Women Enterpreneurs

This study has as a central objective comprehend if low income entrepreneur women implement branding strategies in their business. Besides tracing their profiles, the research expects to understand from what source do they learn about branding; how do they identify their target audience and how they can add value to their brands. Therefore, there have been three semi structured interviews with Brazilian entrepreneurs from Rio das Ostras (RJ), Arroio do Meio (RS) and São Paulo (SP); and a netnography, conducted to understand their Instagram presence as brands. It has been revealed that these women have learned about branding through online courses, books, mentorships and by analyzing business competitors and benchmarks. The results have corroborated the fact that low income entrepreneur women do implement branding strategy on their business in order to create, deliver and communicate their brand value.
Keywords:
Branding 1.; Women 2.; Low Income 3.; Entrepreneurship 4.; Instagram 5.

As we can see that lack of proper training, skill development and education create the biggest hurdle in the path of women entrepreneurs. This hurdle can be removed through the proper Women Entrepreneurship Programmes (WEP). Since women are contributing one of the biggest device for the 'valuable growth' of any country and they should be treated as equal participative component to the economy without making any economic, social, political, and gender - based discrimination. So, the central objective is to put together a significant involvement of women towards the area of entrepreneurship training programmes along with skill development programmes. The main focus should be to keep informed other working women about the entrepreneurship programmes started by some institutions. These institutes should impart women entrepreneur programmes with proper training and the technicalities of the work and later check whether these programmes have an effective result for women to set up their own ventures because sometimes they leave the venture in between. With the help of the potential of these institutions, we also make better the future of women entrepreneurs. The results of the study help us to underline the impact of these programmes, hatching further young women entrepreneurs. Business knowledge and skill that they have acquired, promotes the new business skill and assist to the existing women entrepreneurs and encourages other women entrepreneurs also. This paper focuses on National Skill Networks and Different Schemes and National Skill Training Centre for Women in Mohali (Punjab) and study the influence of training and skill development programmes on women entrepreneurs and many suggestions and proposals are made further to highlights recent forthcoming entrepreneurship training program proposers.

Citation:
Καμπερίδου, Ειρήνη. (2017). Το Ανεκμετάλλευτο Κοινωνικό Κεφάλαιο του Αθλητισμού: Η Γυναίκα Αθλήτρια. Πρακτικά του 4ου Συνεδρίου Αθλητικής Επιστήμης «Η Φυσική Αγωγή και ο Αθλητισμός στο Σύγχρονο Κόσμο: Παιδεία - Κοινωνία – Πολιτισμός». ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗΣ ΦΥΣΙΚΗΣ ΑΓΩΓΗΣ & ΑΘΛΗΤΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΘΝΙΚΟΥ & ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΚΟΥ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟΥ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ. Copy at http://www.tinyurl.com/k69yg56

