Artur Jedynak
Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat "Krzemionki", Archaeology, Department Member
- Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Environmental Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Flint Mining, Flint Knapping, and 49 moreNeolithic, Eneolithic, Early Bronze Age, Globular Amphora Culture, TRB culture, Cucuteni-Tripolye culture, Romanian Archaeology, Balkan prehistory, Central European Archaeology, Lithic Raw Material Sourcing, Raw materials, Popularisation of Archaeology, Black Sea Region Archaeology, History of Transylvania, Mierzanowice Culture, Serbian Archaeology, Neolithic of the Balkans, Złota Culture, Eneolithic in Central Europe, Late Stone Age, Funnel Beaker, Neolithic Europe, Prehistoric Figurines, Anthropomorphic Figurines, Lengyel Culture, Museum Education, Museums and Exhibition Design, Archaeology of Mining, Early Neolithic, Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin, Linear Pottery Culture, Starčevo-Criş culture, Vinca culture, Chalcolithic Archaeology, Eneolithic, Industrial Archaeology, Neolithic flint procurement, Archaeology of salt, Archaeological Heritage Management, Malice Culture, Michelsberg Culture, Linear Pottery Culture, Bükk Culture (Tisza Region, Slovakia), Prehistoric salt production, Prehistoric polished stone tools, Cultural Heritage Management, Roman Dacia, UNESCO world heritage, Heritage Conservation, Cultural Heritage Conservation, Mining archaeology, and Archeology of Roman miningedit
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Najstarsze dzieje regionu Ostrowca Świętokrzyskiego zaprezentowane przez pryzmat dwóch najważniejszych surowców wydobywanych i przetwarzanych na tym terenie w ciągu ostatnich siedmiu tysiącleci.
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The Historical and Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, since takeover to administer the „Krzemionki” prehistoric striped flint mines in 1978 along with creating its branch there (Krzemionki Archaeological Museum and Reserve)... more
The Historical and Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, since takeover to administer the „Krzemionki” prehistoric striped flint mines in 1978 along with creating its branch there (Krzemionki Archaeological Museum and Reserve) has been actively engaging in the process of protection and research as well as popularization of the knowledge about this site. As of 2000, when the Archaeology Department was created, the accomplishment of the objectives became possible based on own professional personnel. As early as in 2001, archaeological
works in the area of Great Chambers in Krzemionki were conducted, and between 2003–2004 next, wide-scale research was completed. It preceded the construction of the uniform, underground tourist route. It became a driving force for further development of the Museum. Throughout the next period, the archaeological research led by the institution embraced also other monuments of prehistoric striped flint mining, like „Borownia” along with inherent settlements
(2017). These were, among others, the settlement of the Globular Amphora Culture in Krzczonowice (2006–2011) or a multicultural site in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski-Częstocice (since 2009). The findings of the research were presented during a number of scientific conferences in Poland and abroad, along with numerous publications issued; among others the second monograph in the history of Krzemionki devoted to the site (2015). Research works went hand in hand with conservation operations. Apart from wide-scale projects (safety-oriented to the tourists and protection-oriented to the rock mass), the team of the Museum with the participation of specialists (miners), conducted permanent monitoring as well as conservation of prehistoric excavations and exploitation field’s surface. An important stage of the museum’s development was constituted by the moment of building its new premises in 2012. Owing to newly-created exhibition halls, labs and reception-administration base, new capabilities were opened so as to run the activities of museal, scientific as well as educational character. In the discussed period, the Museum organized or co-organized several exhibitions, 8 scientific conferences, 8 editions of the archaeological festival titled „The Krzemionki Meetings with the Stone Age”, and over 20 thousand children and youngsters took part in educational classes. Preparation of the application (commonly completed with the National Heritage Institute in Warsaw and independent experts) to inscribe the Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region on the World Heritage List serves as a symbolic summary of twenty-year time of the Museum’s activity for understanding, protection and popularization of prehistoric flint mining. Krzemionki and three neighbouring, outstanding archaeological sites connected with extracting the flint material, appeared
on the list in 2019.
works in the area of Great Chambers in Krzemionki were conducted, and between 2003–2004 next, wide-scale research was completed. It preceded the construction of the uniform, underground tourist route. It became a driving force for further development of the Museum. Throughout the next period, the archaeological research led by the institution embraced also other monuments of prehistoric striped flint mining, like „Borownia” along with inherent settlements
(2017). These were, among others, the settlement of the Globular Amphora Culture in Krzczonowice (2006–2011) or a multicultural site in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski-Częstocice (since 2009). The findings of the research were presented during a number of scientific conferences in Poland and abroad, along with numerous publications issued; among others the second monograph in the history of Krzemionki devoted to the site (2015). Research works went hand in hand with conservation operations. Apart from wide-scale projects (safety-oriented to the tourists and protection-oriented to the rock mass), the team of the Museum with the participation of specialists (miners), conducted permanent monitoring as well as conservation of prehistoric excavations and exploitation field’s surface. An important stage of the museum’s development was constituted by the moment of building its new premises in 2012. Owing to newly-created exhibition halls, labs and reception-administration base, new capabilities were opened so as to run the activities of museal, scientific as well as educational character. In the discussed period, the Museum organized or co-organized several exhibitions, 8 scientific conferences, 8 editions of the archaeological festival titled „The Krzemionki Meetings with the Stone Age”, and over 20 thousand children and youngsters took part in educational classes. Preparation of the application (commonly completed with the National Heritage Institute in Warsaw and independent experts) to inscribe the Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region on the World Heritage List serves as a symbolic summary of twenty-year time of the Museum’s activity for understanding, protection and popularization of prehistoric flint mining. Krzemionki and three neighbouring, outstanding archaeological sites connected with extracting the flint material, appeared
on the list in 2019.
Research Interests:
Osada ludności kultury amfor kulistych na stan. 63 w Krzczonowicach, pow. ostrowiecki. Z badań nad zapleczem osadniczym pradziejowych kopalń krzemienia pasiastego/A settlement of the Globular Amphora culture people at site 63 in Krzczonowice, Ostrowiec county. From studies of the settlement base...more
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Research Interests: Cultural Landscape Management, Study of Cultural Landscapes. Applied Archaeology. Theory of Heritage Management. Archaeological Impact Management. Environmental Assessment. Archaeological Heritage and Cooperation. Critical Theory. Study about Sustainable Development., Protection of Archaeological Heritage, Unesco World Heritage Site, and UNESCO world heritage
Non-invasive research has been undertaken in the southern arm of the archaeological area of the Krzemionki exploitation field, which is one of the least excavated of its regions. Geophysical prospection covered an area of 3.5 ha, and in... more
Non-invasive research has been undertaken in the southern arm of the archaeological area of the Krzemionki exploitation field, which is one of the least excavated of its regions. Geophysical prospection covered an area of 3.5 ha, and in addition, an area of more than 5 ha was examined by surface collection. The image of the underground structures was obtained thanks to a comprehensive comparison of the results of magnetic, earth resistance and GPR measurements, as well as the distribution of archaeological finds on the ground surface. The study was supplemented with data obtained from the analysis of archival aerial photos and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) derivatives. On the basis of these complementary data, it was possible to create a general image of the distribution of archaeological sources in the study area. When trying to determine the potential range of the exploitation field, the most legible results were obtained from earth resistance survey and magnetic gradiometry methods. In the most fully explored fragment of the area, anomalies suggesting the presence of prehistoric mining facilities are located in a strip 40-60 m wide, running in the NW-SE direction. Surface studies showed the presence of anthropogenic limestone debris in a zone of similar width (50-75 m) and the direction of its course, while the spread of flint and erratic stone finds turned out to be even greater (a belt 70-90 m wide). Geophysical surveys indicate the possibility of the existence of flint workshops and settlement facilities around the mining field. This can be confirmed in future by further systematic studies of its surroundings.
