in jährlichem Turnus vegetationskundliche, bodenkundliche und bodenfaunistische sowie waldstrukturelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt

Channels, rivers, roads and railways are important pathways for the introduction and spread of nonnative vascular plants and furthermore biological invasions in Germany and Central Europe. The typical regional situation of the adventive flora of the Ruhr Basin among these linear corridors will be introduced and described, with a focus on the outlining of the involved taxa, their floristic status and establishing tendencies.

Between 2009 and 2012 flora and vegetation on the site of the former coal mine and coking plant “Hansa” in the city of Dortmund in the Ruhr Area (North Rhine-Westphalia) were investigated intensively. Further, historical and recent floristic literature about the site was evaluated. Evidence is provided on 482 taxa of vascular plants on the investigated site, including a number of endangered, rare, typical industrial and anecophytic taxa. Vegetation types on the brownfield site range from early pioneer states to young shrub and forest stands.

Im Rahmen des seit 1999 begonnenen Restflächenprojektes „Industriewald Ruhrgebiet" wird die Biodiversität sowie der Sukzessionsverlauf (hier unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung der Waldentwicklung) auf Bergbaufolgelandschaften im Ruhrgebiet untersucht (vgl. WEISS 2003). Auf den Flächen der drei ehemaligen
Zechen „Alma" und „Rheinelbe" in Gelsenkirchen-Ückendorf (MTB 4408 & MTB 4508) sowie „Zollverein" in Essen-Katemberg (MTB 4508) sollen durch ein langfristiges Phytomonitoring das Artenspektrum sowie durch die Beobachtung von Dauerquadraten Informationen über die floristisch-vegetationskundliche Dynamik dieser postindustriellen Flächen gewonnen werden. Vor allem der zeitliche Aspekt der Vegetationsentwicklung und die Beantwortung der Frage nach der möglichen Klimaxgesellschaft sollen im Vordergrund stehen (vgl. HAEUPLER et al. 2003). Im Nachfolgenden soll auf die floristischen Besonderheiten der letzten vier Untersuchungsjahre eingegangen werden.