ABSTRACT - ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ
Οι έρευνες της έμφυλης διάστασης του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου, μολονότι περιορισμένες, δείχνουν  ότι οι γυναίκες παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη και αναπαραγωγή του, αναλαμβάνοντας κυρίως εθελοντικές δράσεις κοινωνικής προσφοράς και δράσεις κοινωνικής επιχειρηματικότητας που συντελούν καταλυτικά στην κοινωνική και οικονομική ευημερία. Επιπρόσθετα τα αποτελέσματα μεγάλου αριθμού ποιοτικών ερευνών, οι οποίες επικεντρώνουν το ενδιαφέρον τους στις αλληλεπιδράσεις μεταξύ  φύλου, αθλητισμού και επιχειρηματικότητας, δείχνουν μια θετική συσχέτιση μεταξύ των παραμέτρων αθλητική εμπειρία και επιτυχημένη ηγεσία. Η διερευνητική αυτή προσπάθεια  προσεγγίζει τον αθλητισμό στις προοπτικές της θεώρησης περί κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου. Βασιζόμενη σε μια ενδελεχή ανασκόπηση της διεθνούς σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας, και στα αποτελέσματα ποιοτικής έρευνας (8 ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις) που διενεργήθηκε το 2016-2017, στοχεύει να εξηγήσει το ζήτημα της υποεκπροσώπησης των γυναικών όσον αφορά στις θέσεις διοικητικής ευθύνης στους αθλητικούς θεσμούς και κυρίως να αναδείξει τα εμπόδια που λειτουργούν καταλυτικά για την εμφάνιση αυτής της υποεκπροσώπησης.  Επικεντρώνει το ενδιαφέρον της στη γυναικεία συμμετοχή, που κατά κανόνα παραμένει μια  ανεκμετάλλευτη πηγή κοινωνικής ενέργειας και η οποία υπό συνθήκες μπορεί να διευκολύνει ποικίλες διαδικασίες κοινωνικής ενσωμάτωσης.  Επίσης διερευνά πιθανούς συσχετισμούς μεταξύ αθλητικής εμπειρίας και επιχειρηματικής δραστηριότητας. Υποκείμενα της έρευνας ήταν οκτώ εν ενεργεία και πρώην Ελληνίδες αθλήτριες, πρωταθλήτριες, ολυμπιονίκες και ακτιβίστριες—που έχουν διαπρέψει στην αθλητική ηγεσία και στο αθλητικό επιχειρείν. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι ο αθλητισμός προάγει δεξιότητες που είναι σημαντικές για την επιχειρηματικότητα και την ανάληψη δραστηριοτήτων διοικητικής μέριμνας και ευθύνης.  Ωστόσο οι γυναίκες που ενεργοποιούνται στο χώρο του αθλητισμού και επιδιώκουν να αναρριχηθούν σε θέσεις διοικητικής ευθύνης ή να ασκήσουν επιχειρηματικότητα στον χώρο αυτό, έχουν να υπερβούν πολλά εμπόδια. Μεταξύ άλλων επισημαίνονται: (1) οι προκαταλήψεις και τα στερεότυπα που ακόμα είναι κυρίαρχα και προκύπτουν από τις ανδροκεντρικές καταβολές του αθλητισμού, (2) η έλλειψη γυναικών μεντόρων, (3) η  έλλειψη γυναικών προτύπων, (4) οι άνισες ευκαιρίες εξέλιξης στην αθλητική ηγεσία σε σύγκριση με τους άνδρες, (5) η  έλλειψη ισορροπίας μεταξύ επαγγελματικής και ιδιωτικής/οικογενειακής ζωής. Απάντηση σε αυτή την υποεκπροσώπηση αποτελούν προγράμματα που προωθούν, προβάλλουν, και δημιουργούν γυναίκες μέντορες και κοινωνικά πρότυπα όπως εκείνο της Ελληνικής Ολυμπιακής Επιτροπής (ΕΟΕ) και του Συλλόγου Ελλήνων Ολυμπιονικών (ΣΕΟ) «Κάνουμε Χώρο για περισσότερες γυναίκες στην Αθλητική Συμμετοχή, την Προπονητική  Καθοδήγηση, και ειδικά τη Διοικητική Στελέχωση».

Λέξεις κλειδιά: κοινωνική ενσωμάτωση, φύλο, αθλητισμός, ηγεσία, επιχειρηματικότητα, «έμφυλη κόπωση» (gender fatigue), «σπατάλη ταλέντου» (wastage of talent),  «καμπύλη  ηλιθιότητας» (Stupid Curve), εξισορρόπηση επαγγελματικής και ιδιωτικής ζωής

Women entrepreneurship is one of the most important topics of discussion now days in the economy. Entrepreneurship has always been dominated by males. Whenever a women starts thinking of setting up her own venture, she is discouraged first of all by her husband, if she is married or by her parents if she is single. Family members always try to find a comfortable job for female member such a HR executive, teacher, back office clerk etc.

This paper is Empirical in nature and discusses the various problems faced by women entrepreneurs in India. The study also focuses upon the various factors which can be managed by women if she is supported from any of the key members in the family. The study has a sample size of 100 female entrepreneurs with a response rate of 87%.