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The hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the first relics of prehistoric flint mining on the Kamienna River in the province of Świętokrzyskie, including one of the greatest monuments of the prehistory of Europe – the Neolithic... more
The hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the first relics of prehistoric flint mining on the Kamienna River in the province of Świętokrzyskie, including one of the greatest monuments of the prehistory of Europe – the Neolithic striped flint mines in Krzemionki. Operating in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, the mining region includes 14 flint mining sites and several hundred f lint processing sites and mining-related settlements. Its exceptional value results from the post-mining landscape, which is still visible today, shaped before 5–4 millennia, the intact architecture of the underground, preserved traces of mining infrastructure (flint processing workshops, various forms of securing workings), and even clear manifestations of spiritual culture in the form of rock drawings. Almost a century of scientific research and activities aimed at preserving this exceptionally valuable archaeological heritage have led to the recognition of its value by the international community and the award of World
Heritage status in 2019. The crowning achievement of the comprehensive protection of monuments of prehistoric mining together with their settlement, natural and landscape context is the organization of the Cultural Park of Prehistoric Flint Mining on the Kamienna river. Unfortunately, the implementation of these plans may be impeded by the plans to locate an open pit limestone mine in the immediate vicinity of world heritage sites.
Heritage status in 2019. The crowning achievement of the comprehensive protection of monuments of prehistoric mining together with their settlement, natural and landscape context is the organization of the Cultural Park of Prehistoric Flint Mining on the Kamienna river. Unfortunately, the implementation of these plans may be impeded by the plans to locate an open pit limestone mine in the immediate vicinity of world heritage sites.
Research Interests:
"Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region" is a complex of archaeological sites situated in South-East Poland upon Kamienna river, in the northern part of świętokrzyskie province. The monuments refer both to extracting flint raw... more
"Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region" is a complex of archaeological sites situated in South-East Poland upon Kamienna river, in the northern part of świętokrzyskie province. The monuments refer both to extracting flint raw material as well as its processing, but also to mining settlement. The group making up the region consists of several prehistoric exploitation fields along with a few hundred settlement sites, dated back to the period between the mid-fourth millennium BC and the mid-second millennium BC. Primeval mine objects
of the region are mostly characterized by an established cultural post-mining landscape in the form of mine output heaps and post-mineshaft hollows. What is more, they are also characterized by preserved underground excavations, which serve as an example of the most advanced mining technique of the Younger Stone Age. In the subject region we know both mines bored in opencast system (open-pit and niche-gallery ones) as well as deep mines (tunnel, pillar-chamber and chamber ones), the biggest of which are as deep as 9 metres with the surface of excavation of over 500 m2. In excavations greatly preserved transportation tunnels, miners’ working stands, pillars supporting the roof, mining tools made of crystal stones, antlers or flints are being discovered. What is more, the discoveries include even remains of wooden constructions playing their role in keeping safety and well-organized underground work. The most interesting finds include cave paintings made with the use of charcoal coming from charcoal torches. The paintings prove rich spiritual culture of contemporary miners. These unique subterranean spaces, best examined on the „Krzemionki Opatowskie” field, have been gradually protected and opened to the public since 1960s. Today tourists can explore over 460 metres long underground route presenting several Stone Age mines of different types along with the geology of striped flint deposit as well as another 1300 metres of on surface exhibition path, where post-mining landscape plus natural values of protected area („Krzemionki Opatowskie” Reserve and Natura 2000 „Krzemionki” site) can be admired. A supplementation to the route is a primeval settlement reonstructed in the proximity of mines. It presents not only Neolithic and early Bronze Age human buildings, but also their everyday life reconstructed during outdoor events and archaeological workshops. In 2012 a new Archaeological Museum with exhibition dedicated to the history of flint use, educational and conference rooms, labs, offices, storage rooms for museum collections as well as tourist information centre.
Mining infrastructure with flint workshops, tracks of buildings covering the pits, encampments and mining paths as well as numerous settlements scattered in Kamienna River basin among them, accompany Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region, which creates unique in the world mining area whose inhabitants earned their living for almost 2000 years extracting, dressing as well as distributing striped flint. In the subject area three prehistoric flint exploitation sites distinct from others with their size and state of preservation. These are „Borownia” and „Korycizna” exploitation sites and the „Krzemionki Opatowskie” complex of mines - including about 78,5 ha and 4000 mineshafts world’s biggest object extracting this material in the Stone Age and in early stage of the Bronze Age. Equally remarkable is a Neolithic population settlement situated on a fortified hill of „Gawroniec” in Ćmielów, where archaeological research unveiled outbuilding objects and flint processing sites, in addition to traces of residence. These four monuments, as the most representative for the whole region, became fundamental for taking effort to prepare the motion for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In 2016, Krzemionki mines were put on the so called tentative list as an official Polish candidate for inscription. Between 2016 and 2018 Historical-Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, in cooperation with the National Heritage Board of Poland in Warsaw prepared a nomination motion which was accepted in the UNESCO World Heritage Centre in Paris in January 2018. Works over its assessment are being proceeded currently along with preparation of the recommendation for the World Heritage Committee.
of the region are mostly characterized by an established cultural post-mining landscape in the form of mine output heaps and post-mineshaft hollows. What is more, they are also characterized by preserved underground excavations, which serve as an example of the most advanced mining technique of the Younger Stone Age. In the subject region we know both mines bored in opencast system (open-pit and niche-gallery ones) as well as deep mines (tunnel, pillar-chamber and chamber ones), the biggest of which are as deep as 9 metres with the surface of excavation of over 500 m2. In excavations greatly preserved transportation tunnels, miners’ working stands, pillars supporting the roof, mining tools made of crystal stones, antlers or flints are being discovered. What is more, the discoveries include even remains of wooden constructions playing their role in keeping safety and well-organized underground work. The most interesting finds include cave paintings made with the use of charcoal coming from charcoal torches. The paintings prove rich spiritual culture of contemporary miners. These unique subterranean spaces, best examined on the „Krzemionki Opatowskie” field, have been gradually protected and opened to the public since 1960s. Today tourists can explore over 460 metres long underground route presenting several Stone Age mines of different types along with the geology of striped flint deposit as well as another 1300 metres of on surface exhibition path, where post-mining landscape plus natural values of protected area („Krzemionki Opatowskie” Reserve and Natura 2000 „Krzemionki” site) can be admired. A supplementation to the route is a primeval settlement reonstructed in the proximity of mines. It presents not only Neolithic and early Bronze Age human buildings, but also their everyday life reconstructed during outdoor events and archaeological workshops. In 2012 a new Archaeological Museum with exhibition dedicated to the history of flint use, educational and conference rooms, labs, offices, storage rooms for museum collections as well as tourist information centre.
Mining infrastructure with flint workshops, tracks of buildings covering the pits, encampments and mining paths as well as numerous settlements scattered in Kamienna River basin among them, accompany Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region, which creates unique in the world mining area whose inhabitants earned their living for almost 2000 years extracting, dressing as well as distributing striped flint. In the subject area three prehistoric flint exploitation sites distinct from others with their size and state of preservation. These are „Borownia” and „Korycizna” exploitation sites and the „Krzemionki Opatowskie” complex of mines - including about 78,5 ha and 4000 mineshafts world’s biggest object extracting this material in the Stone Age and in early stage of the Bronze Age. Equally remarkable is a Neolithic population settlement situated on a fortified hill of „Gawroniec” in Ćmielów, where archaeological research unveiled outbuilding objects and flint processing sites, in addition to traces of residence. These four monuments, as the most representative for the whole region, became fundamental for taking effort to prepare the motion for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In 2016, Krzemionki mines were put on the so called tentative list as an official Polish candidate for inscription. Between 2016 and 2018 Historical-Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, in cooperation with the National Heritage Board of Poland in Warsaw prepared a nomination motion which was accepted in the UNESCO World Heritage Centre in Paris in January 2018. Works over its assessment are being proceeded currently along with preparation of the recommendation for the World Heritage Committee.
