Zoology,freshwater Fishes

!The ichthyofauna of the inland waters of Morocco.

A study, based on available literature, has been undertaken on the freshwater fishes of Morocco,
with the aim of establishing a preliminary list of ichthyofauna for this country. Thirty native and 16
introduced species have been found, all of them threatened by various factors, particularly domestic and
industrial pollution, drought, dam building, water diversion, overfishing. Practical measures should be
taken in order to better protect this rich ichthyofauna.

Key words.!-!Ichthyofauna - Morocco - Inland Waters.

Autino, A. G. y Montero, R. 2012. Guía de Vertebrados de Bajo La Alumbrera, Catamarca, Argentina. Minera Alumbrera Limited, 224 pp.  Edición rústica: ISBN 978-987-28792-0-4; Edición cartoné: ISBN 978-987-28792-1-1.

Contiene información sobre las 93 especies más conspicuas de los Vertebrados de la región de Bajo De La Alumbrera (Catamarca, Argentina), incluyendo fotografías, dibujos, su descripción, distribución, biología y estado de conservación.

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Editor – in- Chief , Trends in Biosciences Journal
Editor-in-Chief, Advances in Life Sciences Journal
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Studies on biodiversity drags the attention of scientific world since the wild fauna and flora are the most valuable non- reproducible natural resources-since extinction lead to the loss of gene pool- on Earth. The present study aimed to analyze the diversity and seasonal distribution of Ornamental fishes in Pallickal River and the major physic- chemical parameters influencing their distribution. The period of study was from February 2012 to January 2013. Fish samples and water samples were collected seasonally. Non- seasonal collections were made for assessing the diversity of Piscean population. The specimens were preserved at 5-6% formalin and taxonomic identification was done using standard keys. Water samples were analyzed using standard procedures. One way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the variations among the data obtained for hydrological parameters in different seasons and proved highly significant (P<0.001). 25 fish species were identified belong to 13 families and 8 orders; dominated with Cyprinids, among them barbs. Three Endangered, 7 vulnerable and one critically endangered species were included in the list, with 4 endemic to Kerala, 7 endemic to Western Ghats, 4 endemic to India and 6 endemic to Indian subcontinent. Two brackish water fishes were obtained in the collection. No exotic species were found during the study. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Biodiversity Pro and except McIntosh evenness index, all other indices showed remarkable variation with seasons.

An alphabetic list with the scientific names of all known recent freshwater fish species is presented. Also listed are the English and Dutch vernacular names in use for freshwater fishes and the various English (common) names of the freshwater aquarium fishes.

The aim of this publication is six-fold:
• to list the currently valid and correctly written scientific name of every recent freshwater fish species;
• to stimulate the use of correctly written scientific names;
• to list Dutch and some frequently used English vernacular names of freshwater aquarium fishes and freshwater aquacultural fishes;
• to list some scientific names wrongly used by aquarists;
• to present some aquarium book citations;
• to present an overview of the freshwater and brackish water fishes recorded during the last century in various aquarium books.

Although many scientific names are likely to change with scientific progress, we nevertheless present the list of currently valid scientific names now. This current list can already be used for finding the currently valid names and the correct spelling of these names. Further it cites the use of the names in the aquarium literature and the list also provides an overview of the known species of freshwater fish.

We hope the freshwater fish name list will stimulate the use of correctly written scientific names and bring some stabilization in the use of common names.

A new species of Astyanax from the Rio Paraguac¸u basin, Bahia, Brazil, is described. This new
species is distinguished from its congeners known to occur in Brazilian drainages by the presence
of small bony hooks on all fins of mature males. Furthermore, the new species can be diagnosed
by its colour pattern, which consists of a unique vertically elongated humeral blotch, a conspicuous
dark drop-shaped horizontal blotch over the caudal peduncle, tapering anteriorly and not extending
to the median caudal-fin rays, and by the absence of a conspicuous broad dark midlateral stripe. The
new species differs further by having the greatest body depth just anterior to the dorsal-fin origin,
32–35 perforated scales in the lateral line and a reduced number of branched anal-fin rays (16–20).
Apparently, the new species does not fit into any species complex of Astyanax. The occurrence of
bony hooks on all fins of Astyanax is discussed.

