Yearbook

ÖZET Osmanlı taşrası çoğunlukla merkez ile olan ilişkileri sıklığında görünür olmuştur. Taşrada idari ve hukuki anlamda tutulan kayıtlar dışında daha fazla bilgi edinebilmek güçtür. 1866 Yılında yayınlanmaya başlanan vilayet salnameleri Osmanlı İmparatorluğu taşrası hakkında iktisadi, idari ve istatistiki bilgiler içermektedir. Bunların dışında devlet salnameleri ve bakanlıkların çıkardıkları nezaret salnameleri bulunmaktadır. Vilayetler için yayınlanan salnamelerde vilayete bağlı kaza, sancak, nahiye ve köyler hakkında da detaylı bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Salname geçmiş tarihe ya da bir yıllık döneme ait iktisadi, ticari, sınai, fenni, biyografik, tarihi veya nüfusa dair bilgileri özet halinde içerip bunları derleyerek her yıl yayınlayan eserlere verilen isimdir. Salnamelerin en önemli özelliği bilgiye ihtiyaç duyulan Osmanlı taşrası hakkında son dönemde de olsa yıllık bilgiler içermesidir. Vilayet salnameleri 1921-22 yıllarına kadar yayınlanmaya devam etmiştir. Salnameler hazırlanırken merkezin gönderdiği örnek temel alınmıştır. Ancak vilayetin özel durumları ve hazırlayanların bilgi düzeylerindeki farklılık göz önünde bulundurulduğunda farklı vilayetlerdeki salnamelerin farklı özellikler gösterdiği görülmüştür. Taşköprü ilçesi bu dönemde Kastamonu vilayetinenin merkez sancağına bağlı bir kaza hükmündedir. Kastamonu Sancağı'na bağlı 4 adet sancak bulunmaktadır ve bunların adları Kastamonu, Bolu, Kangırı (Çankırı) ve Sinop Sancaklarıdır. Taşköprü kazasını da bulunduğu Kastamonu Sancağı'nda 6 kaza daha bulunmaktadır. Bunlar ise İnebolu, Safranbolu, Daday, Cide, Tosya ve Araç Kazalarıdır. Salnameler içinde zengin bilgiler içermesinden dolayı Kastamonu Vilayeti salnameleri özel bir öneme sahiptir. 1869-1903 yılları arasında Kastamonu Vilayeti için 21 adet salname yayınlanmıştır. Bunların 1899 yılına kadar olanları her yıl daha sonra olanları ise belli aralıklar ile yayınlanmıştır. Kastamonu Vilayet salnameleri içinde diğer kazalar ile birlikte Taşköprü kazası ile ilgili de nüfus, müesseseler ve iktisadi duruma dair bilgiler yer almaktadır. Ayrıca kazalarda bulunan resmi daireler ve bu dairelerde çalışan memurların listeleri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı bu salnamelerde Taşköprü için ayrılan kısımları 1869-1903 yılları arasında derleyerek istatistiki bilgiler oluşturmaktır. Bu sayede Taşköprü kazasının 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğindeki iktisadi ve toplumsal durumu ile ilgili bulgular elde edilecektir. Bunlara ilaveten Taşköprü Kazasının Kastamonu Vilayeti içindeki konumu belirlenecek ve diğer kazalar ile ilişkileri incelenecektir. ABSTRACT The Ottoman provinces mostly became visible in its relation to the center. It is hard to contain more information except administrative and legal records in the province. The province yearbooks, starting in 1868, contain economic, administrative and statistical information on the provinces of Ottoman Empire. There are state yearbooks and issued the ministries' yearbooks except those. Published yearbooks for provinces are also contain detailed information about districts (sancak), town (kaza) and counties (nahiye) and villages which were connected to the provinces. The yearbook is the name of the annual and summary information about economic, commercial, industrial, scientific, biographic, historical or population issues and that is published every year. The most important feature of the yearbooks is ensuring annual information about the Ottoman provincial which needed information albeit in the last period. Province yearbooks continued to be published up to 1921-22. The sample sent by the center was taken as the basis for preparing the yearbooks. However, it is normally that different characteristics of yearbooks observed in different provinces when considered the special situations for the provinces and the level of knowledge of the preparers In this period, Taşköprü was a town of Kastamonu Province's central district. There are four districts affiliated with the Kastamonu Province and these names were Kastamonu, Bolu Kangırı (Çankırı) and Sinop Districts. There are 6 town (kaza) in Kastamonu District where the Taşköprü town is also located and these were İnebolu, Safranbolu, Daday Cide, Tosya ve Araç Towns. Since it contains wealthy information, Kastamonu Province  Arş. Gör., Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, e-posta: tamerguven@ibu.edu.tr.