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For a long time, the Eneolithic attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments was contested by a wide academic audience, and therefore, this new and extraordinary category of the copper metalwork seemed to have fallen into... more
For a long time, the Eneolithic attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments was contested by a wide academic audience, and therefore, this new and extraordinary category of the copper metalwork seemed to have fallen into scientific oblivion. In this paper, we contribute to the debate about cultural attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments considering their chemical and isotope characteristics (using ED XRF and MC-ICP-MS) and the manufacturing technology (OM, X-ray, CT). Noticeably, this study represents the first documented implementation of the lead isotope analysis (LIA) for the Eneolithic metalwork from Poland. The new scientific analyses give ground to the hypothesis that the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments were produced by the Baden culture metalworker(s) who practiced somewhere in the Carpathian Basin and who have used copper ore mined in the Slovak Ore Mountains (Špania Dolina-Banská Bystrica-Kremnica mine complex). These ornaments were redistributed towards the northern ecumene of the Baden culture complex. The new owners, the Funnel Beaker (TRB) culture communities from the region of modern Poland, deposited the ornaments in hoards (Kałdus, Przeuszyn and Rudki) during the mid-4th millennium BC. The results, furthermore, indicate that the so-called Baden spiral metalwork package must be now complemented by the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments. Remarkably, this package also found an echo in pottery decoration, as documented by a narrative scene incised on an amphora from Kałdus, which could be also interpreted as one of the earliest known proofs for the wagon transport in Europe, alongside the famous ones reported from Bronocice or Flintbek.
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Oleśnica is a town dating back 700 years. The oldest record of its parish is found in 1326. The story of the foundation and construction of the first brick church is quite unclear. The well-preserved erection plaque says it was built in... more
Oleśnica is a town dating back 700 years. The oldest record of its parish is found in 1326. The story of the foundation and construction of the first brick church is quite unclear. The well-preserved erection plaque says it was built in 1406 and indicates that it was dedicated to St. Florian. It does not, however, appear in later sources. In 1421 Zbigniew Oleśnicki (later bishop and cardinal) receives permission to found the monastery of the Canons Regular of the Lantern and the church dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. These intensions were fulfilled in 30s and 40s of 15th century and the temple survived almost unchanged until the end of 19th century despite a few fires and wars it went through. From 1888 to 1896 the church was entirely reconstructed and its shape changed.
No image of the church before its reconstruction has survived. There exist only a short description of the church made by Rev. Matulski in 1838 for the diocesan curia in Kielce as well as a fragment of a plan from 1901 made by an engineer S. Szpakowski. The discovery made during the renovation of the church in 2009 has cast a new light on the issue. Thanks to the renovation works carried out under archaeological supervision, it was possible to document older fundamental walls. The non-invasive research of presbytery carried out in 2011 brought further information.
On this basis and using some historical sources and analogies in 15th century sacred architecture of Lesser Poland (Małopolska) an attempt was made to graphically reconstruct the gothic building. The brick, medieval church in Oleśnica consisted of a rectangular nave and a narrower, three-bay presbytery closed from three sides. Both parts of the temple were covered with a steep, gabled roof. In the northern part of the presbytery there was a small sacristy. The nave corpus had three spans with vaults whereas the presbytery had two. Some architectural details were made of white limestone.
No image of the church before its reconstruction has survived. There exist only a short description of the church made by Rev. Matulski in 1838 for the diocesan curia in Kielce as well as a fragment of a plan from 1901 made by an engineer S. Szpakowski. The discovery made during the renovation of the church in 2009 has cast a new light on the issue. Thanks to the renovation works carried out under archaeological supervision, it was possible to document older fundamental walls. The non-invasive research of presbytery carried out in 2011 brought further information.
On this basis and using some historical sources and analogies in 15th century sacred architecture of Lesser Poland (Małopolska) an attempt was made to graphically reconstruct the gothic building. The brick, medieval church in Oleśnica consisted of a rectangular nave and a narrower, three-bay presbytery closed from three sides. Both parts of the temple were covered with a steep, gabled roof. In the northern part of the presbytery there was a small sacristy. The nave corpus had three spans with vaults whereas the presbytery had two. Some architectural details were made of white limestone.
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Geophysical surveys, conducted in 2010–2011 at the site 63 in Krzczonowice, aimed for recognition of its range and internal structure, and by means of verifying excavations, the aforementioned research intended to verify the suitability... more
Geophysical surveys, conducted in 2010–2011 at the site 63 in Krzczonowice, aimed for recognition of its range and internal structure, and by means of verifying excavations, the aforementioned research intended to verify the suitability of magnetic and electrical resistivity method at the loess site with a large variety of features. The geophysical studies were undertaken within an area of 3.5 hectares, while the excavations were carried out at about 1 are. The range of the site was specified within the study area as well as over 200 archaeological features (possibly various functions) were identified. The excavations confirmed the presence of a large residential building in the place suggested in the course of geophysical surveys.
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Geophysial surveys conducted in or der to map tunnels and vertical shafts at the Neolithic chert mining field Krzemionki used a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to test hypotheses regarding orientation, depth and subsurface com plexity of... more
Geophysial surveys conducted in or der to map tunnels and vertical shafts at the Neolithic chert mining field Krzemionki used a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to test hypotheses regarding orientation, depth and subsurface com plexity of these voids.
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Informacje o stanowisku "Krzemionki" zamieszczone w przewodniku 50. Sympozjum Speleologicznego
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Research Interests:
In the period between the last phase of the Old Stone Age and the Bronze Age, which is almost ten thousand years, to the north of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains there existed a mining area unlike any other in Europe. Between Orońsko and the... more
In the period between the last phase of the Old Stone Age and the Bronze Age, which is almost ten thousand years, to the north of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains there existed a mining area unlike any other in Europe. Between Orońsko and the Vistula valley near Annopol, more than 35 exploitation fields have been discovered so far. Four kinds of flint were excavated here from Jurassic and cretaceous limestone rocks: chocolate, striped, Ożarów type, and Świeciechów type. The material was exploited by an open-cast as well as abyssal method.
In the centre of this region, at the Kamienna river, mines being the greatest achievement of the Neolithic mining technique in Europe are located. In the largest complex of Neolithic flint mines called "Krzemionki" excavation pits, which remained almost unchanged, were discovered. Some of them are 9 metres deep and their underground chambers and corridors cover more than 500 square metres. On the surface of the exploitation fields of "Krzemionki", "Borownia", and "Korycizna", remains of mining shafts such as heaps and hollows survived until present. It creates a unique occasion to have a look at the spaces and landscapes shaped by a man in the Stone Age.
The prehistoric flint mines make an exceptional object when compared to other archaeological sites known in Poland. Due to their unique character (industrial objects) and rare occurrence they represent an outstanding scientific value. Examining flint mining and flint material distribution makes it possible to get familiar with the economy of primeval communities as well as their social organization, and even the religious sphere. In some cases, archaeological research at prehistoric mining sites allow to discover places and spaces whose appearance has not changed for more than 5000 years! Such opportunity cannot be given by any other archaeological site. The primeval flint mines are also the subject of research in other fields of science such as geology, geophysics, paleoclimatology, paleobiology. Hence, their meaning in studying the past of the region and the whole Europe is enormous.
Unfortunately, the last years have brought about serious damages of the historical substance of the mines. It is mostly connected with illegal and predatory exploitation of striped flint for the needs of jewelers and souvenir industry. It happens so due to the rising popularity of this type of flint which is promoted as a unique souvenir from the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and the Sandomierz Land.
Being in this exceptionally unfavorable situation, the remains of Neolithic flint mines are also exposed to other dangers just like other archeological sites. The menaces mostly include infrastructure investments, illegal constructions, forest works, land cultivation, pollution, car traffic around the mining area. The major part of the flint mines is under legal protection as it is listed in the monuments register. In case of "Krzemionki" it also has a status of an "Object of Cultural Heritage in Poland" and a nature reserve. The remaining exploitation fields are also registered in the record of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship Conservator of Monuments.