Characidium samurai, a species of the family Crenuchidae apparently endemic to rio das Almas and rio Vermelho basins,
Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species is readily distinguishable from its congeners, except C. lanei, by having a dark
lateral band along the head and body that is particularly broad from the rear of the head to the end of the caudal peduncle (1.5
or 2 scales wide) and by the absence of dark bars or blotches on the ventral half of the body. Characidium samurai differs
from C. lanei by having the lateral band with straight borders overall (vs. lateral band with somewhat irregular borders due
to blotches extending dorsally or ventrally), anal fin ii,7-8 (vs. ii,6), and 4 horizontal scale rows above the lateral line and 4
below (vs. 5/3). It further differs from congeners by a series of features, including isthmus completely covered by scales, lateral
line complete with 34-37 perforated scales, 9 scales on the transversal line, 14 scale rows around the caudal peduncle, anal fin
ii,7-8, and the absence of dark bars or spots on the fins, except by a faded dorsal-fin bar. The presence of pseudotympanum in
four species of Characidium is discussed.

Inorganic arsenic compounds were predominantly used as pesticides, primarily on cotton fields and in orchards. Inorganic arsenic compounds can no longer be used in agriculture. The greatest use of arsenic in alloys is in lead-acid batteries for automobiles. Presently, arsenic is widely used in the electronics industry in the form of gallium arsenide and arsine gas as components in semiconductor devices. Keeping these points in view, the present study is undertaken to study the amount of arsenic in brain, liver and kidney of albino rats after acute and subacute treatments based on median lethal dose in terms of body weight, organ weight and their ratio.

Large hydroelectric projects generally include environmental studies whose purpose is to understand and try to minimize the negative impacts of river damming on the environment. Ideally, these studies should be conducted throughout the entire process of dam construction, from the feasability studies until the possible ecological stabilization of the ecosystems created. At Petit-Saut, the first ichthyologicalstudies, conducted before the beginning of construction, did not contribute to decision making concerning site choice. Studies prior to the filling of the reservoir produced comprehensive data on the knowledge of the systematics and the spatial distribution of the ichtyofauna. They also produced preliminary data on the biology of the main species and, more importantly, enabled the development of two original approaches to this kind of problem: ecology of juveniles and study of life-history strategies of populations. After closure of the dam, these two approaches were broadened so as to contribute to monitoring and the interpretation of changes in fish assemblages. On the whole, the overall contribution of the ichthyological studies on the damed Sinnamary river is extremely valuable. However, some aspects of the environmental studies could be improved and certain recommendations are formulated regarding this aspect.

All of us have seen fish. They are very elegant in their colouration and many people like to keep them as pets. A fish may be identified as an aquatic vertebrate animal whose body may or may not be covered by scales and bears two sets of paired fins and many unpaired fins. fish are cold blooded or ectothermic animals which mean that their body temperature keeps on changing with the temperature of water. fish are distributed in all aquatic habitats ranging from the mountain streams to the deepest oceans. About 32,500 species of fish are known and they together form the largest diversity of the organisms in comparison to other classes of vertebrates. fish are also caught by the fish keepers and are kept in aquaria as a source of decoration. They are also associated with movies, cultures and religions.

The present research was conducted to explore the vertebrate and invertebrate fauna in Khurum dam and Muhabbat Khel dam of district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during the period from April 2016 to December 2016. The Khurum dam and Muhabbat Khel dam having all the vertebrates including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Fishes of both dams include Cyprinus carpio, Crossocheilus diplochielus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Salmophasia bacaila, Aspidoparia morar Ompok pabda Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The family Cyprinidae is dominant in both dams. The Amphibians of both dams include Rana tigrina, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Duttaphrynus melanostictus and Rana tigrina. The Reptiles of Khurum dam are Chamaeleo zeylanicus, Saara hardwickii, Xantusia vigilis Lampropeltis getula and in Muhabbat Khel dam Xantusia vigilis Lampropeltis getula are present. In Khurum dam nine species of birds are present, which is following The family Bovidae of mammals is more abundant in both dams. The invertebrates found in Khurum dam are Sympetrum flaveolum, Pandinus imperator, Pterostichus melanarius, Anex junius, Solenopsis invicta, Hirudo medicinalis and Sceliphron caementarium Vespa velutina, Hirudo medicinalis, Pandinus imperator are present in Muhabbat Khel dam. So from the present study, it may be concluded that Khurum and Muhabbat Khel dams are very suitable for the growth of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Hence our present study will provide useful information about the diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates of the both dams that could be later valuable in systematic and conservation.

