layer treatment

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the physical and physiological qualities and productivity of corn seeds, a variety UFVM 100 Native, produced in plots fertilized in top dressing with different levels of poultry waste. The experiment was organized in a randomized block design, with six treatments and four repetitions, totaling 24 plots. The treatments consisted of the application of 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 t/ha of tanned poultry waste. The seeds were subjected to the following evaluations: uniformity test, thousand seed weight, germination, vigor (first germination count, accelerated aging, soilless cold test, percentage, and emergence rate in sand), and productivity. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the effects of different dosages of poultry waste on the variables considered. The quality of seeds was not influenced by the effects of different levels of fertilization. Among the dosages used, 7.5 t/ha is recommended because it provides a greater increase in produ...

Physiological quality and vigor of the seeds comprise properties that determine a high level of activity and performance during germination and seedling emergence, having a direct relation with the establishment of the stand of a crop. In this context, the assessment of seedling development, including the analysis of the seed reserves mobilization are a reliable method to investigate the physiological potential of seed lots. In this preliminary study, the aim was to investigate the dynamics of seed reserves mobilization of a sample of soybean commercial cultivars. By means of the seedling length bioassay and weight of dry matter of seeds, cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles, information on the reserves mobilization during the germination process was obtained. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Scott and Knott test, and afterwards, phenotypic correlations between traits were obtained. The results have shown that the dry matter of seeds, reserves reduction of seeds and dr...

Germination is a biological process that depends on adequate water supply to embryo development. Water deficit slows this process and depending on intensity and extent of this deficit may cause seed death. Nevertheless, it has not yet been reported whether seed size influences physiological potential, or tolerance to water stress. This study aimed at assessing the effects of seed size, as well as of water stress on germination of the seeds and on early soybean seedling development. The experiment was composed by seeds of 10 soybean cultivars classified by metallic screens with three sizes of oval holes (S12, S13 and S14) and subjected to three water potentials (0, -0.1, and -0.2 MPa), with four replications. Data on genotypes were grouped as replications and arranged on a factorial 3 x 3 (size x water potential), with 40 replications. Data assessed were: first and final count of germination; length and seedling dry weight; and correlation between length/mass of radicle and hypocotyl...

Development of new technologies, aiming at increasing productivity in different crops, involves constant research on the effectiveness and application of these techniques in seed treatment. In this study, it was aimed at evaluating physiological potential of rice seeds treated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (strains DFs185, DFs223, DFs306, DFs416), or with two dosages of the insecticide thiamethoxam. The variables assessed were: germination (G); first count of germination (FCG); cold test (CT); length of seedlings aerial parts (LAP), root system (LRS), and total length (TL); emergence speed index (ESI); emergence (E), at 14 days; and dry phytomass (DP). Treatments have had a positive effect on percentage of G, FCG and E. The strain DFs185 has promoted increase in percentage emergence, for five of the six lots assessed. The variables: LAP; LRS; TL; ESI; and DP have undergone low or none influence of treatments; and there has been no toxic effect of rhizobacteria or ...

Physiological quality and vigor of the seeds comprise properties that determine a high level of activity and performance during germination and seedling emergence, having a direct relation with the establishment of the stand of a crop. In this context, the assessment of seedling development, including the analysis of the seed reserves mobilization are a reliable method to investigate the physiological potential of seed lots. In this preliminary study, the aim was to investigate the dynamics of seed reserves mobilization of a sample of soybean commercial cultivars. By means of the seedling length bioassay and weight of dry matter of seeds, cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles, information on the reserves mobilization during the germination process was obtained. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Scott and Knott test, and afterwards, phenotypic correlations between traits were obtained. The results have shown that the dry matter of seeds, reserves reduction of seeds and dr...

The aim of this study was to define the influence of treatments with different seed spray volumes and their effects on the physical and physiological quality. The soybean seeds from cultivars NA 5909 RG and BMX Potência RR were used and three lots of each cultivar were selected in sieves of different diameters (5.5; 6.0 and 6.5 mm). The treatments consisted of different seed volumes: 1) non-treated seeds; 2) 600 mL.100 kg of seeds-1; 3) 800 mL.100 kg of seeds-1; 4) 1000 mL.100 kg of seeds-1; 5) 1200 mL.100 kg of seeds-1; 6) 1400 mL.100 kg of seeds-1. The physical parameters evaluated were mechanical damage, water content and variations in the length and width of the seeds. The physiological seed quality was determined by germination, first count germination, length and dry weight of seedlings, field emergence and emergence speed index tests. In terms of use of the product in liquid form, it is possible to use the treatment in spray volumes up to 1400 mL.100 kg seed-1, regardless the...

New technologies are being incorporated to the seed treatment process, such as the use of products on industrial scale. This study aimed at evaluating the seed quality of wheat cultivars, as well as the influence of the seed treatment method on the establishment and yield of this crop. Seeds of the cultivars Jadeite 11, Quartzo and Tec Frontale were treated with the Spectro® fungicide (difenoconazole - 200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds), Cruiser Opti® insecticide (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin - 200 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds) and Polifix G4 polymer (100 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds). A completely randomized design, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of industrial treatment, on farm treatment with the same products and control. Germination, first germination count and moisture content tests were carried out immediately after the seed treatment and at 30, 90 and 150 days of storage. Seedling emergence in beds was evaluated at 30, 60 and 120 days of storage. Under a randomized bloc...

