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A new study reveals an algorithm implemented by neurons in the medial frontal cortex that is involved in flexibly mapping appropriate actions during goal-oriented behaviour to novel situations.
A population of macrophages has been found in muscle spindles that release glutamate, activate primary sensory afferents that are part of the stretch reflex, and have a role in regulating locomotion.
The set of proteins present at synapses determines their heterogeneous functions and properties. In this Review, van Oostrum and Schuman describe the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the diversity of the synaptic proteome and consider how this molecular complexity can be captured by approaches for synapse classification.
Metastability is a concept from dynamical systems. In the brain, it is thought to reflect the balance between the cooperative and independent functioning of brain areas or neuronal populations. In this Review, Hancock, Rosas and colleagues provide an overview of metastability in neuroscience.
Rapid-acting antidepressant interventions, such as ketamine and psilocybin, are thought to enhance neural plasticity. This Review outlines evidence of synaptic deficits in individuals with major depressive disorder before discussing in vivo longitudinal studies of antidepressant-evoked structural plasticity in rodents. Translational opportunities, research gaps and challenges are also considered.
Substance-use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by chronic relapse. However, many of those affected eventually do achieve recovery. Engeln and Ahmed describe insights from clinical and preclinical studies of remission that suggest that recovery from substance-use disorders involves both reversal of drug-induced circuit changes and new neural circuit adaptations.
