The hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the first relics of prehistoric flint mining on the Kamienna River in the province of Świętokrzyskie, including one of the greatest monuments of the prehistory of Europe – the Neolithic... more
The hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the first relics of prehistoric flint mining on the Kamienna River in the province of Świętokrzyskie, including one of the greatest monuments of the prehistory of Europe – the Neolithic striped flint mines in Krzemionki. Operating in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, the mining region includes 14 flint mining sites and several hundred f lint processing sites and mining-related settlements. Its exceptional value results from the post-mining landscape, which is still visible today, shaped before 5–4 millennia, the intact architecture of the underground, preserved traces of mining infrastructure (flint processing workshops, various forms of securing workings), and even clear manifestations of spiritual culture in the form of rock drawings. Almost a century of scientific research and activities aimed at preserving this exceptionally valuable archaeological heritage have led to the recognition of its value by the international community and the award of World Heritage status in 2019. The crowning achievement of the comprehensive protection of monuments of prehistoric mining together with their settlement, natural and landscape context is the organization of the Cultural Park of Prehistoric Flint Mining on the Kamienna river. Unfortunately, the implementation of these plans may be impeded by the plans to locate an open pit limestone mine in the immediate vicinity of world heritage sites.
This work aims to establish a parallel between the urban built landscape of São Luís historic center in Maranhão and the natural environment in which it was inserted. It will seek to analyze the landscape's natural system, the cultural... more
This work aims to establish a parallel between the urban built landscape of São Luís historic center in Maranhão and the natural environment in which it was inserted. It will seek to analyze the landscape's natural system, the cultural heritage built and the interaction between those elements. During the study, the topography will be emphasized as one of the elements responsible for São Luís historical Center urban network formation and further development and also for the configuration of its architecture which formed new typologies such as the Sobrados. It is also discussed the infrastructure works relevance that sought to overcome the natural terrain constraints, essential for the functioning of a city whose economy was based on port trade. As a consequence of the city growth, the natural factors imposed the creation of solutions that would support the historical urban fabric expansion such as the bridges over the Anil River and the landfill and the dam over Bacanga River, elements that were once limiting the urban configuration of the city of São Luís.