This research paper looks to find out the problems and issues faced by women entrepreneurs in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. Women are developing themselves and are an important part of the economy despite the lack of attention given to them in this part of the world. Apart from gaining an insight to the issues these entrepreneurial women have to face, the objectives also include researching into the problems they have in generating the finances and understanding the social reasons which force them to work. Gender specific issues are also to be discussed in this report. To fulfil the objectives a thorough primary research was carried out where a questionnaire (sample attached) was developed with exact questions reflecting the research purpose. The sample size was then further divided into literate and illiterate women entrepreneurs for the precision of the results. The results have shown that both literate and illiterate women entrepreneurs have problems all the way up from starting their business to keep running it successfully. However the literate women are slightly better off than the illiterate women as they have a greater exposure to this world due to their family backgrounds and education which helps them compete effectively and with courage. The literate women tend to open up their own business with a pursuit of happiness which automatically makes them more motivated to work whereas the illiterate women mostly end up working and opening their business to fulfil their basic necessities in life. The culture in this part of the world hasn’t seen a woman working in the past, thus making it difficult for them working in the 21st century. This mentality is however changing with time as women grow in different sectors of the economy with expertise and making it clear that they are here to work and stay.

This paper justifies the potentiality of the women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. For this purpose, Sylhet is taken as a study area which can be the prospective sectors for the women entrepreneurs. Huge amount of foreign remittance comes here from abroad that can be utilized in this sector successfully, and the mindset of people are not so fundamental. All of these issues are supporting to work in this region. Besides these, studying in this sector it is found that the women entrepreneurs of this region are more industrious, self-confident, dynamic, ambitious, adaptable and possess risk taking capacity and last but not the least are creative and innovative. It is obviously profitable sector which is clear after analyzing the data. Attempts also have been made here to find out the characteristics and the contributions of the women entrepreneurs to prove themselves not only as the emerging tigers but also as the economically empowered, solvent, respected and above all a contributor in t...

In the epoch of modern globalization, knowledge economy has become a prolific approach in the 21st century because of its self-sustaining capability to survive in the coming global economic battle and its growing importance as one of the key sources of growth in the global economy where organizations and people acquire, create, disseminate and use knowledge more efficiently for the greater aspect of economic and social development as well. It has a unique role to restructuring at the latest stage of development considering its core philosophy towards the sustainable global economic challenge. Here, the core idea of the knowledge driven economy is not merely a demonstration of high tech industries; it means something more than of its traditional concept, a set of new sources of competitive advantage which can easily be applied to all sectors, all companies and all regions at the same time to establishing its feasibility in an effective manner.
“Knowledge Economy”, the phrase was popularized by Peter Drucker as the title of Chapter 12 in his book “The Age of Discontinuity”. But, the initial foundation for the knowledge economy was introduced in 1966 in the book “The Effective Executive” by Peter Drucker. In this book, Drucker described the subtle difference between the manual worker and the knowledge worker. According to him, the manual worker works with his or her hands and produces goods or services. In contrast, a knowledge worker works with his or her head, not hands, and produces ideas, knowledge and information.
Peter Drucker also emphasizes that knowledge economy is a relative concept; a vague definition of knowledge which creates the key problem in the formalization and modeling of knowledge. Because, it is not proper to consider information society as interchangeable with knowledge society; information is usually not equivalent to knowledge as their use depends on individual and group preferences which are "economy-dependent". Here, due to the recent triumph of ICT, all traditional economic patterns have been changed now; a new concept of knowledge economy has been introduced which is playing a pregnant role to meet up the today’s challenge of globalizing and to keep the world beyond our imagination.

This paper explains and focuses on the women entrepreneurs as the potentially emerging workforce in the present scenario. The main aim of this paper is to find out the status of women in the entrepreneurial world and also tells about the contribution of some of the recognized faces in the development of the economies. Women in today's scenario is not confined to the four walls of their home only rather they are emerging as an educated, innovatory and knowledgeable part of the population inholding the ability to transform economies into competitive world of enterprises. She has competed with man and efficaciously stood up with him in every walk of life and business is no exception for this. This paper also includes how women have helped in poverty reduction. On the basis of this observation, few recommendations as the concluding part are also provided to promote their spirit and to further help them to become a successful entrepreneur.