Public relations professionals are increasingly called upon to understand, embrace, and use technological advancements in their work. Which communication technologies are worth embracing? Which technologies contribute to organization–public relationships? This essay explores public relations' fascination with new technology. In this essay, we conduct a case study of Second Life, asking “do new technologies help practitioners to build relationships with publics?” If yes, what evidence exists? If not, why ...

1866 yılında yayınlanmaya başlanan vilayet salnameleri Osmanlı İmparatorluğu taşrası
hakkında iktisadi ve istatistiki bilgiler içermektedir. Bunların dışında devlet salnameleri ve
bakanlıkların çıkardıkları nezaret salnameleri bulunmaktadır. Vilayetler için yayınlanan
salnamelerde vilayete bağlı kaza, sancak, nahiye ve köyler hakkında da detaylı bilgiler
bulunmaktadır. Salnamelerin en önemli özelliği bilgiye ihtiyaç duyulan Osmanlı taşrası
hakkında son dönemde de olsa yıllık veriler içermeleridir. Vilayet salnameleri 1921-22 yıllarına
kadar yayınlanmaya devam etmiştir.
Aksaray ili bu dönemde Konya vilayetine bağlı bir kaza hükmündedir. Salnameler içinde
zengin bilgiler içermesinden dolayı Konya Vilayeti Salnameleri özel bir öneme sahiptir. 1868-
1906 yılları arasında Konya Vilayeti için 28 adet salname yayınlanmıştır. Konya Vilayet
Salnameleri içinde diğer kazalar ile birlikte Aksaray Kazası ile ilgili de nüfus, müesseseler ve
iktisadi durma dair bilgiler yer almaktadır. Ayrıca kazalarda bulunan resmi daireler ve bu
dairelerde çalışan memurların listeleri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı bu salnamelerde
Aksaray için ayrılan kısımları 1868-1906 yılları arasında derleyerek istatistiki bilgiler
oluşturmaktır. Bu sayede Aksaray Kazasının 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğindeki iktisadi ve
toplumsal durumu ile ilgili bulgular elde edilecektir. Bunlara ilaveten Aksaray Kazasının
Konya Vilayeti içindeki konumu belirlenecek ve diğer kazalar ile karşılaştırılması yapılacaktır.

Özet: XIX. yüzyılının ikinci yarısından itibaren getirilen düzenlemelerle birlikte idari yapıda meydana gelen değişiklikler Osmanlı Devleti'nin tüm vilayetlerine yansımıştır. Kosova Vilayeti'nin önemli merkezlerinden İpek Sancağı da böyle bir dönemde teşekkül etmiş, Osmanlı idari mekanizmasının yeni yapılanmasını sancak yönetiminde uygulamıştır. Sancak idare meclisleri, muhasebe, vergi, belediye, mahkeme, maarif ve benzeri birimlerine sahip olan İpek Sancağı yönetim kadrosu ve faaliyetleriyle Osmanlı taşra teşkilatının örnek bir modelini oluşturmaktadır. ·
Anahtar Kelimeler : Sancak İdaresi, Kosova Vilayeti, İpek Sancağı, Salname.
ADMINISTRATION OF THE SANJAK OF İPEK ACCORDING TO
YEARBOOKS OF THE PROVİNCE OF KOSOVO
Abstract: After the regulations made in the second half of the nineteenth century, adroinistrative changes were reflected in all provinces of the Ottoman State. The Sanjak of İpek, one of significant centers in the Province of Kosovo, was formed in this period and the new structure of the Ottoman adroinistration was realized there. Having had units such as adroinistrative council, accountancy, tax, municipality, court of justice and education, the sanjak was a sample of the Ottoman provincial
organization.
Keywords: Sanjak Administration, the Province of Kosovo, the Sanjak of İpek, Yearbook.