Nevertheless, despite constant monitoring of conservatory services and archaeologists it was not possible to avoid the most serious damages which have taken place since the mass excavation of limestone in the first half of the 20th century.
The objects which had the best preserved post-exploitation form and shape – "Krzemionki", "Borownia", "Korycizna" - suffered the most. Hence, the aim of the article is to propose a plan of conservatory protection common for all types of archaeological objects in the area of the lower Kamienna river. The first and the most basic activity which needs to be done is the liquidation of the most dangerous destructive factor which is the illegal flint exploitation. It requires signing the historical area and introducing constant monitoring in cooperation with forestry services and police. The other activities include making full conservatory documentation and archaeological research with the use of a wide range of non-destructive methods available nowadays.
This will make it possible to estimate the condition of all objects and to gain necessary knowledge concerning their chronology and the application of exploitation methods. The data will then allow to take further legal steps in order to improve their protection and most importantly:
• to prepare and make records in the register of monuments or their renewal
• to take into account protection of primeval mining objects in the area development plan and local programs of monuments protection
• to create a cultural park of primeval mining which will enable integrated control over all archaeological objects
At the same time, apart from initiating cooperation with those groups which take advantage of using flint, educational and promotional actions should be taken in order to make the local communities interested in the issue of the primeval mining. It might be essential to convince the locals that the presence of such unique archaeological monuments can positively influence their development and integration.
In the centre of this region, at the Kamienna river, mines being the greatest achievement of the Neolithic mining technique in Europe are located. In the largest complex of Neolithic flint mines called "Krzemionki" excavation pits, which remained almost unchanged, were discovered. Some of them are 9 metres deep and their underground chambers and corridors cover more than 500 square metres. On the surface of the exploitation fields of "Krzemionki", "Borownia", and "Korycizna", remains of mining shafts such as heaps and hollows survived until present. It creates a unique occasion to have a look at the spaces and landscapes shaped by a man in the Stone Age.
The prehistoric flint mines make an exceptional object when compared to other archaeological sites known in Poland. Due to their unique character (industrial objects) and rare occurrence they represent an outstanding scientific value. Examining flint mining and flint material distribution makes it possible to get familiar with the economy of primeval communities as well as their social organization, and even the religious sphere. In some cases, archaeological research at prehistoric mining sites allow to discover places and spaces whose appearance has not changed for more than 5000 years! Such opportunity cannot be given by any other archaeological site. The primeval flint mines are also the subject of research in other fields of science such as geology, geophysics, paleoclimatology, paleobiology. Hence, their meaning in studying the past of the region and the whole Europe is enormous.
Unfortunately, the last years have brought about serious damages of the historical substance of the mines. It is mostly connected with illegal and predatory exploitation of striped flint for the needs of jewelers and souvenir industry. It happens so due to the rising popularity of this type of flint which is promoted as a unique souvenir from the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and the Sandomierz Land.
Being in this exceptionally unfavorable situation, the remains of Neolithic flint mines are also exposed to other dangers just like other archeological sites. The menaces mostly include infrastructure investments, illegal constructions, forest works, land cultivation, pollution, car traffic around the mining area. The major part of the flint mines is under legal protection as it is listed in the monuments register. In case of "Krzemionki" it also has a status of an "Object of Cultural Heritage in Poland" and a nature reserve. The remaining exploitation fields are also registered in the record of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship Conservator of Monuments.
Nevertheless, despite constant monitoring of conservatory services and archaeologists it was not possible to avoid the most serious damages which have taken place since the mass excavation of limestone in the first half of the 20th century.
The objects which had the best preserved post-exploitation form and shape – "Krzemionki", "Borownia", "Korycizna" - suffered the most. Hence, the aim of the article is to propose a plan of conservatory protection common for all types of archaeological objects in the area of the lower Kamienna river. The first and the most basic activity which needs to be done is the liquidation of the most dangerous destructive factor which is the illegal flint exploitation. It requires signing the historical area and introducing constant monitoring in cooperation with forestry services and police. The other activities include making full conservatory documentation and archaeological research with the use of a wide range of non-destructive methods available nowadays.
This will make it possible to estimate the condition of all objects and to gain necessary knowledge concerning their chronology and the application of exploitation methods. The data will then allow to take further legal steps in order to improve their protection and most importantly:
• to prepare and make records in the register of monuments or their renewal
• to take into account protection of primeval mining objects in the area development plan and local programs of monuments protection
• to create a cultural park of primeval mining which will enable integrated control over all archaeological objects
At the same time, apart from initiating cooperation with those groups which take advantage of using flint, educational and promotional actions should be taken in order to make the local communities interested in the issue of the primeval mining. It might be essential to convince the locals that the presence of such unique archaeological monuments can positively influence their development and integration.
Research Interests:
The shells of a Cepaea vindobonensis (Fér.) snail, found during archaeological excavations at site 63 in Krzczonowice, are the subject of the present study. The site is located in the northern part of the Sandomierz Upland, south-eastern... more
The shells of a Cepaea vindobonensis (Fér.) snail, found during archaeological excavations at site 63 in Krzczonowice, are the subject of the present study. The site is located in the northern part of the Sandomierz Upland, south-eastern Poland. Shells of this type have been recorded in a small number of settlement features, which belong to the Globular Amphorae Culture. They unambiguously determine the character of the habitats around the site at the end of the Neolithic period. In the New Stone Age, the loess hill was deforested and then a xeromethric grassland Festuco-Brometea grew, where animals were pastured. Pasturing is an important factor in preventing the natural succession of shrubs. After pasturing ceased to be cultivated, the character of the habitat changed into a shrubby one. Thermophilous shrub clusters of Eastern Poland ,which enjoyed dry forest floor conditions, (Tilio-Carpinetum melittetosu) was later settled by the Bradybaena fruticum (Müll.) species. The xerophilous C. vindobonensis did not receive the proper conditions it needed so it withdrew from the area, this is confirmed by the lack of its remains within the settlement features from the early Iron Age and the Roman period.
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Rola rekonstrukcji w promocji dziedzictwa archeologicznego na przykładzie pradziejowej osady w Krzemionkach koło Ostrowca Świętokrzyskiego / The role of reconstruction in the promotion of archaeological heritage. The prehistoric settlement at Krzemionki near Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. A case studymore
The group of prehistoric banded flint mines at Krzemionki near Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (Poland) is one of the most exciting archaeological sites in Europe. It is also e torist sight, and recieves tens of thousend of visitor every year.... more
The group of prehistoric banded flint mines at Krzemionki near Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (Poland) is one of the most exciting archaeological sites in Europe. It is also e torist sight, and recieves tens of thousend of visitor every year.
In the 1990s, as number of tourists visiting krzemionki increased and more and more information was becoming available thanks to research, a prehistoric settlement was reconstructed here to present the evryday life of local people five to four years ago. We are now implementing an extension scheme for the settlement, adding new dwellings and outhouses, a ditch and the Neolithic road. The precinct showing religious beliefs and e Late Stone Age burial wil also be redeveloped, and there will be a burial ground with two megalithic tombs.
The main aim of the reconstructed settlement at Krzemionki will be to promote and disseminate information on issues associated with archaeology. after the redevelopment the site will undoubtedly attract even more visitors, who will experience a hands-on approach to lerning about prehistory, by taking part in archaeology workshops and attending special museum classes. The new reconstruction is eźpected to become a sailent component of the tourist programme offered by the Krzemionki reserve."
In the 1990s, as number of tourists visiting krzemionki increased and more and more information was becoming available thanks to research, a prehistoric settlement was reconstructed here to present the evryday life of local people five to four years ago. We are now implementing an extension scheme for the settlement, adding new dwellings and outhouses, a ditch and the Neolithic road. The precinct showing religious beliefs and e Late Stone Age burial wil also be redeveloped, and there will be a burial ground with two megalithic tombs.