A bibliometric analysis was conducted in order to investigate the research trends and needs of the 111 species of Mexican Poeciliidae, Goodeidae and Cyprinidae at risk listed in the Mexican Red List (NOM-­059-­SEMARNAT-­2010) and the IUCN Red List. We search for abstracts from the ISI Web of Knowledge database using comprehensive and accurate terms regarding our targeted species. We obtained temporal variation of publication frequency by species and, classified and analyzed bibliographic records by the main topics following a modified criterion used by the Sociedad Ictiologica Mexicana. Further, we analyzed conservation related topics by states and years to be able to identify spatio-­‐temporal trends of conservation research in Mexico. We found that the scientific production regarding these species was low (Np= 642) and it was mainly focused on cyprinids and basic science topics such as Development and Morphophysiology, Ecology and Genetics and Evolution. Scientific production has increased since the late 80's in all topics excepting Taxonomic studies. Twenty-­six fish species endemic to Mexico did not register any publication, whereas seven species accounted for nearly 50% of the records, being Ameca splendens and Xenotoca eiseni two of the most studied. Other commonly studied species were Poecilia velifera and Girardinichthys multiradiatus. Conservation related research began in 1985 and is practically inexistent in Mexico (Np= 37); it has been conducted almost entirely with goodeids in the Mesa Central region (Jalisco and Michoacan). This study highlights the needing of conduct research with the less studied species (e.g. Allotoca maculata and Xiphophorus gordoni) and encourage their publication due that lack of knowledge about imperiled species limits their conservation. More studies in applied science such as recovering programs, stock enhancement, captive breeding, translocation, habitat restoration, and invasive species control are needed to enhance the current conservation efforts.

A bacia do Recôncavo Sul faz parte das drenagens costeiras do Leste do Brasil, está quase inteiramente
incluída na região do Baixo Sul do Estado da Bahia, é limitada ao norte e noroeste pela bacia do rio Paraguaçu e
ao sul e sudoeste pelo rio de Contas. No presente estudo, um total de 41 espécies de peixes estritamente de água
doce foi registrado, pertencentes a 28 gêneros, 12 famílias e seis ordens (18 Characiformes, 13 Siluriformes,
cinco Perciformes, duas Cyprinodontiformes, duas Gymnotiformes e uma Synbranchiformes). Foram encontradas dez espécies possivelmente ainda não descritas, quatro espécies endêmicas e quatro introduzidas na área de
estudo. Uma espécie presente na área está ameaçada de extinção. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies
conhecidas para o Recôncavo Sul é apresentada, assim como comentários sobre a taxonomia e distribuição de
algumas espécies. Devido à diversidade comparativamente alta e condições ambientais relativamente preservadas,
a bacia do rio das Almas é indicada como uma área chave para conservação.

Analizamos las amenazas y acciones de manejo y conservación de los peces de las familias Poeciliidae, Goodeidae y Cyprinidae enlistados en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Para ello se elaboraron 39 fichas de información con base en la consulta y análisis de 160 publicaciones científicas, 10 libros especializados, 10 tesis y la base de datos de CONABIO. Se obtuvo el porcentaje de especies por cada categoría de riesgo y la cantidad de éstas evaluadas mediante el Método de Evaluación del Riesgo de Extinción (MER). Las amenazas, tanto antropogénicas como naturales, se determinaron a partir de las clasificaciones propuestas por Contreras-Balderas et al. (2003) y la UICN (2011). De las 92 especies en la Norma, el 45% se encuentra en peligro de extinción, el 37% amenazado, el 9% en protección especial y el 10% restante se reporta como extinto en el medio silvestre (8) (casi todas ciprínidos). Sólo 30 especies se evaluaron con el MER, siendo la familia Goodeidae la más evaluada con 17 especies, seguida por Poeciliidae (5) y Cyprinidae (8). De las amenazas contabilizadas, el 87.3% fueron de origen antropogénico y el resto naturales. Las amenazas antrópicas más frecuentes fueron el agotamiento del agua, la modificación del hábitat, la contaminación y la introducción de especies exóticas. Las amenazas naturales más comunes fueron la distribución restringida de los organismos y los disturbios relacionados con el clima y los fenómenos meteorológicos. Sólo una especie (Algansea popoche) se encuentra sujeta a manejo (veda). Entre las acciones de conservación destacan el mantenimiento de poblaciones ex situ (principalmente goodeidos), la reintroducción y los programas de erradicación de especies exóticas. Utilizando la información generada, CONABIO llevará a cabo un taller con expertos para realizar el MER para el resto de las especies y discutir cuáles medidas de protección serían las más eficientes para proteger a las más vulnerables.

