Vascular Occlusion

Repeated sprint training is usually performed in team sports, but its combination with blood flow restriction has a lake datum existing on the intense response to this type of training. This study aims to determine the acute effect of repeated sprint training in combination with blood flow restriction on the strength, anaerobic and aerobic performance in basketball. Twenty-four basketball players participated in current study were divided into two groups. They performed twelve on-court sessions; each consists of 3 sets of 8 repetitions of 20-sec and 4-min rests. Strength (1-RM bench press and half-squat), anaerobic, aerobic measurements were tested before the beginning of the study and two days followed by the training intervention period. The results presented a small increase in upper maximum strength (bench press) and anaerobic (Suicide Run) variables (ES 0.2 to 0.5) in (RST-BFR) group. In addition, there is a large increase in lower body maximum strength (half-squat) and aerobic capacity (VO 2max) variables. In comparison, the control group reported a small increase only in the aerobic capacity (VO 2max) (ES = 0.26), otherwise trivial effect size was observed in other variables. The t-test reported a significant difference between both groups (p < 0.05) after the (RST) with blood flow restriction on the lower body maximum strength (half-squat) and the aerobic capacity (VO 2max) measured variables.

Vascular occlusion training has been proved to be safe and effective training in achieving muscular strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vascular occlusion training for upper limbs on strength and hypertrophy in comparison with traditional resistance training. Six healthy men, 20-35 years old (body weight: 85.2±11.2 kg; height: 1.75±0.04 m) were randomly assigned to either a group that performed resistance training with vascular occlusion (OG) and a group that performed resistance training without vascular occlusion (NOG). The study period lasted 5 weeks with participants performing 2 workouts a week comprised of 3 sets of 15 repetitions (NOG: 70% to 80% of 1RM; OG: 30% load of 1RM) of 2 different exercises (elbow flexion and elbow extension) per session. Testing was performed pre-test and post-test for muscle strength (1RM elbow flexion and elbow extension), and muscle circumference of the elbow flexors, and elbow extensors by an anthropometric tape. Maximal strength was greater for both triceps (d= 0.6) and biceps (d= 1.7) exercises for NOG compared to OG. Muscle circumferences were greater for OG compared to NOG in both triceps and biceps exercises as well. This study provides evidence that the traditional resistance training using higher intensity (higher loads), requiring more neuromuscular control, generating greater overload and total work to the involved muscles.

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of 8 weeks resistance training with
and without vascular occlusion on physical fitness indexes, growth hormone, and Insulin-like Growth
Factor 1 (IGF-1) in male judokas.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 male judokas were divided into two groups: 1.
Traditional resistance training along with judo training without blood vascular occlusion (n=10);
and 2. Resistance training group along with judo training with blood vascular occlusion (n=10).
Resistance training schedule included 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes for
8 weeks. The comparison of means within and between groups was done by paired sample t test and
ANCOVA test, respectively. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS V. 20. Results were
significant at P≤0.05.
Results: Results showed that cardio respiratory endurance, anaerobic power, speed, agility, muscular
endurance and power, changed significantly in both resistance groups with and without vascular
occlusion. Growth hormone and insulin-like factor growth changed significantly. Concerning
intergroup means changes in variables of cardio respiratory endurance (P=0.03), anaerobic ability
(P=0.02), speed (P=0.03), agility (P=0.03), muscular endurance (P=0.007), power (P=0.01), growth
hormone (P=0.01) and insulin-like growth factor(P=0.03), there was a significant change between two
groups of resistance training with vascular occlusion and without vascular occlusion.
Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training with and without vascular occlusion, improved motorphysical
fitness indexes and increased growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in male judokas.

Sickle-cell disease is among the commonest severe monogenic global disorders. At the centre of sickle cell disease physiopathology is the polymerisation haemoglobin, resulting in erythrocytes become rigid and vascular occlusion. It has been hypothesized that the Duffy glycoprotein (Fy) on erythrocytes may enhance clearance of inflammatory cytokines. This may have an impact on the initiation and development of vascular occlusion in Sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the Duffy genotype is in any way linked with the severity of clinical disease in Sickle cell disease patients. Those who were hospitalized >4 times in the previous year because of Vaso-occlusive crisis were classified as having a severe phenotype. Duffy genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then Sty1 restriction endonuclease enzyme analysis. A total of 193 participants (133 cases and 60 controls) were recruited for the study. Vaso-occlusive crises were absent in more than half (58.5%) of the cases. Vaso-occlusive crisis per year occurred three times and four times at 5.2% and 1.65%, respectively. The number of vascular occlusions per year was highest in the 18-28 years and 29-39 years age groups. All the participants were genotyped as homozygotes for Duffy null genotype (FY*B-33/FY*B-33) and categorised as Fy(a-b-). No associations between Duffy genotype and number of VOCs per year was obtained. All the samples analysed were genotyped as Duffy negative homozygous [Fy(a-b-)]. No association between Duffy genotype and number of was vascular occlusion found.

Vascular occlusion training has been proved to be safe and effective training in achieving muscular strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vascular occlusion training for upper limbs on strength and hypertrophy in comparison with traditional resistance training. Six healthy men, 20-35 years old (body weight: 85.2±11.2 kg; height: 1.75±0.04 m) were randomly assigned to either a group that performed resistance training with vascular occlusion (OG) and a group that performed resistance training without vascular occlusion (NOG). The study period lasted 5 weeks with participants performing 2 workouts a week comprised of 3 sets of 15 repetitions (NOG: 70% to 80% of 1RM; OG: 30% load of 1RM) of 2 different exercises (elbow flexion and elbow extension) per session. Testing was performed pre-test and post-test for muscle strength (1RM elbow flexion and elbow extension), and muscle circumference of the elbow flexors, and elbow extensors by an anthropometric tape. Maximal strength was greater for both triceps (d= 0.6) and biceps (d= 1.7) exercises for NOG compared to OG. Muscle circumferences were greater for OG compared to NOG in both triceps and biceps exercises as well. This study provides evidence that the traditional resistance training using higher intensity (higher loads), requiring more neuromuscular control, generating greater overload and total work to the involved muscles.