The occurrence of tomato pith necrosis in the greenhouses of the Strumica region was investigated in the last four years, starting from 2005. Several varieties of the bacteria were isolated from symptomatic plants: Pseudomonas mediterranea (Mitrev S. et al in press), Panthoea agglomerans (Mitrev S., et al. 2007) Clavibacter michiganensie subsp. michiganense (Mitrev S., et al. 2005). In 2008, the plant pathogenic cbacteria Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson was isolated from tomato plants showing symptoms of pith ...

Özet Bu çalışmada, Cumhuriyet'in ilk evresinde, illere göre yayın hayatında bulunan gazete ve dergiler, bunların sahipleri ve dolayısıyla mülkiyet ilişkileri, yazı kadroları, ortalama tirajlar, gazete ve dergi türleri, matbaalar, 1927 yılına gelindiğinde süreli yayın bulunmayan iller vb. bilgilere devlet salnamesi gibi birincil bir kaynak incelenerek ulaşılmıştır. Böylece yeni harflere geçişin hemen arifesinde Türkiye'de basın hayatının nasıl bir manzara arz ettiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Abstract Newspapers and Magazines on the Eve of the Alphabet Revolution According to the Governmental Yearbook of Turkish Republic and the General Outlook of Press In this study, in the first phase of the Republic (Turkey), information such as local newspapers and magazines, their owners and therefore property relations, editorial staff, average editions, types of newspapers and magazines, printing houses, and cities where there were no periodicals in 1927, was accessed via a primary source like governmental yearbook. By this way, the atmosphere of the media sector in Turkey in the eve of transformation to the new alphabet has been presented.

We analyzed the processed seed of two varieties of wheat (mila nad bargala) produced in" Uniservis Agro"-stip, 2008-2010. The focus was on their main characteristics which influence the quality of wheat seed (seed purity, percentage, germination energy, overall germinability, mass of 1000 grains, seed moisture and seed health).

Редакциски одбор Проф. д-р Саша Митрев Проф. д-р Илија Каров Проф. д-р Блажо Боев Проф. д-р Лилјана Колева-Гудева Проф. д-р Верица Илиева Проф. д-р Љупчо Михајлов Проф. д-р Рубин Гулабоски Доц. д-р Душан Спасов ... Одговорен уредник Проф. д-р Саша Митрев ... Главен уредник Проф. д-р Лилјана Колева-Гудева ... Јазично уредување Даница Гавриловска-Атанасовска (македонски јазик) Центар за странски јазици Филолошки факултет, УГД (англиски јазик) ... Редакција и администрација Универзитет „Гоце ...

Being a significant written source of history research, yearbooks were called as salnâme or nevsal in the Ottoman Empire. The first issue of one of these yearbooks, Milli Nevsal [The National Yearbook], was published in 1922. It continued to be published for four years until 1925. Preserving its sustainability from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic, Milli Nevsal was the first yearbook of the Republican era. It had a rich context extending from history and politics to subjects such as economy, society, arts, literature, and sports. The foreign and domestic political affairs of the period covered remarkable space on its pages. Milli Nevsal had a feature that distinguished it from all other yearbooks: the diversity of its visual materials.

During the period 2006-2009, the occurrence of" eyespot" symptoms in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants was noticed in the region of Pelagonia, Probistip, Skopje, Resen and Prilep. This symptom is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Tapesia yallundae Wallwork&Spooner and the anamorphic stage Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides 9Fron) Deighton. Symptoms observed are diffuse eyespot lesions developed on the stem base.