A central goal of comparative phylogeography is determining whether codistributed species experienced (1) concerted evolutionary responses to past geological and climatic events, indicated by congruent spatial and temporal patterns (“concerted-response hypothesis”); (2) independent responses, indicated by spatial incongruence (“independent-response hypothesis”); or (3) multiple responses (“multiple-response hypothesis”), indicated by spatial congruence but temporal incongruence (“pseudocongruence”) or spatial and temporal incongruence (“pseudoincongruence”). We tested these competing hypotheses using DNA sequence data from three livebearing fish species codistributed in the Nicaraguan depression of Central America (Alfaro cultratus, Poecilia gillii, and Xenophallus umbratilis) that we predicted might display congruent responses due to co-occurrence in identical freshwater drainages. Spatial analyses recovered different subdivisions of genetic structure for each species, despite shared finer-scale breaks in northwestern Costa Rica (also supported by phylogenetic results). Isolation-with-migration models estimated incongruent timelines of among-region divergences, with A. cultratus and Xenophallus populations diverging over Miocene–mid-Pleistocene while P. gillii populations diverged over mid-late Pleistocene. Approximate Bayesian computation also lent substantial support to multiple discrete divergences over a model of simultaneous divergence across shared spatial breaks (e.g., Bayes factor [B10] = 4.303 for Ψ [no. of divergences] > 1 vs. Ψ = 1). Thus, the data support phylogeographic pseudoincongruence consistent with the multiple-response hypothesis. Model comparisons also indicated incongruence in historical demography, for example, support for intraspecific late Pleistocene population growth was unique to P. gillii, despite evidence for finer-scale population expansions in the other taxa. Empirical tests for phylogeographic congruence indicate that multiple evolutionary responses to historical events have shaped the population structure of freshwater species codistributed within the complex landscapes in/around the Nicaraguan depression. Recent community assembly through different routes (i.e., different past distributions or colonization routes), and intrinsic ecological differences among species, has likely contributed to the unique phylogeographical patterns displayed by these Neotropical fishes.

Data on specific features of the seismosensory system of the Lower Amur grayling Thymallus
tugarinae from the Anyui River (basin of the Lower Amur) are provided. According to the number of openings
in canals of the seismosensory system, individuals from the middle course significantly differ from graylings
from the lower course in greater values of interpopulation diversity and fluctuating asymmetry. According to
the number of pores of canals of the seismosensory system, the Lower Amur grayling differs from the East
Siberian T. arcticus pallasi, Kamchatka T. a. mertensii, and Alaska T. a. signifer graylings.

Abstract We used DNA analysis of the freshwater Galaxias vulgaris complex (Pisces: Galaxiidae) to test a geological hypothesis of drainage evolution in South Island, New Zealand. Geological evidence suggests that the presently north-flowing Nevis River branch of the Clutha/Kawarau River system (Otago) once flowed south into the Nokomai branch of the Mataura system (Southland). The flow reversal is thought to have resulted from fault and fold activity associated with post-Miocene uplift. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data (control region and cytochrome b genes; 76 individuals; maximum divergence 7.1%) corroborate this geomorphological hypothesis: The Nevis River retains a freshwater fish species (Galaxias gollumoides; five sites; 10 haplotypes) that is otherwise restricted to Southland (nine sites; 15 haplotypes). There is no indication that the Nevis River lineage of G. gollumoides lives elsewhere in the Clutha/Kawarau system (> 30 sites). Likewise, two widespread Clutha lineages (G. ‘sp’ D; G. anomalus–G. pullus) are apparently absent from the Nevis (> 30 sites). In particular, G. ‘sp D’ lives throughout much of the Clutha (12 sites, 23 haplotypes), including a tributary of the Kawarau, but is absent from the Nevis itself. Conventional molecular clock calibrations (based on a minimum Nevis-Mataura haplotype divergence of 3.0%) indicate that the Nevis flow reversal may have occurred in the early-mid Pleistocene, which is roughly consistent with geological data. The broad phylogeographic structure evident in the Clutha system is consistent with the sedentary nature of nonmigratory galaxiids. Our study reinforces the value of combining biological and geological data for the formulation and testing of historical hypotheses.