The main aim of the reconstructed settlement at Krzemionki will be to promote and disseminate information on issues associated with archaeology. after the redevelopment the site will undoubtedly attract even more visitors, who will experience a hands-on approach to lerning about prehistory, by taking part in archaeology workshops and attending special museum classes. The new reconstruction is eźpected to become a sailent component of the tourist programme offered by the Krzemionki reserve."
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W roku 2016 prace wykopaliskowe na stanowisku zostały podjęte w związku z budową nowego przyłącza kanalizacyjnego. Badania objęły swym zasięgiem 125 m 2 w dwóch wykopach usytuowanych na linii wykonywanej instalacji. W wykopie I/2016 pod... more
W roku 2016 prace wykopaliskowe na stanowisku zostały podjęte w związku z budową nowego przyłącza kanalizacyjnego. Badania objęły swym zasięgiem 125 m 2 w dwóch wykopach usytuowanych na linii wykonywanej instalacji. W wykopie I/2016 pod warstwą humusową zarejestrowano warstwę kulturową sięgającą głębokości 60-80 cm od powierzchni, a pod nią 12 obiektów archeologicznych o zróżnicowanej chronologii i stratygrafii. Warstwa kulturowa zawierała głównie zabytki nowożytne (ceramika, szkło, fr. cegieł) oraz pojedyncze pradziejowe. Wśród zabytków nieruchomych do najciekawszych należały obiekt gospodarczy kultury przeworskiej (nr 5) ze śladem konstrukcji słupowej, poważnie zniszczona jama " przemysłowa " kultury amfor kulistych (ob. 6) z krzemiennym materiałem z produkcji siekiery, mur kamienny z zespołem różnej wielkości dołów posłupowych (ob. 2a, 3, 8, S1 i S2) datowany wstępnie na XIX w. oraz fragment ziemianki o podobnej chronologii. Pozostałą grupę odkrytych obiektów tworzą różnego rodzaju wkopy niszczące datowane na XX w. Maksymalna głębokość eksploracji wyniosła 285 cm. W wykopie II/2016, położonym w niższej części stanowiska, do głębokości 60 cm była eksplorowana nowożytna warstwa kulturowa o bardzo zróżnicowanym składzie, zawierająca liczne zabytki związane z działającym tu dworem i folwarkiem (XVII-XIX w.), a także warstwy niwelacyjne zbudowane głownie z żużla i szkliwa wielkopiecowego. Poniżej warstwy zarejestrowano obecność kilku niewielkich obiektów o nowożytnej chronologii. Po osiągnięciu maksymalnej głębokości eksploracji wynoszącej 95 cm, prace wykopaliskowe w sezonie 2016 zakończono. Będą one kontynuowane w bieżącym roku. Dzięki badaniom prowadzonym w 2016 roku w północno-zachodnim sektorze parku, gdzie wcześniej nie wykonywano żadnych prac wykopaliskowych, udało się uzupełnić archeologiczny obraz stanowiska 14 o kolejne elementy. Wyraźne widoczne jest intensywne użytkowanie tego miejsca w nowożytności (elementy folwarku – najprawdopodobniej budowla drewniana na fundamencie kamiennym, ziemianka, warstwy niwelacyjne z żulem wielkopiecowym). Zaznacza się także przemysłowa funkcja stanowiska z początków naszej ery, co potwierdzają żużle kuźnicze odkryte w obiekcie nr 2. Tutaj także zarejestrowano gospodarczy obiekt kultury przeworskiej (duża jama z paleniskiem i słupem). Podobnie jak w latach ubiegłych śladowo pojawiają się równie materiały kultury amfor kulistych świadczące o wykorzystywaniu stanowiska już pod koniec młodszej epoki kamienia. Z pozyskanych w trakcie badań zabytków ruchomych na uwagę zasługują fragment siekiery z krzemienia pasiastego (kultura amfor kulistych), liczne fragmenty szkliwionych kafli oraz naczyń szklanych (XVII-XIX w.), dwie nowożytne monety oraz żużle miseczkowate związane z wtórną obróbką żelaza dymarskiego (kultura przeworska).
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Poster prezentowany w ramach III Sympozjum Archeologii Środowiskowej "Badania archeozoologiczne w Polsce i Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Materiały - metody - interpretacje"
Katowice - Koszęcin, 26-29 listopada 2008
Katowice - Koszęcin, 26-29 listopada 2008
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Jubileuszowa konferencja podsumowująca 100 lat badań, ochrony i konserwacji pradziejowych kopalń krzemienia pasiastego w Krzemionkach.
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Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat Krzemionki (Oddz. MHA w Ostrowcu Świetokrzyskim) zorganizowało w dn. 6.11.2019 seminarium pt. "Park kulturowy w teorii i praktyce". Spotkanie odbyło się w związku z inicjacją procesu tworzenia Parku... more
Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat Krzemionki (Oddz. MHA w Ostrowcu Świetokrzyskim) zorganizowało w dn. 6.11.2019 seminarium pt. "Park kulturowy w teorii i praktyce". Spotkanie odbyło się w związku z inicjacją procesu tworzenia Parku Kulturowego Pradziejowego Górnictwa Krzemienia nad Kamienną, mającego objąć swoim zasięgiem obszar prahistorycznych kopalń wpisanych w lipcu b.r. na Listę światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO pod nazwą "Krzemionkowski Region Prehistorycznego Górnictwa Krzemienia Pasiastego". Seminarium było adresowane do samorządowców i mieszkańców gmin na terenie których planowane jest utworzenie parku.
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Program seminarium naukowego, które odbyło się w Krzemionkach od 24 do 26 marca 2017 roku.
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ORGANIZATORZY SYMPOZJUM Sekcja Speleologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Przyrodników im. Kopernika, Speleoklub Świętokrzyski w Kielcach, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Instytut Nauk Geologicznych, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Geopark... more
ORGANIZATORZY SYMPOZJUM
Sekcja Speleologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Przyrodników im. Kopernika,
Speleoklub Świętokrzyski w Kielcach,
Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN,
Instytut Nauk Geologicznych, Uniwersytet Jagielloński,
Geopark Kielce,
Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim,
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy,
Wydział Geologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski,
Instytut Geografii, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach,
KOMITET ORGANIZACYJNY
Andrzej Kasza – przewodniczący,
Jan Urban,
Wojciech Wróblewski,
Elżbieta Dumnicka,
Michał Poros,
Artur Jedynak,
Zbigniew Złonkiewicz,
Piotr Ziółkowski,
Małgorzata Ludwikowska-Kędzia,
Organizacja Sympozjum współfinansowana jest przez
Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego,
http://www.ing.uj.edu.pl/speleo2016
Sekcja Speleologiczna Polskiego Towarzystwa Przyrodników im. Kopernika,
Speleoklub Świętokrzyski w Kielcach,
Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN,
Instytut Nauk Geologicznych, Uniwersytet Jagielloński,
Geopark Kielce,
Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim,
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy,
Wydział Geologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski,
Instytut Geografii, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach,
KOMITET ORGANIZACYJNY
Andrzej Kasza – przewodniczący,
Jan Urban,
Wojciech Wróblewski,
Elżbieta Dumnicka,
Michał Poros,
Artur Jedynak,
Zbigniew Złonkiewicz,
Piotr Ziółkowski,
Małgorzata Ludwikowska-Kędzia,
Organizacja Sympozjum współfinansowana jest przez
Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego,
http://www.ing.uj.edu.pl/speleo2016
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Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowo-konserwatorska zamykającą obchody 90. rocznicy odkrycia przez Jana Samsonowicza neolitycznego pola górniczego w Krzemionkach została zorganizowana przez Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne w Ostrowcu... more
Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowo-konserwatorska zamykającą obchody 90. rocznicy odkrycia przez Jana Samsonowicza neolitycznego pola górniczego w Krzemionkach została zorganizowana przez Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim we współpracy z Instytutem Archeologii Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie oraz Samodzielną Pracownią Prehistorycznego Górnictwa Krzemienia Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie w Sudole - Krzemionkach, pow. Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, w dniach 18-20 kwietnia 2013 r.