Abstract: In this paper, online jewellery store Bluestone.com had secured $5mn funding from Accel Partners and Meena
Ganesh, CEO& MD of Pearson Education Services in June 2013. Crowd sourcing a.k.a. crowd funding has been the key
word in business communities predominantly today especially in technological innovations. Both-crowd sourcing and crowd
funding meet the cost benefits analysis of any CFO- in all sense. Crowd sourcing is a way of innovation at no cost by people
who are not employees but work for the company and Crowd funding-an avenue for low cost capital. Volume meets the value
concept explained. Crowd sourcing as a phenomenon is an old concept but widely gaining popularity today. Wikipedia in its
current form today owes its success to millions of online contributors for has worked for a common good. Today it is a
popular tool for students, journalist world over thanks to this phenomenon. Crowd sourcing has been distinguished as an
effective means of open innovation for collecting creative ideas from people who have various degrees of expertise and
diversity in knowledge. There are several more benefits expected from the use of crowd sourcing. Crowd sourcing is an
effective marketing activity in itself because it is a method of communicating with customers and making customers feel
valued(Yoo, Lee, & Choi, 2013). This paper examines and investigates the idea of crowd sourcing as a resource that an
organization uses for not only its research and development activities but also for funding, as labour force, a no-cost
resource that the organization is not investing upon in any way but reaping benefits from an investment in a non-investment
resource. The organization is effectively is reaping on Maslow’s theory benefits and at the same time also a means for
marketing communication.
General Terms - Marketing communication, funding, research and development.
Keywords- Keywords Crowd-sourcing; Crowd-funding; Cost benefits; Customers-interaction,; Human Resource
Relations; Knowledge Capturing; Innovations; Marketing Communication

The study focused on examining factors that influence governance of women entrepreneurship groups in Babati District, Tanzania. The study covered Babati District Council in Manyara Region which consists of 17 wards. The study employed stratified sampling technique to select a sample of 15 out of 34 women entrepreneurship groups and 5 respondents from each group were involved in the study. The study also employed purposive sampling technique to select 3 respondents who were women entrepreneurship group leaders (Chairperson, Treasurer and Secretary), while through convenient sampling the study collected data from 2 other members from each group; which formed a sample size of 75 respondents. To achieve the desired results, self-administered questionnaires was used to collect data.According to the study results, 53.4% of the respondents disagreed that their groups had access to Tanzania Women Bank. In order to analyse the influence of government policy in enhancing governance of women e...

Abstract: In this paper, online jewellery store Bluestone.com had secured $5mn funding from Accel Partners and Meena Ganesh, CEO& MD of Pearson Education Services in June 2013. Crowd sourcing a.k.a. crowd funding has been the key word in business communities predominantly today especially in technological innovations. Both-crowd sourcing and crowd funding meet the cost benefits analysis of any CFO- in all sense. Crowd sourcing is a way of innovation at no cost by people who are not employees but work for the company and Crowd funding-an avenue for low cost capital. Volume meets the value concept explained. Crowd sourcing as a phenomenon is an old concept but widely gaining popularity today. Wikipedia in its current form today owes its success to millions of online contributors for has worked for a common good. Today it is a popular tool for students, journalist world over thanks to this phenomenon. Crowd sourcing has been distinguished as an effective means of open innovation for collecting creative ideas from people who have various degrees of expertise and diversity in knowledge. There are several more benefits expected from the use of crowd sourcing. Crowd sourcing is an effective marketing activity in itself because it is a method of communicating with customers and making customers feel valued(Yoo, Lee, & Choi, 2013). This paper examines and investigates the idea of crowd sourcing as a resource that an organization uses for not only its research and development activities but also for funding, as labour force, a no-cost resource that the organization is not investing upon in any way but reaping benefits from an investment in a non-investment resource. The organization is effectively is reaping on Maslow’s theory benefits and at the same time also a means for marketing communication. General Terms - Marketing communication, funding, research and development. Keywords- Keywords Crowd-sourcing; Crowd-funding; Cost benefits; Customers-interaction,; Human Resource Relations; Knowledge Capturing; Innovations; Marketing Communication