VIP

Leaf Area Index (LAI) is an important variable that governs canopy processes and can be monitored by satellites. The current study aims at exploring the potential and limitations of using the red-edge spectral bands of the forthcoming superspectral satellites, namely—Vegetation and Environmental New micro Spacecraft (VENμS) and Sentinel-2, for assessing LAI in field crops. The research was conducted in experimental plots of wheat and potato in the northwestern Negev, Israel. Continuous spectral data were collected by a field spectrometer and LAI data were obtained by a ceptometer. The spectral data were resampled to the superspectral VENμS and Sentinel-2 resolutions. The data were divided into seven datasets (four seasons, two crops, and one including all data). The LAI prediction abilities by Partial Least Squares (PLS) models for continuous spectra and the resampled spectra were compared and evaluated. For wheat and potato of the continuous, VENμS, and Sentinel-2 data formations, the PLS correlation coefficients (r) values were 0.93, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. In most cases, the red-edge region was found to be the most important spectral region for the three data formations, according to the Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) analysis. Additionally, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Red-Edge Inflection Point (REIP) were computed for the three data formations in order to observe relation to as well as prediction accuracy in retrieving LAI values. The prediction abilities of the calculated indices by the data formations were compared, peaking for wheat, with r values of 0.91 for the REIP for the three data formations. Therefore, it is concluded that VENμS and Sentinel-2 can spectrally assess LAI as good as a hyperspectral sensor. The REIP was found to be a significantly better predictor than NDVI for wheat data and therefore can potentially be implemented for future LAI monitoring applications by superspectral sensors that contain four red-edge bands.► Superspectral band settings can predict LAI as good as continuous spectra. ► REIP can predict LAI for relatively high biomass and fractional cover crops. ► On ground level, REIP is a better LAI predictor for wheat than for potato.

Cross-sections of the vas deferens taken from control adult male rats showed positive histochemical reactivity to acetylcholinesterase and immunoreactivity for antibodies to protein gene product 9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, nitric oxide synthase and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Immunoreactivity to substance P was very sparse. Histochemical reactivity to acetylcholinesterase and immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide

Complex mixture exposures, such as those associated with water sources, are an important issue in health risk assessment. This study assessed the cytotoxicity of chemical mixtures extracted from water sources in regions of the Huai River Basin with high cancer incidences and built statistical models of cytotoxicity based on pollution profiles that were measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both surface and ground waters were collected from rural water sources of Shenqiu County, Henan Province of China from 2008 to 2011 and extracted with XAD-2 resigns. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells and compared against the pollution profiles of the extracts. IC50 of water samples ranged from 0.023 to 0.338L-eq/mL. The pollutants in waters determined by GC-MS are complex and some of the compounds that contributed to cytotoxicity lack toxicity data. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model of cytotoxicity was built based on linear a...

Providing security for the most important people in a country constitutes the
basic task of the services responsible for maintaining law and order. In the 2nd
Polish Republic the services protecting VIPs were formed relatively late; initially the most important people in the country and the government buildings
were protected by military sentries. After the police formations were unified,
the task became one of the many of their responsibilities. Only after the assassination
of president Narutowicz in 1922 did the authorities form a special group
of police officers protecting highest government officials. The legal basis for
their functioning was outlined in detailed instructions issued by the interior minister.
Special brigades protecting civilian and military dignitaries were formed,
procedures of their service and the regulations of their training were formulated.
The services were generally effective in performing their tasks unless a protected
VIP made their job difficult.

Urbanization and faster speed of our life have let us live a happy and smooth life but with accordance to the advancement there adds a discomfort to the city life. A city is considered developed when it have all the possibility to develop but as far as city's now a day's face many of development problems due to which the city's development is incomplete. The urban population in India has increased significantly from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to grow to around 560 million by the year 2021. It would be touching 37% of the total population in next 15 years. India's urban population has growth rate of nearly 41% in last decade. This directly means providing additional shelters for around 65 million households, as well as places to shop, work besides number of administrative and entertainment complexes. We are focusing on sustainability in the realization the human rights to slum and its dwellers, the report examines how the rights of slum...

Urbanization and faster speed of our life have let us live a happy and smooth life but with accordance to the advancement there adds a discomfort to the city life. A city is considered developed when it have all the possibility to develop but as far as city's now a day's face many of development problems due to which the city's development is incomplete. The urban population in India has increased significantly from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to grow to around 560 million by the year 2021. It would be touching 37% of the total population in next 15 years. India's urban population has growth rate of nearly 41% in last decade. This directly means providing additional shelters for around 65 million households, as well as places to shop, work besides number of administrative and entertainment complexes. We are focusing on sustainability in the realization the human rights to slum and its dwellers, the report examines how the rights of slum...

Urbanization and faster speed of our life have let us live a happy and smooth life but with accordance to the advancement there adds a discomfort to the city life. A city is considered developed when it have all the possibility to develop but as far as city's now a day's face many of development problems due to which the city's development is incomplete. The urban population in India has increased significantly from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to grow to around 560 million by the year 2021. It would be touching 37% of the total population in next 15 years. India's urban population has growth rate of nearly 41% in last decade. This directly means providing additional shelters for around 65 million households, as well as places to shop, work besides number of administrative and entertainment complexes. We are focusing on sustainability in the realization the human rights to slum and its dwellers, the report examines how the rights of slum can and must be met for present and future generations. Using the human rights framework, the report analyses states' common approaches to its water and sanitation, particularly in adopting measures both during times of normalcy and during economic and financial crises, and shows how those approaches often fail to incorporate sustainability. In this paper we tried to reach the stack holders and users to get the problems according to them rather than studying it or classifying it as a whole. The purpose reach from the classification of their problems and providing sustainable temporary solution to them such that the time till they are living there they should live not suffer their living. As a part of the conclusion to the paper we have declared the feasible sustainable solution to the problems they face. We also have enlisted points that slum users want to convey to the government. The design of the various sustainable solutions to the base problems is also given.

This article explores the sporting superstardom and cultural celebrity of the Victorian English cricketer Dr. W.G. Grace, who played first-class cricket from 1865-1908. The great attention capital and significant masculine social status associated with his fame were deployed by him and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) to side line the then dominant professional cricket teams and ensure that the aristocratic amateur-led MCC controlled the game from the early 1870s. It focuses on the social and cultural organisation of fame and a close analysis of Grace's recognition to explore how Grace's three-decade (1865-1895) superstardom and celebrity allied to a resurgence in his cricket form made Grace the masculine robust hero of 1895 to Oscar Wilde's scandalous villain. It explores how that comparison played out as a public drama involving other celebrities. Wilde was reported as systematically removed from masculine social status and Grace approvingly confirmed in its secure em...