Głównym jej celem było podsumowanie i przedyskutowanie dotychczasowych wyników badań prehistorycznego górnictwa krzemienia i związanych z nim zagadnień gospodarki,
w tym osadnictwa, znaczenia krzemieni kopalnianych, mechanizmów ich rozprzestrzeniania się ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kopalni „Krzemionki Opatowskie” i krzemieni pasiastych. Odrębną część obrad poświęcono aktualnym problemom ochrony i zagospodarowywania rezerwatu w Krzemionkach na tle stanu badań i ochrony innych prehistorycznych kopalń krzemienia w Polsce
i w Europie.
Głównym jej celem było podsumowanie i przedyskutowanie dotychczasowych wyników badań prehistorycznego górnictwa krzemienia i związanych z nim zagadnień gospodarki,
w tym osadnictwa, znaczenia krzemieni kopalnianych, mechanizmów ich rozprzestrzeniania się ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kopalni „Krzemionki Opatowskie” i krzemieni pasiastych. Odrębną część obrad poświęcono aktualnym problemom ochrony i zagospodarowywania rezerwatu w Krzemionkach na tle stanu badań i ochrony innych prehistorycznych kopalń krzemienia w Polsce
i w Europie.
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Fragment neolitycznej kopalni filarowej w Krzemionkach zrekonstruowany w Parku Nauki i Ewolucji Człowieka w Krasiejowie.
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"Krzemień to dla geologów wciąż zagadkowa skała, której pochodzenie mimo wielu lat badań pozostaje nie do końca wyjaśnione. Dla archeologów to unikatowy surowiec mineralny będący kamieniem węgielnym w cywilizacyjnym pochodzie rodzaju... more
"Krzemień to dla geologów wciąż zagadkowa skała, której pochodzenie mimo wielu lat badań pozostaje nie do końca wyjaśnione. Dla archeologów to unikatowy surowiec mineralny będący kamieniem węgielnym w cywilizacyjnym pochodzie rodzaju ludzkiego. Krzemień od dawien dawna odgrywał ogromną rolę w życiu człowieka, jako surowiec do wytwarzania narzędzi czy krzesania ognia. Dziś ten tajemniczy kamień fascynuje artystów. Jego niepowtarzalny deseń i wyszukane piękno dają ogromne możliwości twórczej inspiracji.
Wystawa „Krzemień w przyrodzie i kulturze” ma na celu przybliżenie zwiedzającym długiej i burzliwej geologicznej historii krzemienia oraz roli jaką odegrał w codziennym życiu człowieka. Na wystawie zostanie zaprezentowane kilkadziesiąt rodzajów krzemienia z różnych stron Europy, hipotezy dotyczące jego pochodzenia, a także sposoby wykorzystywania w pradziejach, czasach nowożytnych i współcześnie.
Ekspozycja jest realizowana wspólnie przez Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat „Krzemionki” oraz Muzeum Narodowe w Kielcach. Wystawa zostanie otwarta 15 września 2013 r.
"
Wystawa „Krzemień w przyrodzie i kulturze” ma na celu przybliżenie zwiedzającym długiej i burzliwej geologicznej historii krzemienia oraz roli jaką odegrał w codziennym życiu człowieka. Na wystawie zostanie zaprezentowane kilkadziesiąt rodzajów krzemienia z różnych stron Europy, hipotezy dotyczące jego pochodzenia, a także sposoby wykorzystywania w pradziejach, czasach nowożytnych i współcześnie.
Ekspozycja jest realizowana wspólnie przez Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat „Krzemionki” oraz Muzeum Narodowe w Kielcach. Wystawa zostanie otwarta 15 września 2013 r.
"
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""Archaeological research and acquisitions of the Museum in Krzemionki between 2002 and 2012. The Historical and Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski has been gathering archaeological collections from the region of central... more
""Archaeological research and acquisitions of the Museum in Krzemionki between 2002 and 2012.
The Historical and Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski has been gathering archaeological collections from the region of central and lower Kamienna river basin since 1965. Since 1978, when the Museum took over the reserve in Krzemionki, its connections with archaeology became even stronger. However, independent research was first carried out at the beginning of the 21st century in relation to the changes in the reserve’s organizational structure and wide range works done in the prehistoric mines of striped flint. They were connected with protecting actions taken in the region of the so called Great Limestone Chambers. These works were also carried out due to the building of a new tourist underground route.
In 2003, there started research of those fragments of the mine which became available to archaeologists due to the building of tourist gallery. The works, under the supervision of Dr J.T. Bąbel, were carried out by A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur, and M. Gruszka and lasted for 9 months in 2003 and 2004. Their scope embraced the fragments of more than ten mining units. After proper research and mining and conservatory works had been done, the newly discovered cavities were opened to visitors. In 2005 the Historical and Archaeological Museum received a prize “Sybilla 2004” from the Minister of Culture for creating the exhibition of the underground tourist route.
When the underground works in Krzemionki had been almost completed, a very interesting iron workshop from the period of Roman influences was examined at site 1 in Bodzechów under the supervision of Dr Sz. Orzechowski from the Institute of History at Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur, and M. Gruszka participated in the research. The excavation works carried out by A. Jedynak and K. Kaptur at site 4 in Chmielów were to continue the research on ancient metallurgy. Within the next two seasons of research between 2005 and 2006, an ordered furnace cluster with remains of several tens of hollow furnaces was discovered in the vicinity of a known cemetery from the Przeworsk Culture – “Chmielów Piaskowy”.
In 2006 an exhibition building started to be raised over a cavity of the niche mine nr 6/668 in Krzemionki. Therefore, the archaeological team of the Museum (J.T. Bąbel, A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur) carried out preparatory research on the area of the planned investment. The research allowed to identify the stratigraphy of part of the mine field together with some fragments of flint workshops.
In September and October 2008, preparatory research of rubble heaps in chamber II at the Great Limestone Chambers in Krzemionki was carried out (A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur). The research was supposed to enable the construction of mining protections in the most endangered parts of the mine. As a result of the research, it was possible to recognize the directions of mining works around the Neolithic shaft nr 824. The works were continued next year when a large fragment of cavities between the Great Limestone Chambers and the so called first tourist route was examined. Also in 2008, the employees of the Museum in Krzemionki carried out exploratory research at a multicultural settlement site in Świrna, and in 2009 they examined a housing object from the beginnings of our era which was discovered on the area of the palace park in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski – Częstocice.
An important research subject undertaken by the Museum in Krzemionki is the issue of settlement infrastructure at the prehistoric mines of striped flint. The main works (A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur) were concentrated on the research of the Globular Amphora Culture at site nr 63 in Krzczonowice. Between 2006 and 2011, many settlement objects were discovered mainly those dated back to the end of the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age, and the early Iron Age as well as the period of Roman influences. The whole site was also examined geophysically (M. Przybyła, P. Wroniecki). The surface research carried out in the basin of central and lower Kamienna river, commissioned by the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Conservator of Monuments, was part of the research program on the prehistoric settlement infrastructure of flint mining. Meticulous outdoor prospection carried out since 2004, enabled to identify prehistoric and later settlements as well as brought a rich collection of relics kept as a permanent deposit in Krzemionki.
The collections of the Museum in Krzemionki also include a large group of relics which, acquired during various works, were passed on to the Museum by other firms and institutions.