During the period 2006-2009, the occurrence of" eyespot" symptoms in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants was noticed in the region of Pelagonia, Probistip, Skopje, Resen and Prilep. This symptom is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Tapesia yallundae Wallwork&Spooner and the anamorphic stage Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides 9Fron) Deighton. Symptoms observed are diffuse eyespot lesions developed on the stem base.

In the period from 2006 till 2008, comncontinually were checking the field grapevine symptoms, with primary aim to confirm presence and representation of phytoplasmas diseases in percent. For collection of material for analyzes we check seven region with thirteen location. Samples were assayed for phytoplasma infection by polimerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Detected phytoplasma were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). All analyzes confirm the presence of stolbur phytoplasma ( ...

The continuous observation of the health condition of cereals crops in the Republic of Macedonia has enabled us to undertake this detailed review of parasitic microflora on wheat and barley. During the last six years (2004-2009), the most important and the most widespread of wheat and barley have been following: Cochliobolus sativus-causal agent of spot leaf blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare), Ustilago muda-causal agent of loose smut of barley, Pyrenophora graminea-causal agent of leaf stripe on barley, Rhynchosporium ...

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Controversial constitutional and institutional reforms voted in May 2019 in parliament opened the way for President Gnassingbé to stand for a fourth and fifth term because the law does not apply retroactively. In February 2020, the President won again the disputed presidential elections and thus consolidated his power, assisted by the loyal army and security services. The outbreak of the Corona epidemic in Togo in March and the subsequent economic recession may have contributed to limit popular protest against the Gnassingbé regime. The human rights record of the government has improved, but remains poor. Yet, the international community followed a 'laissez faire' approach in the interests of regional stability. The economy dropped into recession due to the worldwide economic negative effects of the corona-crisis. The democracy index of the Economic Intelligence Unit, London, still rated Togo as an 'authoritarian regime'. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  RÉSUMÉ: Les réformes constitutionnelles et institutionnelles controversées votées en mai 2019 au Parlement ont ouvert la voie au président Gnassingbé pour se présenter pour un quatrième et un cinquième mandat parce que la loi ne s'applique pas rétroactivement. En février 2020, le président a remporté à nouveau les élections présidentielles disputées et a ainsi consolidé son pouvoir, assisté par l'armée fidèle et les services de sécurité. Le déclenchement de l'épidémie de Corona au Togo en mars et la récession économique qui a suivi a peut-être contribué à limiter les protestations populaires contre le régime de Gnassingbé. Le bilan du gouvernement en matière de droits de l'homme s'est amélioré, mais reste médiocre. Pourtant, la communauté internationale a suivi une approche de «laissez-faire» dans l'intérêt de la stabilité régionale. L'économie est entrée en récession en raison des effets négatifs économiques mondiaux de la crise corona. L'indice de démocratie de l'Economic Intelligence Unit, à Londres, classait toujours le Togo comme un «régime autoritaire». -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:  Umstrittene verfassungsrechtliche und institutionelle Reformen, die im Mai 2019 im Parlament verabschiedet wurden, eröffneten Präsident Gnassingbé den Weg für eine vierte und fünfte Amtszeit, da das Gesetz nicht rückwirkend gilt. Im Februar 2020 gewann der Präsident erneut die umstrittenen Präsidentschaftswahlen und festigte damit seine Macht, unterstützt von der loyalen Armee und den Sicherheitsdiensten. Der Ausbruch der Corona-Epidemie in Togo im März und die anschließende wirtschaftliche Rezession trugen dazu bei, den Protest der Bevölkerung gegen das Gnassingbé-Regime zu begrenzen. Die Menschenrechtsbilanz der Regierung hat sich verbessert, bleibt aber defizitär. Die internationale Gemeinschaft verfolgte trotzdem im Interesse der regionalen Stabilität einen Laissez-Faire-Ansatz. Die Wirtschaft geriet aufgrund der weltweiten wirtschaftlichen negativen Auswirkungen der Coronakrise in eine Rezession. Der Demokratieindex der Economic Intelligence Unit in London bewertete Togo weiterhin als "autoritäres Regime".

