Varnish

The coating process is an important phase in the paper production process. Smoother printing substrates with improved appearances are formed by coating and better adhesion of the printing inks is enabled as well. Paper is a porous material in which liquids (moisture, fat) and gasses (water vapor, oxygen, flavor etc.) penetrate well. To protect the graphic products from different outdoor factors, it is necessary to apply the protective layer on paper. It is mainly made by wax impregnation and by laminating different materials in layers (PE polyethylene, aluminum foil, or melted polymer) [1]. In recent time one of the methods for applying the impregnated layers has been the UV InkJet printing technology. In this technology the liquid is directly applied on the printing substrate and it is cured by LED UV light. In this way of printing, the printing inks are applied, but the transparent UV dried varnishes can be also applied in this printing technique. In this way a new surface of chan...

Zoran Mušič (1909-2005), eden najpomembnejših evropskih slikarjev 20. stoletja, je obvladoval vse slikarske in risarske tehnike ter širok izbor grafičnih tehnik. Vsako tehniko je mojstrsko obvladal, jo popolnoma podredil svojemu ustvarjalnemu hotenju in pri tem uporabljal tradicionalno znanje na inovativen način. Glede na potrebe posameznega motiva je spreminjal lastnosti posameznih elementov, predvsem pa njihovo funkcijo.

This article is the second in the series dealing with water-based materials and methods in the cleaning of paintings (see Kermes 21, 1994, The use of enzymes in the conservation and the restoration of paintings). In this issue the use of surfactants in general and in specific, the use of resin soaps for removal of natural resin varnishes is discussed. The general characteristics, properties and working properties of surfactants is presented. A brief grounding in the concepts of surface tension, wetting and detergent capabilities is provided. The use of resin soaps in their short historical context is traced as well as a brief commentary on most recent controversies on the use of resin soaps. Preparation and use of resin soaps in the conservation laboratory is discussed.

Tevvy Ball, Managing Editor Sylvia Tidwell, Copy Editor Anita Keys, Production Coordinator Hespenheide Design, Designer Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 © 1999 by the J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved. Illustration credits: Figures 3.8, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 5.16, 5.24, ...

The application of varnishes on the surface of metal objects has been a very common practice since antiquity, both for protective and aesthetic purposes. One specific case concerns the use of tinted varnishes on copper alloys in order to mimic gilding. This practice, especially flourishing in the 19th century for scientific instruments, decorative objects, and liturgical items, results in large museum collections of varnished copper alloys that need to be preserved. One of the main challenges for conservators and restorers deals with the identification of the varnishes through non-invasive and affordable analytical techniques. We hereby present the experimental methodology developed in the framework of the LacCA and VERILOR projects at the Haute École ARC of Neuchâtel for the identification of gold varnishes on brass. After extensive documentary research and analytical campaigns on varnished museum objects, various historic shellac-based varnishes were created and applied by differe...

The extensive use of petroleum product has caused a number of environmental pollution. The printing industry is one of our nation’s largest producers of hazardous waste and volatile organic compound. One of the major alternatives is to use vegetable oil based products as biorenewable raw materials. Hence, the formulation of palm olein based varnish has been discussed in the present study. Palm olein from palm oil was prepared first, and their physical properties were determined. Varnishes were prepared with the palm olein and four different types of resin (F-2136, F-210, F-2110 and F-2118). Rheological properties, yield value, heptanes tolerance of the varnish were determined. From this study, it was found that palm olein with the F-210 resin is promising as the alternative varnish materials for the production of offset printing ink.

... Author: Stoner, Joyce Hill Title Article/Chapter: "Collaborations with living artists: the Wyeths (aka the Pennsylvania Bruegels)" Title of ... de l'artiste; Vernis Subject Date: 1900AD-2000AD Subject Material: Stearic acid; Palmitic acid Subject Person: Wyeth, Andrew; Wyeth, Jamie ...

In this work a series of egg tempera paint and varnish systems have been prepared, artificially aged and irradiated with KrF excimer laser at a wavelength of 248 nm. The samples were prepared with pure pigments and selected mixtures. It was found that, for some pigments, the colour changed upon laser irradiation even at low energy densities, below the ablation threshold while for other inorganic pigmented egg temperas the degree of discoloration is very small at moderate fluence of ∼0.30 J cm?2. The varnish systems did not present signs of discoloration. The thickness, superficial roughness and magnitude of the colour changes of the samples were measured. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and UV/visible spectroscopy were used in order to investigate the changes induced by the KrF excimer laser radiation.