Among them there is a very interesting collection of early Neolithic relics from Szewna which were acquired by “Labrys” company during research carried out while a new sewage system was being built. Equally valuable are the finds passed on as gifts from private donors. In the times of omnipresent commercialization, such attitude is especially worth emphasizing. Thanks to the generosity of accidental finders, the Museum in Krzemionki has enriched itself with several interesting relics. It also enabled to locate and document many hitherto unknown archaeological sites. The archaeological aerial research done on commission of the Historical and Archaeological Musem in 2010 by the team: M. Bogacki, K. Wieczorek, and P. Wroniecki highly contributed to the discovery and documentation of another group of sites.
The research and documentation works could be done not only thanks to the engagement of the Museum employees but also thanks to the support from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, the Voivodeship Office of Monuments’ Protection in Kielce, the authorities of Ćmielów Commune and to the disinterested help of many people to whom the authors of research would like to express their deep gratitude.
""
The Historical and Archaeological Museum in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski has been gathering archaeological collections from the region of central and lower Kamienna river basin since 1965. Since 1978, when the Museum took over the reserve in Krzemionki, its connections with archaeology became even stronger. However, independent research was first carried out at the beginning of the 21st century in relation to the changes in the reserve’s organizational structure and wide range works done in the prehistoric mines of striped flint. They were connected with protecting actions taken in the region of the so called Great Limestone Chambers. These works were also carried out due to the building of a new tourist underground route.
In 2003, there started research of those fragments of the mine which became available to archaeologists due to the building of tourist gallery. The works, under the supervision of Dr J.T. Bąbel, were carried out by A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur, and M. Gruszka and lasted for 9 months in 2003 and 2004. Their scope embraced the fragments of more than ten mining units. After proper research and mining and conservatory works had been done, the newly discovered cavities were opened to visitors. In 2005 the Historical and Archaeological Museum received a prize “Sybilla 2004” from the Minister of Culture for creating the exhibition of the underground tourist route.
When the underground works in Krzemionki had been almost completed, a very interesting iron workshop from the period of Roman influences was examined at site 1 in Bodzechów under the supervision of Dr Sz. Orzechowski from the Institute of History at Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur, and M. Gruszka participated in the research. The excavation works carried out by A. Jedynak and K. Kaptur at site 4 in Chmielów were to continue the research on ancient metallurgy. Within the next two seasons of research between 2005 and 2006, an ordered furnace cluster with remains of several tens of hollow furnaces was discovered in the vicinity of a known cemetery from the Przeworsk Culture – “Chmielów Piaskowy”.
In 2006 an exhibition building started to be raised over a cavity of the niche mine nr 6/668 in Krzemionki. Therefore, the archaeological team of the Museum (J.T. Bąbel, A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur) carried out preparatory research on the area of the planned investment. The research allowed to identify the stratigraphy of part of the mine field together with some fragments of flint workshops.
In September and October 2008, preparatory research of rubble heaps in chamber II at the Great Limestone Chambers in Krzemionki was carried out (A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur). The research was supposed to enable the construction of mining protections in the most endangered parts of the mine. As a result of the research, it was possible to recognize the directions of mining works around the Neolithic shaft nr 824. The works were continued next year when a large fragment of cavities between the Great Limestone Chambers and the so called first tourist route was examined. Also in 2008, the employees of the Museum in Krzemionki carried out exploratory research at a multicultural settlement site in Świrna, and in 2009 they examined a housing object from the beginnings of our era which was discovered on the area of the palace park in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski – Częstocice.
An important research subject undertaken by the Museum in Krzemionki is the issue of settlement infrastructure at the prehistoric mines of striped flint. The main works (A. Jedynak, K. Kaptur) were concentrated on the research of the Globular Amphora Culture at site nr 63 in Krzczonowice. Between 2006 and 2011, many settlement objects were discovered mainly those dated back to the end of the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age, and the early Iron Age as well as the period of Roman influences. The whole site was also examined geophysically (M. Przybyła, P. Wroniecki). The surface research carried out in the basin of central and lower Kamienna river, commissioned by the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Conservator of Monuments, was part of the research program on the prehistoric settlement infrastructure of flint mining. Meticulous outdoor prospection carried out since 2004, enabled to identify prehistoric and later settlements as well as brought a rich collection of relics kept as a permanent deposit in Krzemionki.
The collections of the Museum in Krzemionki also include a large group of relics which, acquired during various works, were passed on to the Museum by other firms and institutions.
Among them there is a very interesting collection of early Neolithic relics from Szewna which were acquired by “Labrys” company during research carried out while a new sewage system was being built. Equally valuable are the finds passed on as gifts from private donors. In the times of omnipresent commercialization, such attitude is especially worth emphasizing. Thanks to the generosity of accidental finders, the Museum in Krzemionki has enriched itself with several interesting relics. It also enabled to locate and document many hitherto unknown archaeological sites. The archaeological aerial research done on commission of the Historical and Archaeological Musem in 2010 by the team: M. Bogacki, K. Wieczorek, and P. Wroniecki highly contributed to the discovery and documentation of another group of sites.
The research and documentation works could be done not only thanks to the engagement of the Museum employees but also thanks to the support from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, the Voivodeship Office of Monuments’ Protection in Kielce, the authorities of Ćmielów Commune and to the disinterested help of many people to whom the authors of research would like to express their deep gratitude.
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Część ekspozycji poświęconej rozwojowi życia na Ziemi w Muzeum im. Karola Sabatha w Solcu Kujawskim
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Wernisaż wystawy „Świt świętokrzyskiego hutnictwa” odbył się w ostrowieckim Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologicznym 5 marca 2006 roku. Została ona zorganizowana w związku z jubileuszem 50 lat badań nad starożytnym hutnictwem w regionie... more
Wernisaż wystawy „Świt świętokrzyskiego hutnictwa” odbył się w ostrowieckim Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologicznym 5 marca 2006 roku. Została ona zorganizowana w związku z jubileuszem 50 lat badań nad starożytnym hutnictwem w regionie świętokrzyskim. Na ekspozycji prezentowane były głównie odkrycia dokonane w dorzeczu Kamiennej, czyli w północnej części jednego z największych w Europie antycznych centrów produkcji żelaza.
Wystawa podzielona była na dwie części - w pierwszej sali prezentowane były przedmioty z życia codziennego dawnych mieszkańców osad dymarskich: narzędzia, ceramika, ozdoby, broń oraz monety rzymskie odnalezione w Nietulisku i Chmielowie, a w drugim pomieszczeniu można było oglądać zabytki dotyczące już samego procesu wytapiania żelaza, m.in. rekonstrukcję starożytnego pieca kotlinkowego i stanowiska dymarskiego.
Wystawa podzielona była na dwie części - w pierwszej sali prezentowane były przedmioty z życia codziennego dawnych mieszkańców osad dymarskich: narzędzia, ceramika, ozdoby, broń oraz monety rzymskie odnalezione w Nietulisku i Chmielowie, a w drugim pomieszczeniu można było oglądać zabytki dotyczące już samego procesu wytapiania żelaza, m.in. rekonstrukcję starożytnego pieca kotlinkowego i stanowiska dymarskiego.
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Katalog wystawy o tym samym tytule prezentowanej w Muzeum Regionalnym w Krokowej od 5 sierpnia do 15 listopada 2023 roku.