In the period from 2005 to 2009 the occurence of tomato pith necrosis is investigated in the Strumica region. A total number of 24 isolates are investigated in in vitro conditions and for the first timke in the Republic of Macedonia, the presence of plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonass mediterranea (Catara et al., 2002) causer of tomato pith necrosis is identify.

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: - The coalition government continued on the path to establishing democracy, good governance and the rule of law in Togo in 2011. Its efforts were honoured by the international donor community with growing commitments and the cancellation of foreign debt. Domestic politics were dominated by simmering confrontations within both the opposition and the ruling Gnassingbé clan. The president successfully followed the divide-and-rule strategy of his late father, Eyadéma. The radical opposition remained isolated and its MPs excluded from parliament, despite a ruling of the ECOWAS Court of Justice to the contrary. The showdown between the president and his rivals within the Gnassingbé clan culminated in the conviction of Kpatcha Gnassingbé and his followers as ringleaders of the 2009 coup attempt. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ: - Le gouvernement de coalition a poursuivi sur la voie de l'instauration de la démocratie, de la bonne gouvernance et de la primauté du droit au Togo en 2011. Ses efforts ont été honorés par la communauté internationale des donateurs avec des engagements croissants et l'annulation de la dette extérieure. La politique intérieure était dominée par des affrontements qui couvaient au sein de l'opposition et du clan Gnassingbé au pouvoir. Le président a suivi avec succès la stratégie de son défunt père, Eyadéma, de diviser pour régner. L'opposition radicale est restée isolée et ses députés exclus du parlement, malgré une décision contraire de la Cour de Justice de la CEDEAO. L'affrontement entre le président et ses rivaux au sein du clan Gnassingbé a culminé avec la condamnation de Kpatcha Gnassingbé et de ses partisans en tant que meneurs de la tentative de coup d'Etat de 2009. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: - Die Koalitionsregierung setzte 2011 in Togo ihren Weg zur Demokratiesierung, guter Regierungsführung und Rechtsstaatlichkeit fort. Ihre Bemühungen wurden von der internationalen Gebergemeinschaft mit wachsenden Zusagen und der Streichung von Auslandsschulden honoriert. In der Innenpolitik dominierten sowohl die Opposition als auch der herrschende Gnassingbé-Clan die Schlagzeilen. Der Präsident folgte erfolgreich der Strategie des Teilen und Herrschen seines verstorbenen Vaters Eyadéma. Die radikale Opposition blieb isoliert und ihre Abgeordneten wurden vom Parlament ausgeschlossen, trotz einer gegenteiligen Entscheidung des ECOWAS-Gerichtshofs. Der Showdown zwischen dem Präsidenten und seinen Rivalen innerhalb des Gnassingbé-Clans gipfelte in der Verurteilung von Kpatcha Gnassingbé und seinen Anhängern als Anführer des Putschversuches von 2009.

