hydrologic model

Watershed management and early warning flood forecasting system is becoming more and more important especially in relation to anticipated climate change. The characteristics and the validation of the Cetemps HYdrological Model (CHYM) developed by the hydrological group of the Cetemps Center of Excellence are described. CHYM is a grid based model and the main physical processes concerning the hydrological cycle are implemented in the model (Todini and Ciarrapica, 2002; Sorooshian et al., 1995). In the preprocessing phase different data sources are assimilated by the model in order to reconstruct precipitation field on the area of interest. At the moment the available data are the observed rain gauge values, the forecasted MM5 precipitation fields and the satellite rainfall estimation (Grimes et al., 2003). This multisources data acquisition system using observed and forecasted data makes it possible to simulate a time window that span from few days before the event to few days after....

The Integrated Northern Tampa Bay (INTB) model application was developed using the Integrated Hydrologic Model (IHM) simulation engine to improve hydrologic assessment capabilities in a 10,000 square kilometer region of west -central Florida. IHM uses the EPA HSPF model to simulate surface-water processes and the US Geological Survey model MODFLOW to simulate ground-water processes. With near simultaneous integration of HSPF

In September 2009, Tropical Storm Ketsana (local name: TS Ondoy) hit the Manila metropolitan area (Metro Manila) and brought an anomalous volume of rain that exceeded the Philippines’ forty-year meteorological record. The storm caused exceptionally high and extensive flooding. Part of this study was a survey conducted along the stretch of the Marikina River, one of the major rivers that flooded. Post event resident interviews were used to reconstruct the flooding in the absence of stream gauge data. Hydraulic and hydrologic modeling were carried out to understand the mechanism that brought the flood. Peak floods occurred at different hours along the river resulting from the transmission of water from the main watershed to the downstream areas. Modeled peak flood and flood timing coincided well with actual observations except for downstream stations where actual peak floods were observed to have occurred at a later time. Compounding factors such as other flood sources and stream back...

Point scale measurements of infiltration and plot scale measurements of infiltration and runoff were made on three, 2 m by 6 m, rainfall simulator plots on an instrumented sub-watershed within the USDAARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). Point measurements were made at three different pressure heads using a tension infiltrometer. Plot scale infiltration and runoff measurements were made using a variable intensity rainfall simulator at a range of intensities and two different soil moisture conditions. A distributed, process-based hydrologic model was used along with measured plot characteristics to determine distributed infiltration parameters using the plots as micro-watersheds. The objective of the study was to determine if tension infiltrometer measurements would lead to similar estimates of infiltration and hydraulic conductivity as the rainfall simulator measurements. Differences in infiltration rate and calculated hydraulic conductivity values were found between the ...

The Brazilian Cerrado biome (BCB) is among 25 biodiversity hotspots identified worldwide, and covers the recharge area of important aquifers and rivers in South America. The increase in deforestation has been threatening water availability in this region. In order to assist in the water-resource management of the BCB, this study models the daily streamflow in a basin of the Cerrado, using two approaches: a process-based model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool-SWAT) and the data-driven model (Artificial Neural Network-ANN). The performance of the models was evaluated by the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R 2) and flow-duration-curves (FDC). The results indicate that SWAT (NSE > 0.61; R 2 > 0.68) and ANN (NSE > 0.91; R 2 > 0.79) models are suitable tools in daily streamflow modeling of the studied basin, with the ANN model being the most accurate. Based on FDC, the ANN model was also better than the SWAT model for all frequencies evaluated. Thus, the ANN model is a promising new approach for daily streamflow modelling in this region. Moreover, the results of this study can help water-resource managers in planning and implementing appropriate water allocation and conservation measures in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Keywords: brazilian savannah, hydrologic model, water resources.

Flood warning and forecasting could be one of the most effective non-structural procedures in managing floods that decreases the risks and disasters floods may cause. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the application of RS and GIS techniques associated with hydrological model related to flood forecasting. To achieve the aim, Madarsoo river basin as a flood prone region in Golestan province was selected. Since the rainfall on 10th August 2005 caused flood in the region, the images of NOAA/AVHRR satellite for the mentioned date was chosen to collect. Several distinguished stages were carried out during the research. First, all layers were prepared in GIS environment so that to be entered in Geo-database. Second, spatial database of parameters including; stream, cross sections, direction of runoff, banks and ModClark grid precipitation model were created and placed into the hydrologic model. In order to identify and classify clouds and estimate the rainfall data provided by ...

Although data available from various earth observation systems have been routinely used in many resource applications, however there have been gaps, and data needs of applications at different levels of details have not been met. There is a growing demand for availability of data at higher repetivity, at higher spatial resolution, in more and narrower spectral bands etc. Some of the thrust areas of applications particularly in the Indian context are; Management of natural resources to ensure sustainable increase in agricultural production, Study the state of the environment, its monitoring and assessment of the impact of. various development actions on the environment, Updating and generation of large scale topographical maps. Exploration/exploitation of marine and mineral resources and Operational meteorology and studying various land and oceanic processes to understand/predict global climate changes. Each of these thrust area of application has many components, related to basic re...

Abstract: The impact of livestock grazing on water quality, especially erosion and sedimentation, is an important concern in the southwestern United States. In response to Federal and State regulations, Best Management Practices (BMPs) for rangeland ...

... Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. Permissions & Reprints. Validation of a large scale hydrological model with data fields retrieved from reflective and thermal optical remote sensing data – A case study for the Upper Rhine Valley. ...

Genetic Programming is able to systematically explore many alternative model structures of different complexity from available input and response data. We hypothesised that genetic programming can be used to test the structure hydrological models and to identify dominant processes in hydrological systems. To test this, genetic programming was used to analyse a data set from a lysimeter experiment in southeastern

Managing forested wetland landscapes for water quality improvement and productivity requires a detailed understanding of functional linkages between ecohydrological processes and management practices. Watershed studies are being conducted at USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest, South Carolina, to understand the fundamental hydrologic and biogeochemical processes and their linkages with soils, vegetation, topography, climate, and management practices in the low gradient