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PROGRAM WYDARZENIA SOBOTA 15.07. od 10.00 do 17.00 – warsztaty i prezentacje rzemiosł pradziejowych oraz laboratorium archeologiczne, w tym: 11.30 – pokaz sposobów rozpalania ognia (rekonstrukcja osady) 12.00 – „O czym mówią kości?... more
PROGRAM WYDARZENIA
SOBOTA 15.07.
od 10.00 do 17.00 – warsztaty i prezentacje rzemiosł pradziejowych oraz laboratorium archeologiczne, w tym:
11.30 – pokaz sposobów rozpalania ognia (rekonstrukcja osady)
12.00 – „O czym mówią kości? Kilka przypadków z czasów minionych” – wykład przygotowany przez zespół archeozoologów: dr. hab. prof. UP we Wrocławiu Aleksandra Chrószcza, dr. Dominika Poradowskiego z UP we Wrocławiu, prof. Vedata Onara z Uniwersytetu w Stambule oraz Joannę Wolińską z UP we Wrocławiu (namiot prelekcyjny)
12.30 – pokaz obróbki bursztynu i jubilerstwa pradziejowego (rekonstrukcja osady)
13.00 – malakologia w archeologii (namiot „Laboratorium”)
13.30 – wierzenia epoki kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
14.00 – traseologia – badania śladów użytkowania narzędzi (namiot „Laboratorium”)
14.30 – stanowisko technik garbarskich (rekonstrukcja osady)
15.00 – „Przyroda Krzemionek” – premiera filmu Bogusława Sępioła oraz spotkanie z autorem (namiot prelekcyjny)
16.00 – prezentacja pradziejowych instrumentów muzycznych (rekonstrukcja osady)
NIEDZIELA 16.07.
od 10.00 do 17.00 – warsztaty i prezentacje rzemiosł pradziejowych oraz laboratorium archeologiczne, w tym:
11.30 – pokaz obróbki krzemienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
12.00 – „Chleb, piwo? A może grochówka? Co Oni spożywali w tym neolicie” – wykład dr. hab. Aldony Mueller-Bieniek z WA UW w Warszawie (namiot prelekcyjny)
12.30 – kuchnia pradziejowa (rekonstrukcja osady)
13.00 – prezentacja obozowiska ze starszej epoki kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
13.30 – „Zobaczyć to, co niewidoczne. Badania mikroskopowe w archeologii” – wykład dr hab. prof. UAM w Poznaniu Iwony Sobkowiak-Tabaki i dr Aldony Kurzawskiej z IAE PAN w Poznaniu (namiot prelekcyjny)
14.00 – pokaz technik obróbki kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
14.30 – geofizyka archeologiczna (namiot „Laboratorium”)
15.00 – stanowisko łowiectwa pradziejowego (rekonstrukcja osady)
15.30 – badania antropologiczne (namiot „Laboratorium”)
16.00 – „Uzdrowienie wodza” – inscenizacja zabiegów medycznych w młodszej epoce kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
SOBOTA 15.07.
od 10.00 do 17.00 – warsztaty i prezentacje rzemiosł pradziejowych oraz laboratorium archeologiczne, w tym:
11.30 – pokaz sposobów rozpalania ognia (rekonstrukcja osady)
12.00 – „O czym mówią kości? Kilka przypadków z czasów minionych” – wykład przygotowany przez zespół archeozoologów: dr. hab. prof. UP we Wrocławiu Aleksandra Chrószcza, dr. Dominika Poradowskiego z UP we Wrocławiu, prof. Vedata Onara z Uniwersytetu w Stambule oraz Joannę Wolińską z UP we Wrocławiu (namiot prelekcyjny)
12.30 – pokaz obróbki bursztynu i jubilerstwa pradziejowego (rekonstrukcja osady)
13.00 – malakologia w archeologii (namiot „Laboratorium”)
13.30 – wierzenia epoki kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
14.00 – traseologia – badania śladów użytkowania narzędzi (namiot „Laboratorium”)
14.30 – stanowisko technik garbarskich (rekonstrukcja osady)
15.00 – „Przyroda Krzemionek” – premiera filmu Bogusława Sępioła oraz spotkanie z autorem (namiot prelekcyjny)
16.00 – prezentacja pradziejowych instrumentów muzycznych (rekonstrukcja osady)
NIEDZIELA 16.07.
od 10.00 do 17.00 – warsztaty i prezentacje rzemiosł pradziejowych oraz laboratorium archeologiczne, w tym:
11.30 – pokaz obróbki krzemienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
12.00 – „Chleb, piwo? A może grochówka? Co Oni spożywali w tym neolicie” – wykład dr. hab. Aldony Mueller-Bieniek z WA UW w Warszawie (namiot prelekcyjny)
12.30 – kuchnia pradziejowa (rekonstrukcja osady)
13.00 – prezentacja obozowiska ze starszej epoki kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
13.30 – „Zobaczyć to, co niewidoczne. Badania mikroskopowe w archeologii” – wykład dr hab. prof. UAM w Poznaniu Iwony Sobkowiak-Tabaki i dr Aldony Kurzawskiej z IAE PAN w Poznaniu (namiot prelekcyjny)
14.00 – pokaz technik obróbki kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
14.30 – geofizyka archeologiczna (namiot „Laboratorium”)
15.00 – stanowisko łowiectwa pradziejowego (rekonstrukcja osady)
15.30 – badania antropologiczne (namiot „Laboratorium”)
16.00 – „Uzdrowienie wodza” – inscenizacja zabiegów medycznych w młodszej epoce kamienia (rekonstrukcja osady)
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A poster advertising the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of Krzemionki. More information on: http://muzeumostrowiec.pl/krzemionki/100-lecie-odkrycia-kopaln-krzemienia-pasiastego-w-krzemionkach/
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Film zrealizowany przez Lokalną Telewizję w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim oraz Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne, prezentujący drogę Krzemionek do UNESCO oraz wyzwania jakie stoją przed społecznością lokalną aby utrzymać status Dobra światowego... more
Film zrealizowany przez Lokalną Telewizję w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim oraz Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne, prezentujący drogę Krzemionek do UNESCO oraz wyzwania jakie stoją przed społecznością lokalną aby utrzymać status Dobra światowego dziedzictwa
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Bieżąca edycja "Krzemionkowskich" jest oparta o pokaz fabularyzowanego dokumentu "Prastary Skarb. Kopalnia krzemienia sprzed 5000 lat" w reżyserii Macieja Sieńskiego oraz premierę przygotowanego wspólnie przez Świętokrzyskie... more
Bieżąca edycja "Krzemionkowskich" jest oparta o pokaz fabularyzowanego dokumentu "Prastary Skarb. Kopalnia krzemienia sprzed 5000 lat" w reżyserii Macieja Sieńskiego oraz premierę przygotowanego wspólnie przez Świętokrzyskie Stowarzyszenie Dziedzictwa Przemysłowego, firmę "Hałas" oraz Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologiczne w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim filmu "Krzemienne Dziedzictwo"
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Wiór z krzemienia świeciechowskiego ze zbiorów Muzeum Historyczno-Archeologicznego w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim. Jeden z najbardziej okazałych zabytków tego typu odkrytych na ziemiach polskich.
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The promoting folder for 'Krzemionki' as an object from the Polish Tentative List and application for an entry in the World Heritage List UNESCO for the prehistoric settlement and production complex located on the lower Kamienna river
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Folder promujący Krzemionki, jako obiekt z Polskiej listy informacyjnej UNESCO oraz wniosek nominacyjny na Listę światowego dziedzictwa dla pradziejowego zespołu osadniczo-produkcyjnego położonego nad dolną Kamienną
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Kolejna edycja imprezy ukazującej życie codzienne w młodszej epoce kamienia i początkach epoki brązu
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Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat Krzemionki w ramach Nocy Muzeów 2016 zaprasza na sesję popularnonaukową pt. " Diadem z Brzegów – unikatowe znalezisko z epoki brązu " połączoną z prezentacją zabytku odkrytego podczas badań... more
Muzeum Archeologiczne i Rezerwat Krzemionki w ramach Nocy Muzeów 2016 zaprasza na sesję popularnonaukową pt. " Diadem z Brzegów – unikatowe znalezisko z epoki brązu " połączoną z prezentacją zabytku odkrytego podczas badań archeologicznych na budowie trasy S7 w województwie świętokrzyskim Sesja odbędzie się z okazji Nocy Muzeów, 14 maja 2016 roku o godz. 18.00 w Muzeum Archeologicznym w Krzemionkach.
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Poster by Kamil Stelmasik & Rafał Proszek
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Ulotka informacyjna z 1 KSzEK w opracowaniu graficznym Digital Spectacular.