Delphi Complete Poetical Works of W. E. Henley (Illustrated)

William Ernest Henley

(1849-1903)

Contents

The Life and Poetry of William Ernest Henley

Brief Introduction: William Ernest Henley by William Price James

Complete Poetical Works of William Ernest Henley

The Poems

List of Poems in Chronological Order

List of Poems in Alphabetical Order

The Plays

Deacon Brodie (1892)

Beau Austin (1892)

Admiral Guinea (1892)

Robert Macaire (1892)

The Non-Fiction

Views and Reviews (1890)

The Biography

William Ernest Henley (1912) by Thomas Finlayson Henderson

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William Ernest Henley

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William Ernest Henley - Delphi Poets Series

First published in the United Kingdom in 2020 by Delphi Classics.

© Delphi Classics, 2020.

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ISBN: 978 1 91348 731 7

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The Life and Poetry of William Ernest Henley

‘View of Gloucester’ by Thomas Hearne, c. 1805 — Henley was born in Gloucester on 23 August 1849. His mother was Mary Morgan, a descendant of poet and critic Joseph Warton, and his father was William, a bookseller and stationer.

Gloucester, a cathedral city in the South West of England

Brief Introduction: William Ernest Henley by William Price James

From ‘1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 13’

WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY, (1849–1903), British poet, critic and editor, was born on the 23rd of August 1849 at Gloucester, and was educated at the Crypt Grammar School in that city. The school was a sort of Cinderella sister to the Cathedral School, and Henley indicated its shortcomings in his article (Pall Mall Magazine, Nov. 1900) on T. E. Brown the poet, who was headmaster there for a brief period. Brown’s appointment, uncongenial to himself, was a stroke of luck for Henley, for whom, as he said, it represented a first acquaintance with a man of genius. He was singularly kind to me at a moment when I needed kindness even more than I needed encouragement. Among other kindnesses Brown did him the essential service of lending him books. To the end Henley was no classical scholar, but his knowledge and love of literature were vital. Afflicted with a physical infirmity, he found himself in 1874, at the age of twenty-five, an inmate of the hospital at Edinburgh. From there he sent to the Cornhill Magazine poems in irregular rhythms, describing with poignant force his experiences in hospital. Leslie Stephen, then editor, being in Edinburgh, visited his contributor in hospital and took Robert Louis Stevenson, another recruit of the Cornhill, with him. The meeting between Stevenson and Henley, and the friendship of which it was the beginning, form one of the best-known episodes in recent literature (see especially Stevenson’s letter to Mrs Sitwell, Jan. 1875, and Henley’s poems An Apparition and Envoy to Charles Baxter). In 1877 Henley went to London and began his editorial career by editing London, a journal of a type more usual in Paris than London, written for the sake of its contributors rather than of the public. Among other distinctions it first gave to the world The New Arabian Nights of Stevenson. Henley himself contributed to his journal a series of verses chiefly in old French forms. He had been writing poetry since 1872, but (so he told the world in his advertisement to his collected Poems, 1898) he found himself about 1877 so utterly unmarketable that he had to own himself beaten in art and to addict himself to journalism for the next ten years. After the decease of London, he edited the Magazine of Art from 1882 to 1886. At the end of that period he came before the public as a poet. In 1887 Mr Gleeson White made for the popular series of Canterbury Poets (edited by Mr William Sharp) a selection of poems in old French forms. In his selection Mr Gleeson White included a considerable number of pieces from London, and only after he had completed the selection did he discover that the verses were all by one hand, that of Henley. In the following year, Mr H. B. Donkin in his volume Voluntaries, done for an East End hospital, included Henley’s unrhymed rhythms quintessentializing the poet’s memories of the old Edinburgh Infirmary. Mr Alfred Nutt read these, and asked for more; and in 1888 his firm published A Book of Verse. Henley was by this time well known in a restricted literary circle, and the publication of this volume determined for them his fame as a poet, which rapidly outgrew these limits, two new editions of this volume being called for within three years. In this same year (1888) Mr Fitzroy Bell started the Scots Observer in Edinburgh, with Henley as literary editor, and early in 1889 Mr Bell left the conduct of the paper to him. It was a weekly review somewhat on the lines of the old Saturday Review, but inspired in every paragraph by the vigorous and combative personality of the editor. It was transferred soon after to London as the National Observer, and remained under Henley’s editorship until 1893. Though, as Henley confessed, the paper had almost as many writers as readers, and its fame was mainly