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Remote, Proximal Sensing and Geophysics for Cultural Heritage Knowledge and Conservation (Second Edition)

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3792

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: applied geophysics; TIR remote sensing; proximal sensing; natural hazards; cultural heritage; archaeological prospection; buildings and civil structures monitoring
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: applied and engineering geology; groundwater and environmental related issues; archeology; cultural heritage; microzonation and local site effects; deep mining and geophysical data analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
Interests: geophysical survey; archaeological prospection; seismic; site effect; ambient noise; microtremor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
Interests: applied geophysics; archaeo geophysics; landscape geophysics; ground penetrating radar; electrical resistivity tomography; electromagnetic (EM) induction method; integrated geophysical methods; archaeological prospections; inverse problems; photogrammetry; remote sensing and GIS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: applied geophysics; ground-based radar interferometry; vibration analysis; microtremor methods; non-destructive testing and micro-geophysics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are launching the second Special Issue of Remote Sensing to be released under the title “Remote, Proximal Sensing and Geophysics for Cultural Heritage Knowledge and Conservation”.

The use of non-invasive sensing techniques to explore the internal and superficial structures of precious and delicate targets is becoming a very important research field in the context of cultural heritage knowledge and conservation. Moreover, the capability to infer the changes in geometrical and physical properties across the inspected surfaces or volumes is the unifying tool that allows researchers to discover new historical sites or to image their spatial extension and material features at different scales, with applications ranging from landscapes to artifacts.

Knowledge and documentation issues associated with cultural heritage assets require reliable, non-invasive techniques that jointly provide a fundamental tool in order to assure the preservation of these assets and to collect more comprehensive information.

Based on analogous physical principles and similar knowledge goals, diagnostics can work alone or in integrated protocols across different scales. Satellite and aerial remote sensing of exposed surfaces (and the immediate subsurface) at potential cultural heritage sites are often integrated by geophysical imaging of the shallowest layers of the inspected medium in order to reconstruct underground/underwater features of potential interest. Automated high-resolution geophysical measurement systems have been developed in the last decades, with application varying epending on the dimensions of the sites and the logistics. Recently, diagnostics have been customized for application to small targets such as historical building elements or decorative finishes, paintings, statues or ancient papers. In some cases, the contribution of the so-called micro-geophysical methods is still relevant to the documentation of cultural sites. Proximal sensing techniques are very feasible methods to be chosen for very thin targets. In some of these cases, proximal sensing techniques can work in rare configurations like transmission modes.

Geophysical and micro-geophysical methods are also very useful to assess conservation and stability issues of precious artifacts, allowing researchers to inspect soil foundations, mechanical properties of structural elements, possible subsidence issues, seismic site effects, and dynamic structural behavior. For the same topics, at times these can also be applied jointly with remote and proximal sensing techniques like satellite or ground-based (real and synthetic aperture) radar interferometry. Some important advances are linked to the growing integration of geomatics and image processing techniques in diagnostics and documentation protocols.

Finally, the integration of different diagnostics techniques has recently led to advances in many aspects of knowledge construction and applications developed specifically for cultural heritage targets, including data collection, processing, visualization, interpretation, data fusion, scenarios reconstruction, virtual fruition and musealization, virtual restoration, hazard reduction, preservation and, repair actions.

This Special Issue invites contributions focusing on all recent and upcoming advances in the application of remote/proximal sensing and geophysics/micro-geophysics for cultural heritage reconstruction and diagnostics. Contributions involving different methods and approaches are particularly welcome, as are both theoretical selected case studies showing the use of knowledge and conservation issues in controlled physical models, numerical simulations and processing advances.

Dr. Luca Piroddi
Dr. Nasser Abu Zeid
Dr. Patrizia Capizzi
Dr. Marilena Cozzolino
Dr. Sebastiano D’Amico
Dr. Sergio Vincenzo Calcina
Dr. Ilaria Catapano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • methods and techniques for cultural heritage knowledge and conservation
  • geophysical and micro-geophysical methods
  • ground penetrating radar
  • electrical resistivity methods
  • magnetic and electromagnetic methods
  • seismic and acoustic methods
  • wide area geophysics
  • archaeological surveys
  • optical and infrared photogrammetry
  • infrared thermography
  • terahertz and microwave imaging
  • geomatics for imaging (LiDAR, laser scanner, structure for motion, etc.)
  • image and data processing
  • NDT and diagnostics methods
  • satellite and aerial remote sensing
  • vulnerability studies
  • satellite and terrestrial radar interferometry (RAR, SAR)
  • radar polarimetry
  • multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing
  • motion magnification technique
  • integrated methods
  • virtual restoration and musealization

