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Breeding biology of Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis in the Tadla lowland (Central Morocco): a comparative analysis with Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur. The breeding biology of Laughing Dove was studied in 2008 in Tadla olive and orange groves. A comparative analysis with Turtle Dove was carried out. Laughing Doves have occupied only olive groves. The species built their nests at an average height of 2.58 ± 0.09 m (n = 21) from the ground, and at 1.67 ± 0.19 m from the trunk, at 2.12 ± 0.24 m from the lowest part of the canopy and at 2.17 ± 0.24 m from the external part of the canopy. Egg-laying started during the first weeks of February (day 10), with the latest recorded during the last weeks of July. Egg-laying lasted about six months with peaks noted respectively in first weeks of April (28.3%, n = 21) and July (14.3%). Average clutch size was 1.92 ± 0.08 eggs per nest, clutches of two eggs were dominant (90.5%, n = 21). Nest desertion (40.0%, n = 10) and nest destruction...

Ibn Battuta’s narrative (1304−1369) the author described a trip which he made in 1334 from Azack to Madzhar and Bishdag area following the Uzbek Khan’s headquarters. What attracted his attention there was a hot mineral spring with healing properties. Ibn Battuta gave a description of the feast of Ramadan, which means that it took place in Uzbek Khan’s headquarters beyond settlements. Ibn Battuta’s text doesn’t allow localizing either the Uzbek Khan’s headquarters or the venue of the feast of Ramadan in 1334. The attempts made by T.B.Palimpsestova, A.P.Runich and Y.I.Narozhnyi leave out the information from the Ibn Battuta’s narrative that the feast was held in nomads’ camp in the vicinity of mineral springs and the Pyatigorye mountains. The feast might have been held in the territory of the Podkumok river valley, which is bounded by Mashuk, Beshtau, Zheleznaya, Razvalka and Zmaika mountains–laccoliths. The territory can accommodate plenty of people, animals, marquees and bullock carts. The boundaries of the Bishdag area approximately could have matched the territory of the Mineral water column slope, which is located between the Stavropol Upland and the Pasture ridge in the interfluves of the Kuban, the Kuma and the Terek rivers.

Text Mining is an important step of Knowledge Discovery process. It is used to extract hidden information from not-structured or semi-structured data. This aspect is fundamental because most of the Web information is semistructured due to the nested structure of HTML code, is linked and is redundant. Web Text Mining helps whole knowledge mining process in mining, extraction and integration of useful data, information and knowledge from Web page contents. Web Text Mining process able to discover knowledge in a distributed and heterogeneous multi-organization environment. In this paper, our basic focus is to study the concept of Text Mining and various techniques. Here, we are able to determine how to mine the Plain as well as Structured Text. It also describes the major ways in which text is mined when the input is plain natural language, rather than partially-structured Web documents.

... Ninety years of data records (1911-2000) were used in calibrating (training) and validating theneural network model. ... Table 3 Comparison of 2001 seasonal reference ET values for alfalfa. ... The measured data are part of a project to determine the levels and sources of salinity in ...