confined to the literary class, it was a lively and not uninfluential feature of the literary life of its time. Henley had the editor’s great gift of discerning promise, and the "Men of the Scots Observer," as Henley affectionately and characteristically called his band of contributors, in most instances justified his insight. The paper found utterance for the growing imperialism of its day, and among other services to literature gave to the world Mr Kipling’s Barrack-Room Ballads. In 1890 Henley published Views and Reviews, a volume of notable criticisms, described by himself as less a book than a mosaic of scraps and shreds recovered from the shot rubbish of some fourteen years of journalism. The criticisms, covering a wide range of authors (except Heine and Tolstoy, all English and French), though wilful and often one-sided were terse, trenchant and picturesque, and remarkable for insight and gusto. In 1892 he published a second volume of poetry, named after the first poem, The Song of the Sword, but on the issue of the second edition (1893) re-christened London Voluntaries after another section. Stevenson wrote that he had not received the same thrill of poetry since Mr Meredith’s Joy of Earth and Love in the Valley, and he did not know that that was so intimate and so deep. I did not guess you were so great a magician. These are new tunes; this is an undertone of the true Apollo. These are not verse; they are poetry. In 1892 Henley published also three plays written with Stevenson — Beau Austin, Deacon Brodie and Admiral Guinea. In 1895 followed Macaire, afterwards published in a volume with the other plays. Deacon Brodie was produced in Edinburgh in 1884 and later in London. Beerbohm Tree produced Beau Austin at the Haymarket on the 3rd of November 1890 and Macaire at His Majesty’s on the 2nd of May 1901. Admiral Guinea also achieved stage performance. In the meantime Henley was active in the magazines and did notable editorial work for the publishers: the Lyra Heroica, 1891; A Book of English Prose (with Mr Charles Whibley), 1894; the centenary Burns (with Mr T. F. Henderson) in 1896–1897, in which Henley’s Essay (published separately 1898) roused considerable controversy. In 1892 he undertook for Mr Nutt the general editorship of the Tudor Translations; and in 1897 began for Mr Heinemann an edition of Byron, which did not proceed beyond one volume of letters. In 1898 he published a collection of his Poems in one volume, with the autobiographical advertisement above quoted; in 1899 London Types, Quatorzains to accompany Mr William Nicolson’s designs; and in 1900 during the Boer War, a patriotic poetical brochure, For England’s Sake. In 1901 he published a second volume of collected poetry with the title Hawthorn and Lavender, uniform with the volume of 1898. In 1902 he collected his various articles on painters and artists and published them as a companion volume of Views and Reviews: Art. These with A Song of Speed printed in May 1903 within two months of his death make up his tale of work. At the close of his life he was engaged upon his edition of the Authorized Version of the Bible for his series of Tudor Translations. There remained uncollected some of his scattered articles in periodicals and reviews, especially the series of literary articles contributed to the Pall Mall Magazine from 1899 until his death. These contain the most outspoken utterances of a critic never mealy-mouthed, and include the splenetic attack on the memory of his dead friend R. L. Stevenson, which aroused deep regret and resentment. In 1894 Henley lost his little six-year-old daughter Margaret; he had borne the bludgeonings of chance with the unconquerable soul of which he boasted, not unjustifiably, in a well-known poem; but this blow broke his heart. With the knowledge of this fact, some of these outbursts may be better understood; yet we have the evidence of a clear-eyed critic who knew Henley well, that he found him more generous, more sympathetic at the close of his life than he had been before. He died on the 11th of July 1903. In spite of his too boisterous mannerism and prejudices, he exercised by his originality, independence and fearlessness an inspiring and inspiriting influence on the higher class of journalism. This influence he exercised by word of mouth as well as by his pen, for he was a famous talker, and figures as Burly in Stevenson’s essay on Talk and Talkers. As critic he was a good hater and a good fighter. His virtue lay in his vital and vitalizing love of good literature, and the vivid and pictorial phrases he found to give it expression. But his fame must rest on his poetry. He excelled alike in his delicate experiments in complicated metres, and the strong impressionism of Hospital Sketches and London Voluntaries. The influence of Heine may be discerned in these unrhymed rhythms; but he was perhaps a truer and more successful disciple of Heine in his snatches of passionate song, the best of which should retain their place in English literature.

See also references in Stevenson’s Letters; Cornhill Magazine (1903) (Sidney Low); Fortnightly Review (August 1892) (Arthur Symons); and for bibliography, English Illustrated Magazine, vol. xxix. .  (W. P. J.) 