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 13401 KiB  
Article
Virtual Restoration of Ancient Mold-Damaged Painting Based on 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image
by Sa Wang, Yi Cen, Liang Qu, Guanghua Li, Yao Chen and Lifu Zhang
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(16), 2882; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162882 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
Painted cultural relics hold significant historical value and are crucial in transmitting human culture. However, mold is a common issue for paper or silk-based relics, which not only affects their preservation and longevity but also conceals the texture, patterns, and color information, hindering [...] Read more.
Painted cultural relics hold significant historical value and are crucial in transmitting human culture. However, mold is a common issue for paper or silk-based relics, which not only affects their preservation and longevity but also conceals the texture, patterns, and color information, hindering cultural value and heritage. Currently, the virtual restoration of painting relics primarily involves filling in the RGB based on neighborhood information, which might cause color distortion and other problems. Another approach considers mold as noise and employs maximum noise separation for its removal; however, eliminating the mold components and implementing the inverse transformation often leads to more loss of information. To effectively acquire virtual restoration for mold removal from ancient paintings, the spectral characteristics of mold were analyzed. Based on the spectral features of mold and the cultural relic restoration philosophy of maintaining originality, a 3D CNN artifact restoration network was proposed. This network is capable of learning features in the near-infrared spectrum (NIR) and spatial dimensions to reconstruct the reflectance of visible spectrum, achieving the virtual restoration for mold removal of calligraphic and art relics. Using an ancient painting from the Qing Dynasty as a test subject, the proposed method was compared with the Inpainting, Criminisi, and inverse MNF transformation methods across three regions. Visual analysis, quantitative evaluation (the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MEA), and a classification application were used to assess the restoration accuracy. The visual results and quantitative analyses demonstrated that the proposed 3D CNN method effectively removes or mitigates mold while restoring the artwork to its authentic color in various backgrounds. Furthermore, the color classification results indicated that the images restored with 3D CNN had the highest classification accuracy, with overall accuracies of 89.51%, 92.24%, and 93.63%, and Kappa coefficients of 0.88, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively. This research provides technological support for the digitalization and restoration of cultural artifacts, thereby contributing to the preservation and transmission of cultural heritage. Full article
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20 pages, 22952 KiB  
Article
Methods for Designating Protective Zones of Historical and Cultural Purpose Using Non-Invasive Methods—Two Case Studies for Ukraine and Poland
by Borys Chetverikov, Luybov Babiy, Szymon Oryński and Sebastian Różycki
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(13), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132330 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1140
Abstract
Technologies and scientific progress are of major importance in monitoring cultural heritage (CH). Studies of CH preservation play a crucial role in understanding human history, inheriting splendid nations’ cultures, and safeguarding cultural diversity. The scientific community and the countries must lead a battle [...] Read more.
Technologies and scientific progress are of major importance in monitoring cultural heritage (CH). Studies of CH preservation play a crucial role in understanding human history, inheriting splendid nations’ cultures, and safeguarding cultural diversity. The scientific community and the countries must lead a battle to maintain and preserve CH. The possibilities in the search for underground objects (using non-invasive methods) that have been forgotten are presented. This article presents the results of research conducted in the area of the Citadel in Lviv (Ukraine) and an execution site of the Second World War (Kazimierz Biskupi, Poland). This research makes it possible to highlight the problem of researching to find and adequately commemorate objects and events that are essential elements of the CH of Ukraine and Poland. The proposed non-invasive methods allow the designation of protection zones of historical and cultural significance. Full article
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30 pages, 11037 KiB  
Article
Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring Analysis of Pigment Migrations in Cave of Altamira’s Prehistoric Paintings
by Vicente Bayarri, Alfredo Prada, Francisco García, Carmen De Las Heras and Pilar Fatás
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(12), 2099; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122099 - 10 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1029
Abstract
The conservation of Cultural Heritage in cave environments, especially those hosting cave art, requires comprehensive conservation strategies to mitigate degradation risks derived from climatic influences and human activities. This study, focused on the Polychrome Hall of the Cave of Altamira, highlights the importance [...] Read more.
The conservation of Cultural Heritage in cave environments, especially those hosting cave art, requires comprehensive conservation strategies to mitigate degradation risks derived from climatic influences and human activities. This study, focused on the Polychrome Hall of the Cave of Altamira, highlights the importance of integrating remote sensing methodologies to carry out effective conservation actions. By coupling a georeferenced Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with a 1.6 GHz central-frequency antenna along with photogrammetry, we conducted non-invasive and high-resolution 3D studies to map preferential moisture pathways from the surface of the ceiling to the first 50 cm internally of the limestone structure. In parallel, we monitored the dynamics of surface water on the Ceiling and its correlation with pigment and other substance migrations. By standardizing our methodology, we aim to increase knowledge about the dynamics of infiltration water, which will enhance our understanding of the deterioration processes affecting cave paintings related to infiltration water. This will enable us to improve conservation strategies, suggesting possible indirect measures to reverse active deterioration processes. Integrating remote sensing techniques with geospatial analysis will aid in the validation and calibration of collected data, allowing for stronger interpretations of subsurface structures and conditions. All of this puts us in a position to contribute to the development of effective conservation methodologies, reduce alteration risks, and promote sustainable development practices, thus emphasizing the importance of remote sensing in safeguarding Cultural Heritage. Full article
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