The use of an appropriate method that accurately expresses physiological seed quality and minimizes possible phytotoxicity by chemical products in laboratory testing with soybean seeds is relevant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence and infer the method adequacy for the representative evaluation of physiological quality of soybean seeds treated with phytosanitary products. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with trial 1 in a 9×5 factorial scheme involving nine seed treatments, including fungicides and insecticides, and solutions with five osmotic potentials (0, -0.25, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) for wetting a paper substrate in a germination experiment, with evaluation of the normal seedlings at five and eight days after sowing. The second experiment consisted of a 9×7 factorial, with nine seed treatments and seven methods for germination evaluation at 5 days (between paper - BP, between sand - BS, between paper with water restric...

Seed companies use vigor tests in their internal seed quality control procedures. Therefore, it is necessary to choose effective methods to obtain quick responses for making decisions related to the handling, disposal and marketing of seed lots. Thus, the objective of this work was to adapt a methodology for the accelerated aging test in soybean seeds. Sixty-nine lots were used and the experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications. For the initial characterization of the lots, water content was determined, germination test and field emergence. The soybean seed lots selected based on the initial characterization, were submitted to the standard accelerated aging methodology and twenty-one adapted methodologies. After the physiological characterization of the 69 lots, 24 lots with similar germination with different levels of vigor were selected. For adapted methodologies that used only distilled water inside the gerbox box, there was an increase in the wate...

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide that is transported within the plant through its cells and can activate various physiological reactions such as protein expression. These proteins interact with defense mechanisms against stress in adverse growing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thiamethoxam in rice seeds and the potential benefits that it can provide. Two experiments were carried out and, in both, seeds were treated with commercial product containing 350 g of thiamethoxam active ingredient per liter of product, at doses 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL.100 kg-1 of seeds: 1) it was conducted with three lots of IRGA BR 424 cultivar rice seeds, which were submitted to the following laboratory tests: germination, cold test, accelerated aging test, as well as field assessment: total seedling length, root system length, number of panicles and productivity; 2) four lots of IRGA BR 424 cultivar rice seeds, two high and two low-vigor, were subjected to ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of rocket; the research was done at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and greenhouse of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Four lots of the cultivar "Antonella'' were tested for following features: initial and final moisture content, germination rate, first count of germination, accelerated aging with saline solution, dry matter contents, seedling shoot and root length, emergence speed index, emergence of seedlings in substrate, electrical conductivity and sanitary condition. A completely randomized design with four replications was used for all tests done and means were compared by Tukey test (P≤0.05). For all tests performed it was concluded that despite changes in the ranking of the best lots, there was agreement regarding the indication of the inferiority of the lot 3 in all tests and it was also observed that the incidence of fungi associat...

Soybean is one of the crops worldwide cultivated, and although it is usually commercialized quantitatively, qualitative characteristics of its production are highlighted, particularly oil and protein content, which is important for human and animal nutrition besides higher industrial yields in the synthesis of its derivatives. This study assessed the quality seed changes of soybean cultivated under different potassium rates in an Oxisol under no-tillage system in Floresta, Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment designed was in complete randomized blocks composed of a cross factorial (5 × 2) with four replicates. It was carried out in two growing seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) totaling 40 experimental units. The rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of K) corresponded to the first factor and sowing fertilization (0 and 30 kg ha-1 of K) was the second factor. Seed electrical conductivity, water content, seed K leaching, seed K content, oil and protein content, seed density, seed mas...

This study evaluated the physiological quality and quantified the efficiency of polymer in reducing the loss of phytosanitary products by leaching from soybean seeds of different diameters and in different treatments. Two lots of seed and two types of treatments were tested: polymers associated with seed treatment, and polymer application in layers after the seed treatment. For that, the following treatments were analyzed: Control= no seed treatment; Treat+pol= seed treatment + polymers in the mix; Treat/pol= seed treatment + polymers applied in layers; Treat= seed treatment. To evaluate seed treatment retention by the polymers, extraction equipment was employed and leaching of the active ingredient thiamethoxam was quantified. Evaluation of physical quality was conducted with tests of germination rate, first count, emergence rate, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry mass and moisture content. Polymer application associated with seed treatment was efficient in reducing ...

This study evaluated the physiological quality and quantified the efficiency of polymer in reducing the loss of phytosanitary products by leaching from soybean seeds of different diameters and in different treatments. Two lots of seed and two types of treatments were tested: polymers associated with seed treatment, and polymer application in layers after the seed treatment. For that, the following treatments were analyzed: Control= no seed treatment; Treat+pol= seed treatment + polymers in the mix; Treat/pol= seed treatment + polymers applied in layers; Treat= seed treatment. To evaluate seed treatment retention by the polymers, extraction equipment was employed and leaching of the active ingredient thiamethoxam was quantified. Evaluation of physical quality was conducted with tests of germination rate, first count, emergence rate, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry mass and moisture content. Polymer application associated with seed treatment was efficient in reducing losses by leaching, reducing product loss by 20%. No significant differences in retention and physiological quality were found when different methods for polymer application were compared. Bigger seeds presented greater vigor, but the germination rate was unaffected.