Henley as a young man

Margaret Emma Henley (1888-1894) was the daughter of Henley and his wife Anna Henley (née Boyle). Margaret’s friendship with J. M. Barrie was the inspiration for the character Wendy Darling in ‘Peter Pan; or, The Boy Who Wouldn’t Grow Up’ (1904). Margaret died at the age of five of cerebral meningitis and was buried at the country estate of her father’s friend, Henry Cust, in Cockayne Hatley, Bedfordshire.  She was Henley’s only child.

Henley’s friend, J. M. Barrie by Herbert Rose Barraud, 1892

George Butterworth (1885-1916) was an English composer best known for the orchestral idyll ‘The Banks of Green Willow’ and his song settings of A. E. Housman’s ‘A Shropshire Lad’. Butterworth set four of Henley’s poems to music in his 1912 song cycle ‘Love Blows as the Wind Blows’. Henley’s poem, Pro Rege Nostro, became popular during the First World War as a piece of patriotic verse, containing the following refrain ‘What have I done for you, England, my England? What is there I would not do, England my own?’

Illustration of Henley by Sir Leslie Ward, which appeared in ‘Vanity Fair’ on 26 November 1892

William Ernest Henley by Francis Dodd, 1900

Complete Poetical Works of William Ernest Henley

CONTENTS

IN HOSPITAL (1875)

I. ENTER PATIENT

II. WAITING

III. INTERIOR

IV. BEFORE

V. OPERATION

VI. AFTER

VII. VIGIL

VIII. STAFF-NURSE: OLD STYLE

IX. LADY-PROBATIONER

X. STAFF-NURSE: NEW STYLE

XI. CLINICAL

XII. ETCHING

XIII. CASUALTY

XIV. AVE CAESER!

XV. ‘THE CHIEF’

XVI. HOUSE-SURGEON

XVII. INTERLUDE

XVIII. CHILDREN: PRIVATE WARD

XIX. SCRUBBER

XX. VISITOR

XXI. ROMANCE

XXII. PASTORAL

XXIII. MUSIC

XXIV. SUICIDE

XXV. APPARITION

XXVI. ANTEROTICS

XXVII. NOCTURN

XXVIII. DISCHARGED

ENVOY. TO CHARLES BAXTER

THE SONG OF THE SWORD (1890)

THE SONG OF THE SWORD

ARABIAN NIGHTS’ ENTERTAINMENTS (1893)

ARABIAN NIGHTS’ ENTERTAINMENTS

CONTRIBUTIONS TO BALLADES AND RONDEAUS, CHANTS ROYAL, SESTINAS, VILLANELLES (1888)

BALLADE OF ANTIQUE DANCES.

BALLADE OF JUNE.

BALLADE OF LADIES’ NAMES.

BALLADE OF SPRING.

BALLADE OF MIDSUMMER DAYS AND NIGHTS.

BALLADE OF YOUTH AND AGE.

VARIATIONS.

RONDEL.

MY LOVE TO ME.

WITH STRAWBERRIES.

A FLIRTED FAN.

IN ROTTEN ROW.

THE LEAVES ARE SERE.

WITH A FAN FROM RIMMEL’S.

IF I WERE KING.

HER LITTLE FEET.

WHEN YOU ARE OLD.

TRIOLET, AFTER CATULLUS.

VILLANELLE.

VILLANELLE.

VILLANELLE.

VILLON’S STRAIGHT TIP TO ALL CROSS COVES.

CULTURE IN THE SLUMS.

I. RONDEAU.

II. VILLANELLE.

III. BALLADE.

BRIC-À-BRAC (1888)

BALLADE OF A TOYOKUNI COLOUR-PRINT

BALLADE (DOUBLE REFRAIN) OF YOUTH AND AGE

BALLADE (DOUBLE REFRAIN) OF MIDSUMMER DAYS AND NIGHTS

BALLADE OF DEAD ACTORS

BALLADE MADE IN THE HOT WEATHER

BALLADE OF TRUISMS

DOUBLE BALLADE OF LIFE AND FATE

DOUBLE BALLADE OF THE NOTHINGNESS OF THINGS

AT QUEENSFERRY

ORIENTALE

IN FISHERROW

BACK-VIEW

CROLUIS

ATTADALE WEST HIGHLANDS

FROM A WINDOW IN PRINCES STREET

IN THE DIALS

THE GODS ARE DEAD

TO F. W.