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Throughout the year the controversial legislative elections dominated the political landscape. Huge anti-government demonstrations that called in vain for political alternance. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party, however without the expected constitutional amendment majority. Therefore, the prime minister and his cabinet were replaced. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grassroots , but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e. g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. Unemployment and lacking political change caused increasing migration. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  RÉSUMÉ: Tout au long de l'année, les élections législatives controversées ont dominé le paysage politique. D'énormes manifestations antigouvernementales réclamaient en vain une alternance politique. Les élections législatives du 20 décembre 2018, boycottées par les principaux partis de l'opposition, ont permis une victoire facile du parti au pouvoir, sans toutefois obtenir la majorité requise pour un amendement constitutionnel. Par conséquent, le premier ministre et son cabinet ont été remplacés. Les élections locales, cruciales pour la démocratisation à la base, mais reportées à plusieurs reprises depuis 1987, ont été à nouveau reportées en décembre 2018 sine die. La croissance économique est restée stable à environ 5% par an. Les investissements publics dans les infrastructures (routes, ports, etc.) et l'augmentation de la productivité agricole, notamment des cultures d'exportation, ont été les principaux moteurs de la croissance économique. En outre, le blanchiment d'argent, les transferts d'argent illégal et le trafic se sont multipliés de manière alarmante. Le chômage et l'absence de changement politique ont provoqué une migration croissante.  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Während des ganzen Jahres dominierten die umstrittenen Parlamentswahlen die politische Diskussion. Andauernde große Demonstrationen gegen die Regierung, forderten vergeblich einen Wechsel an der politischen Macht. Die Parlamentswahlen vom 20. Dezember 2018, die von den großen Oppositionsparteien boykottiert wurden, führten zum leichten Sieg der Regierungspartei, jedoch ohne die erwartete qualifizierte Mehrheit für eine Verfassungsänderung. Deshalb traten der Premierminister und sein Kabinett zurück. Die für die Demokratisierung an der Basis entscheidenden Kommunalwahlen, die seit 1987 immer wieder verschoben wurden, wurden im Dezember 2018 erneut auf unbestimmte Zeit verschoben. Das Wirtschaftswachstum blieb stabil bei etwa 5% pro Jahr. Öffentliche Investitionen in die Infrastruktur (z. B. Straßen, Häfen) und die Steigerung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktivität, insbesondere von Exportkulturen, waren die Haupttreiber des Wirtschaftswachstums. Darüber hinaus nahmen Geldwäsche, illegale Geldüberweisungen und Menschenhandel alarmierend zu. Arbeitslosigkeit und mangelnde politische Wende führten zu einer zunehmenden Migration.

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: - Domestic politics in Togo in 2012 were dominated by the upcoming legislative and local elections and irreconcilable differences between the ruling party on the one hand and a broad coalition of opposition parties and civil society organisations on the other. Under the growing momentum of regular anti-government demonstrations, often violently suppressed, the call for the resignation of President Faure Gnassingbé and political change became more articulate. In foreign affairs, the pro-Western stance of the government was increasingly valued by international donors in view of the growing threat of terrorism in the neighbouring Sahel. Promising growth prospects led the government and its majority in parliament to vote an ambitious budget for 2013. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ: - La politique intérieure au Togo en 2012 a été dominée par les prochaines élections législatives et locales et les divergences irréconciliables entre le parti au pouvoir d'une part et une large coalition de partis d'opposition et d'organisations de la société civile d'autre part. Sous l'impulsion croissante des manifestations anti-gouvernementales régulières, souvent violemment réprimées, l'appel à la démission du président Faure Gnassingbé et le changement politique sont devenus plus explicites. Dans le domaine des affaires étrangères, la position pro-occidentale du gouvernement était de plus en plus appréciée par les bailleurs de fonds internationaux en raison de la menace grandissante du terrorisme dans le Sahel voisin. Des perspectives de croissance prometteuses ont conduit le gouvernement et sa majorité au parlement à voter un budget ambitieux pour 2013. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: - Die innenpolitische Lage in Togo im Jahr 2012 war geprägt von den bevorstehenden Parlaments- und Kommunalwahlen und unüberbrückbaren Differenzen zwischen der Regierungspartei einerseits und einer breiten Koalition von Oppositionsparteien und zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen andererseits. Unter der wachsenden Dynamik der regelmäßigen, oft gewaltsam unterdrückten Demonstrationen gegen die Regierung wurde der Aufruf zum Rücktritt von Präsident Faure Gnassingbé und zum politischen Wandel deutlicher. In der Außenpolitik wurde die prowestliche Haltung der Regierung angesichts der wachsenden Bedrohung durch den Terrorismus in der benachbarten Sahelzone zunehmend von internationalen Gebern geschätzt. Vielversprechende Wachstumsperspektiven veranlassten die Regierung, und ihrer Mehrheit im Parlament, ein ehrgeiziges Budget für 2013 zu verabschieden.

We analyzed the processed seed of two varieties of wheat (mila nad bargala) produced in" Uniservis Agro"-stip, 2008-2010. The focus was on their main characteristics which influence the quality of wheat seed (seed purity, percentage, germination energy, overall germinability, mass of 1000 grains, seed moisture and seed health).